Scopus 2019
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Publication Metadata only Heart failure around the world(2019-10-01) Jasper Tromp; João Pedro Ferreira; Satit Janwanishstaporn; Monica Shah; Barry Greenberg; Faiez Zannad; Carolyn S.P. Lam; IQVIA Inc.; UC San Diego Health; George Institute for Global Health; Université de Lorraine; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; National Heart Centre, Singapore© 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology With increasingly large sample sizes required to demonstrate event reduction, heart failure outcome trials are no longer being performed in a small group of selected patients and countries, but at a global scale with worldwide contribution of patients from countries with considerable differences in background therapy, socioeconomic status and healthcare practices. Recent studies have highlighted how socioeconomic determinants rather than geographical factors may underlie the heterogeneity of patient populations across the globe. Therefore, in this review, we evaluated (i) regional differences in patient characteristics and outcomes in recent epidemiologic studies; (ii) regional differences in worldwide representativeness of clinical trial populations; and (iii) the role of socioeconomic determinants in driving country differences in heart failure trial enrolment and clinical outcomes.Publication Metadata only Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are associated with a higher level of serum uric acid: A systematic review and meta-analysis(2019-01-01) Nipith Charoenngam; Ben Ponvilawan; Patompong Ungprasert; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019, © 2019 Japan College of Rheumatology. Introduction/objectives: Several epidemiological studies have suggested that patients with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency tend to have a higher level of serum uric acid compared with those with adequate vitamin D level although the results were inconsistent across the studies. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all the available data. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to May 2018 to identify all studies that compared the level of serum uric acid between individuals with normal vitamin D level and patients with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Eligible studies must be cohort or cross-sectional studies that consisted of two groups of adult participants, one with normal level of vitamin D (vitamin D level >30 ng/ml) and one with vitamin D insufficiency (vitamin D level 20–30 ng/ml) or vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D level of <20 ng/ml). Mean serum uric acid level and standard deviation of participants were extracted from each study to calculate mean difference (MD). Pooled MD was then calculated by combining MDs of each study using random-effects model. Results: A total of seven cross-sectional studies were eligible for the meta-analyses. Individuals with normal vitamin D level had a significantly lower serum uric acid level than patients with vitamin D insufficiency with the pooled MD of –0.33 mg/dl (95%CI, –0.61, –0.04), and also had a significantly lower serum uric acid level than patients with vitamin D deficiency with the pooled MD of –0.45 mg/dl (95%CI, –0.82, –0.08). The statistical heterogeneity of these meta-analyses was high with the I 2 of 78% and 89%, respectively. Funnel plots of both meta-analyses were fairly symmetric and did not provide a suggestive evidence for the presence of publication bias. Conclusion: Both patients with vitamin D insufficiency and patients with vitamin D deficiency had a significantly higher level of serum uric acid compared with individuals with normal vitamin D level.Publication Metadata only Alternative Sigma Factor B in Bovine Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus: Characterization of Its Role in Biofilm Formation, Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide Stress, Regulon Members(2019-11-07) Sirirak Supa-amornkul; Paninee Mongkolsuk; Pijug Summpunn; Pongkorn Chaiyakunvat; Warisara Navaratdusit; Chutima Jiarpinitnun; Soraya Chaturongakul; Walailak University; Mahidol University© Copyright © 2019 Supa-amornkul, Mongkolsuk, Summpunn, Chaiyakunvat, Navaratdusit, Jiarpinitnun and Chaturongakul. This study examines treatments of the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, namely, in the context of its being a major cause of subclinical bovine mastitis. Such infections caused by S. aureus among dairy cows are difficult to detect and can easily become chronic, leading to reduced productivity and large losses for dairy manufacturers. In this study, the role of alternative sigma factor B (σB), which has been shown to be a global regulator for S. aureus infections, was explored in a mastitis-causing S. aureus strain, RF122. For comparison with the wild-type strain, a sigB null (ΔsigB) mutant was constructed and analyzed for its phenotypes and transcriptome. Our study found that σB is essential for biofilm formation as the ΔsigB mutant strain produced significantly less biofilm than did the wild-type strain at 48 h. σB is involved in response to H2O2 stress. However, σB plays a minor or no role in resistance to antiseptics (e.g., povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine), resistance to tested antibiotics, hemolysin activity, and invasion ability. RNA sequencing identified 225 σB-dependent genes, of which 171 are positively regulated and 54 are negatively regulated. The identified genes are involved in stress response, pathogenesis, and metabolic mechanisms. Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR was performed to verify the RNA sequencing results; i.e., σB is a positive regulator for asp23, sarA, katA, yabJ, sodA, SAB2006c, and nrdD expressions. In the RF122 strain, σB plays a role in biofilm formation, general stress response (e.g., H2O2), and regulation of virulence factors and virulence-associated genes.Publication Metadata only Hydrothermal pretreatment with sulfonated bentonite catalyst enhances potassium removal and bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch to sugar and biohydrogen(2019-06-01) Boonya Charnnok; Chularat Sakdaronnarong; Nusara Sinbuathong; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a rich of polysaccharide and element as potassium, is being recognized as one of the most potential kinds of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy and biochemical production. In this study, EFB was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment in the absence (HT) and presence of a sulfonated bentonite catalyst (HTcat). The effect of pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion was investigated. The hydrothermal pretreatments were conducted at 160–200 °C for 5–25 min, while the effect of catalytic HTcat pretreatment of EFB was studied at 180–200 °C for 25 min. The results showed that temperature and catalyst in HTcat pretreatment were the main factors that could enhance both production of glucose and biohydrogen up to 1.04–1.14- and 3.32–4.36-fold, respectively, compared with those pretreated by HT at 180–200 °C for 25 min without catalyst. The catalyst specifically enhanced hemicellulose and lignin removal from EFB. During HT pretreatment, disruption of EFB cell wall also facilitated over 70% potassium dissolution from EFB to the liquid residue at 160–190 °C for 25 min, while poorer dissolution of potassium was found at 200 °C without or with catalyst addition. The HT pretreatment successfully improved the removal of potassium from EFB and its bioconversion yield. However, the potassium forms a sticky compound with other elements and soluble organic compound, and further study is required for the valorization of the potassium and liquid residue.Publication Metadata only Factors associated with nutritional status of elderly in ubon Ratchathani, Thailand(2019-01-01) Piyanit Churak; Panrawee Praditsorn; Jaroonsree Meenongwah; Wanphen Wimonpeerapattana; Mahidol University; Boromarajonani Collage of Nursing Sanpasithiprasong© 2019, Khon Kaen University,Research and Technology Transfer Affairs Division. All rights reserved. The prevalence of elderly population is increasing among Asian countries including Thailand during the present. Aging can affect not only the physical and mental health by causing deteriorative changes but also can lead to the problem of malnutrition in elderly. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of elderly individuals from Northeastern Thailand and to determine the association between nutritional status of the elderly and socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, and health conditions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Ubon Ratchathani province. Anthropometric measurement, health practices questionnaire, and mental health self-assessment tool were applied to 398 elderly participants aged 60 years or more. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with nutritional status. Several variables regarding socio-demographic characteristics, health-related lifestyle, and health status were included in the analysis. Results showed that the underweight in the elderly was associated with elderly age ≥ 70 years (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.3-13.0), non-married status (single, OR = 12.9, 95% CI 2.4-69.5; other non-married situation, OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.5-8.2), teeth or gum diseases (OR = 8.0, 95% CI 2.2-28.9), and appetite disorder (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.4-6.5). The overweight was positively associated with the elderly having hypertension (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.8) and unfavorable health status (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.5). In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of nutrition and physical health problem among Thai elderly. There is a need for primary health care personals to provide nutritional knowledge and self-health care to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.Publication