Real-world data on the Immunity Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Central Nervous System Immunological Diseases
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
22288082
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85185926470
Journal Title
Siriraj Medical Journal
Volume
76
Issue
2
Start Page
69
End Page
79
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Siriraj Medical Journal Vol.76 No.2 (2024) , 69-79
Suggested Citation
Kosiyakul P., Jitprapaikulsan J., Uawithya E., Wongprompitak P., Chaimayo C., Horthongkham N., Angkasekwinai N., Tisavipat N., Prayoonwiwat N., Rattanathamsakul N., Boonyapisit K., Kumutpongpanich T., Sangsai O., Aueaphatthanawong K., Budkum J., Siritho S. Real-world data on the Immunity Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Central Nervous System Immunological Diseases. Siriraj Medical Journal Vol.76 No.2 (2024) , 69-79. 79. doi:10.33192/smj.v76i2.266638 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/97479
Title
Real-world data on the Immunity Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Central Nervous System Immunological Diseases
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Corresponding Author(s)
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Abstract
Objective: The effects of immunotherapies on the immune response to various regimens of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune neurological disease have been demonstrated in limited data. Thus, we evaluated the immune responses in each platform of COVID-19 vaccination between patients with autoimmune neurological disease and a healthy population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study. We collected serum from patients with autoimmune neurological diseases to perform serological methods using anti-RBD IgG assay, neutralizing antibodies assay, and interferon SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Serological response level was analyzed by platforms of vaccines and types of immune modifying therapy. Results: Fifty-eight patients had tested for an anti-RBD IgG response, and those receiving no immunotherapy/ healthy controls had the highest median anti-RBD IgG levels amongst immunotherapy statuses. Rituximab in those who received inactivated or mRNA vaccine regimens had the lowest antibody level compared with other immunotherapies. In vector-based vaccine regimens, significant reductions of anti-RBD IgG response were observed in all other immunotherapy groups except for azathioprine, with the greatest difference seen compared to rituximab. Thirty-five patients with positive anti-RBD responses were further tested for neutralizing antibodies. The mRNA vaccine regimen demonstrated the highest inhibition percentage among the Delta and Omicron variants. Twenty-two patients were tested for T cell responses, with no significant difference in T-cell activity across all groups. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a significant decrease in antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases receiving immunotherapies compared to a healthy population, especially for patients taking rituximab.