Metadata only Differentiation of patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate from other glucosamine preparations will optimize osteoarthritis treatment(2019-03-01) Sukit Saengnipanthkul; Saranatra Waikakul; Sattaya Rojanasthien; Kitti Totemchokchyakarn; Attarit Srinkapaibulaya; Tai Cheh Chin; Nguyen Mai Hong; Olivier Bruyère; Cyrus Cooper; Jean Yves Reginster; Myat Lwin; Bach Mai Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University; Chulalongkorn University; University of Oxford; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Universite de Liege; Ara Damansara Medical Center Sdn Bhd; Yangon Orthopedic Hospital© 2017 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs) are recommended for the medium- to long-term management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) due to their abilities to control pain, improve function and delay joint structural changes. Among SYSADOAs, evidence is greatest for the patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) formulation (Mylan). Glucosamine is widely available as glucosamine sulfate (GS) and glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) preparations that vary substantially in molecular form, pharmaceutical formulation and dose regimen. Only pCGS is given as a highly bioavailable once-daily dose (1500 mg), which consistently delivers the plasma levels of around 10 μmol/L required to inhibit interleukin-1-induced expression of genes involved in the pathophysiology of joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Careful consideration of the evidence base reveals that only pCGS reliably provides a moderate effect size on pain that is higher than paracetamol and equivalent to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while non-crystalline GS and GH fail to reach statistical significance for pain reduction. Chronic administration of pCGS has disease-modifying effects, with a reduction in need for total joint replacement lasting for 5 years after treatment cessation. Pharmacoeconomic studies of pCGS demonstrate long-term reduction in additional pain analgesia and NSAIDs, with a 50% reduction in costs of other OA medication and healthcare consultations. Consequently, pCGS is the logical choice, with demonstrated medium-term control of pain and lasting impact on disease progression. Physician and patient education on the differentiation of pCGS from other glucosamine formulations will help to improve treatment selection, increase treatment adherence, and optimize clinical benefit in OA.Publication Metadata only Anaphylaxis – Lessons learnt when East meets West(2019-11-01) Elizabeth H. Tham; Agnes S.Y. Leung; Punchama Pacharn; Sooyoung Lee; Motohiro Ebisawa; Bee Wah Lee; Gary W.K. Wong; Ting Fan Leung; Sakura Sato; Lynette Pei Chi Shek; Kangmo Ahn; Pakit Vichyanond; Pantipa Chatchatee; Narissara Suratannon; National Sagamihara Hospital; National University Hospital, Singapore; Ajou University, School of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© 2019 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The rapidly increasing prevalence of allergic disorders over the past 2 decades highlights the need to understand the epidemiology of anaphylaxis. In Europe, the United States, and Australia, the incidence of anaphylaxis is estimated to be between 60 and 950 cases per 100 000 population, with a lifetime prevalence of anaphylaxis of 0.05%-2%. The incidence appears to be increasing over time. Although the existing Asian literature is heterogeneous and limited by under-reporting, it also suggests a similar increasing trend in anaphylaxis incidence in Asia. Anaphylaxis triggers in Asia, such as the predominance of shellfish and wheat in older children and adolescents, differ from those seen in Western populations. Triggers unique to Asia such as traditional Chinese medications, galacto-oligosaccharides, and food delicacies have also been reported. Low usage of adrenaline as first-line treatment of anaphylaxis is evident across all countries and is particularly concerning. There is a need to establish prospective, standardized protocols for anaphylaxis data collection and reporting, to enhance the collective understanding of anaphylaxis and its burden, gaps in management and to identify areas for future research and intervention in each region. Understanding of the underlying reasons explaining the difference between East and West will facilitate future primary preventive strategies.Publication Metadata only Multi-criteria Mapping of Stakeholders’ Viewpoints in Five Southeast Asian Countries on Strategies to Reduce Micronutrient Deficiencies Among Children and Women of Reproductive Age: Findings from the SMILING Project(2019-01-15) Valerie Greffeuille; Yves Kameli; Chhoun Chamnan; Mary Chea; Sok Daream; Pattanee Winichagoon; Chaniphun Butryee; Bach Mai Le; Tran Thi Lua; Siti Muslimatum; Airin Roshita; Sengchanh Kounnavong; Frank T. Wieringa; Jacques Berger; Ministry of Health Cambodia; Ministry of Health Vitenam; IRD Centre de Montpellier; Mahidol University; Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition; DFPTQ - The Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control; Ministry of Health© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Background: Despite scientific evidence on the potential impact or importance of specific interventions to improve micronutrient status of vulnerable groups, political commitment and extensive support from national stakeholders is paramount to support introduction and implementation of these interventions at national level. In order to develop efficient nutritional strategies to improve the micronutrient status of children < 5 years of age and women of reproductive age that will be supported by a wide range of stakeholders, a better understanding of viewpoints on the nutrition politics and strategies is necessary. Multi-criteria mapping (MCM) was successfully used to assess the stakeholder’s viewpoint in a wide variety of contexts since the late 1990s. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the viewpoints of stakeholders on a wide range of potential nutritional interventions in the five Southeast Asian countries participating in the SMILING project. Method: MCM methodology was used to appraise the stakeholder’s viewpoints in five countries. Results: The results show that the overall stakeholders’ preference was for actions already implemented in their country rather than for new, innovative options, even for supplementation. Indirect interventions such like food fortification (except in Indonesia), delayed cord clamping or food-based approaches were generally less favored by the stakeholders. However, the majority of stakeholders agreed that new approaches should be considered and put in place in the future provided that evidence of their impact was demonstrated, that they received adequate technical support for their implementation and their monitoring, and that they will be accompanied by strong advocacy among decision-makers, civil society and beneficiaries. Conclusions for practice: To conclude, for the introduction of new, innovative strategies to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in South-East Asia, convincing stakeholders appears to be the first hurdle to be taken.Publication Metadata only Longitudinal study on enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 genotype/subgenotype replacements in hand, foot and mouth disease patients in Thailand, 2000–2017(2019-03-01) Pirom Noisumdaeng; Achareeya Korkusol; Jarunee Prasertsopon; Kantima Sangsiriwut; Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit; Anek Mungaomklang; Arunee Thitithanyanont; Rome Buathong; Ratigorn Guntapong; Pilaipan Puthavathana; Thailand Ministry of Public Health; Mahidol University; Thammasat University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda© 2019 The Author(s) Background: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Several strains have emerged, circulated, and faded out over time in recent decades. This study investigated the EV-A71 and CV-A16 circulating strains and replacement of genotypes/subgenotypes in Thailand during the years 2000–2017. Methods: The complete VP1 regions of 92 enteroviruses obtained from 90 HFMD patients, one asymptomatic adult contact case, and one encephalitic case were sequenced and investigated for serotypes, genotypes, and subgenotypes using a phylogenetic analysis. Results: The 92 enterovirus isolates were identified as 67 (72.8%) EV-A71 strains comprising subgenotypes B4, B5, C1, C2, C4a, C4b and C5, and 25 (27.2%) CV-A16 strains comprising subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Genotypic/subgenotypic replacements were evidenced during the study period. EV-A71 B5 and C4a have been the major circulating strains in Thailand for more than a decade, and CV-A16 B1a has been circulating for almost two decades. Conclusions: This study provides chronological data on the molecular epidemiology of EV-A71 and CV-A16 subgenotypes in Thailand. Subgenotypic replacement frequently occurred with EV-A71, but not CV-A16. Monitoring for viral genetic and subgenotypic changes is important for molecular diagnosis, vaccine selection, and vaccine development.Publication Metadata only Treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment with or without cerebrovascular disease: Expert consensus on the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761 ®(2019-02-01) Nagaendran Kandiah; Paulus Anam Ong; Turana Yuda; Li Ling Ng; Kaysar Mamun; Reshma Aziz Merchant; Christopher Chen; Jacqueline Dominguez; Simeon Marasigan; Encarnita Ampil; Van Thong Nguyen; Suraya Yusoff; Yee Fai Chan; Fee Mann Yong; Orapitchaya Krairit; Chuthamanee Suthisisang; Vorapun Senanarong; Yong Ji; Ramesh Thukral; Ralf Ihl; Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Subang Jaya Medical Centre; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; University of Santo Tomas, Manila; St. Luke's Medical Center Quezon City; Hasan Sadikin Hospital; Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya; Alexianer Krefeld GmbH; Kuala Lumpur Hospital; National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore; Singapore General Hospital; National University of Singapore; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Changi General Hospital; Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Sahara Hospital; Hospital Sultan Ismail© 2018 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: The Ginkgo biloba special extract, EGb 761 ® has been widely used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: To guide clinical practice in the Asian region, the Asian Clinical Expert Group on Neurocognitive Disorders compiled evidence-based consensus recommendations regarding the use of EGb 761 ® in neurocognitive disorders with/without cerebrovascular disease. Results: Key randomized trials and robust meta-analyses have demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life with EGb 761 ® versus placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia. In those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), EGb 761 ® has also demonstrated significant symptomatic improvement versus placebo. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines list EGb 761 ® with the same strength of evidence as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists e.g. memantine (Grade 3 recommendation; Level B evidence). Only EGb 761 ® had Level B evidence in improving cognition, behaviour, and ADL in both AD and vascular dementia patients. Safety analyses show EGb 761 ® to have a positive risk-benefit profile. While concerns have been raised regarding a possible increased bleeding risk, several randomized trials and two meta-analyses have not supported this association. Conclusions: The Expert Group foresee an important role for EGb 761 ® , used alone or as an add-on therapy, in the treatment of MCI and dementias, particularly when patients do not derive benefit from acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA antagonists. EGb 761 ® should be used in alignment with local clinical practice guidelines.Publication Metadata only Duplex ultrasound findings and clinical classification of lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency in a Thai population(2019-05-01) Tanapong Panpikoon; Banjongsak Wedsart; Tharintorn Treesit; Orapin Chansanti; Chinnarat Bua-ngam; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University© 2018 Society for Vascular Surgery Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the clinical classification of chronic venous insufficiency and duplex ultrasound findings. Methods: A total of 1010 limbs with clinically suspected chronic venous insufficiency were stratified according to the Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification and underwent duplex ultrasound evaluation consecutively between January 2012 and June 2015. Venous thrombosis, venous reflux, and anatomic distribution of the deep and superficial venous systems were investigated across the CEAP clinical classes. Results: There were 259 male limbs (25.6%) and 751 female limbs (74.4%) in clinical class C0 (24 limbs [2.4%]), C1 (130 limbs [13.1%]), C2 (452 limbs [44.8%]), C3 (183 limbs [18.1%]), C4 (163 limbs [16.1%]), C5 (31 limbs [3.1%]), and C6 (27 limbs [2.7%]). The mean age in clinical class C4-C6 (60.77 ± 14.67 years) was statistically significantly higher than in C0-C3 (55.73 ± 18.85 years; P <.001). Male limbs were shown to have a predilection for presenting with clinical class C4-C6 over female limbs (36.3% vs 16.9%; odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-3.8). Positive findings were predominantly displayed in clinical class C4-C6 compared with C0-C3 (deep venous thrombosis, 3.2% vs 1.3%; deep venous reflux, 30.8% vs 26.9%; superficial vein thrombosis, 2.7% vs 2.0%; superficial venous reflux, 56.6% vs 47.6%; perforator vein reflux, 12.7% vs 8.2% [P =.049]). A low prevalence of small saphenous vein and perforator vein reflux in C1 limbs (0.3% and 4.6%) and C3 limbs (3.8 and 6.6%) was discovered. Conclusions: The prevalence of CEAP class C0-C3 was found to be higher than C4-C6. However, men were shown to have a predilection for presenting in clinical class C4-C6 over women. The mean age of patients with clinical class C4-C6 limbs was statistically significantly higher than of those with clinical class C0-C3 limbs. The prevalence of deep venous reflux, superficial venous reflux, and coincident deep and superficial venous reflux in clinical class C4-C6 limbs was higher than in clinical class C0-C3 limbs. Detection of incompetent perforator veins was shown to have a statistically significant correlation with clinical class C4-C6 limbs.Publication Metadata only Science mapping of the global knowledge base on microfinance: Influential authors and documents, 1989-2019(2019-07-01) Simon Zaby; Mahidol University© 2019 by the authors. The use of microfinance in poverty alleviation and, by extension, as an instrument for sustainable social and economic development, represents a novel idea in sustainable finance. This study employed science mapping to examine 4049 Scopus-indexed documents explicitly concerned with microfinance. The goals of the review were to document the distribution of microfinance literature by type, volume, time, andgeography, andto identify influential authors, articles, andapotential intellectual structure of this knowledge base. The first microfinance research was conducted in 1989, but the field attracted increased attention only after 2006, when the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to microfinance pioneerMuhammad Yunus. This study does not find any single dominant school of thought in the field ofmicrofinance, but rather identified three thematic research clusters: (1) a concentration on institutional aspects of microfinance, (2) scholars who used sophisticated research methods to evaluate the impact of microfinance, and (3) groundbreaking microfinance literature related to social justice more generally. As the first-ever, comprehensive bibliometric review of research on microfinance, this study provides benchmarks against which to assess the future evolution of this literature, a reference for scholars entering this domain, and targets for future development of this field of sustainability scholarship.Publication Metadata only Thick and Diffuse Subarachnoid Blood as a Treatment Effect Modifier of Clazosentan After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage(2019-10-01) Stephan A. Mayer; E. Francois Aldrich; Nicolas Bruder; Abdel Hmissi; R. Loch Macdonald; Tanuwong Viarasilpa; Angelina Marr; Sebastien Roux; Randall T. Higashida; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Hopital La Timone; University of California, San Francisco; University of Maryland; University of Toronto; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Henry Ford HospitalBackground and Purpose- Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce angiographic vasospasm and vasospasm-related morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), although no effect on long-term functional outcome has been demonstrated. Thick clot on initial computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this post hoc analysis, we hypothesized that use of clazosentan in this subpopulation would provide stronger benefit. Methods- We analyzed SAH patients enrolled in the CONSCIOUS-2 and CONSCIOUS-3 studies (Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) and compared the effects of clazosentan 5 mg/h, 15 mg/h, and placebo starting the day after aneurysm repair. The analysis was performed separately based on the presence or absence of thick (≥4 mm) and diffuse (≥3 cisterns) SAH on admission computed tomography. The primary composite end point was all-cause mortality and vasospasm-related morbidity at 6 weeks, and the main secondary end point was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months, adjusted for admission clinical grade. Results- Of 1718 randomized patients, 919 (53%) had thick and diffuse SAH. The primary composite end point in this group occurred in 36% of placebo-treated patients (n=294), 30% patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (n=514; relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-0.99), and 19% patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (n=111; relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36-0.80). Despite this, death or poor functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≤4) occurred in 33% of placebo-treated patients, 34% of patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (relative risk 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84-1.23), and 35% of patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (relative risk 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88-1.48). Conclusions- In an enriched population with thick and diffuse SAH, clazosentan at a dose of 5 and 15 mg/h was able to significantly reduce vasospasm-related morbidity in a dose-dependent manner. The absence of an effect on long-term functional status likely reflects the complexity and multiplicity of factors that contribute to poor outcome after SAH. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00558311; NCT00940095.Publication Metadata only Device infections in implantable cardioverter defibrillators versus permanent pacemakers: A systematic review and meta-analysis(2019-07-01) Pattara Rattanawong; Jakrin Kewcharoen; Poemlarp Mekraksakit; Raktham Mekritthikrai; Narut Prasitlumkum; Wasawat Vutthikraivit; Prapaipan Putthapiban; Jonathan Dworkin; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Lubbock; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Phramongkutklao College of Medicine; Einstein Medical Center© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Introduction: Recent studies suggest that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are associated with increased risk of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections when compared with permanent pacemakers (PPMs). However, there were controversies among studies. In this study we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of device infection in ICD versus PPM. Methods: We searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to January 2019. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of Der Simonian and Laird to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Twenty-seven studies involving 202 323 CIEDs (36 782 ICDs and 165 541 PPMs) were included. Infections occurred from 9 days to 6 years postoperatively. When compared with PPM, ICD had a significantly higher risk of device infection in overall analysis (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29-2.04). The risk was seen in subgroups such as single chamber or dual chamber device (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.09), de novo implantation (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29-2.69), revision implantation (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.24-2.13), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). CRT-defibrillator increased risk of infection over CRT-pacemaker in revision implantation (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20-2.74) but not in de novo implantation (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.23-4.88). The increased risk of infection among defibrillator was higher in CRT compared to non-CRT but not significant (P = 0.654). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates a statistically significant increased risk of device infection in CIED patients who received ICD when compared to PPM.Publication Metadata only A review of transport organisations for female professionals and their impacts on the transport sector workforce(2019-01-01) Anna Fraszczyk; Janene Piip; Mahidol University; JP Research and Consulting© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The paper offers a review of various national and international organisations established to unite female transport professionals and to enhance their careers in the male-dominated rail environment. The organisations, representing both mode-specific (e.g. Women in Rail in the rail sector in the United Kingdom) as well as general transport and mobility groups (e.g. Women in Logistics & Transport at Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, international), are compared in terms of their: size, coverage and type of activities delivered (including mentoring, networking and other). In addition, female rail transport professionals participated in the research to better understand the challenges and opportunities faced at work, and the role of professional organisations, if any, in their careers. Finally, based on the analysis of data, recommendations are addressed to the rail sector's organisations as well as current and potential employees (male and female).Publication Metadata only Preparation of a highly specific single chain variable fragment antibody targeting miroestrol and its application in quality control of Pueraria candollei by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(2019-11-01) Benyakan Pongkitwitoon; Panitch Boonsnongcheep; Tharita Kitisripanya; Gorawit Yusakul; Seiichi Sakamoto; Hiroyuki Tanaka; Satoshi Morimoto; Waraporn Putalun; Walailak University; Khon Kaen University; Mahidol University; Kyushu University© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction: Miroestrol is the potent phytoestrogen isolated from White Kwao Krua (Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham, a Thai traditional medicinal plant. Nowadays, various health supplementary products featuring White Kwao Krua are available worldwide. A sensitive and rapid analytical method for quantification of miroestrol is necessary for quality control of these products. Objectives: To prepare a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific to miroestrol and develop a scFv-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative analysis of miroestrol in plant materials and health supplementary products. Methods: A gene encoding anti-miroestrol scFv antibody was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 strain. Anti-miroestrol scFv antibody was characterised and applied to ELISA. The developed scFv-based ELISA method was validated for its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision. Results: Anti-miroestrol scFv antibody was highly specific to miroestrol. The scFv-based ELISA was applied to determine miroestrol in the range 0.06–7.81 μg/mL, with the limit of quantification of 0.06 μg/mL miroestrol. The accuracy of the assay was validated by its 95.08–103.99% recovery from the spiked miroestrol recovery experiment and in good correlation with the results from the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. The relative standard deviation of the intra- and inter-assay were less than 6.0%. Conclusion: The developed scFv-based ELISA was sensitive, specific, accurate, and precise for determination of miroestrol and useful for quality control of P. candollei plant raw materials and supplementary products.Publication Metadata only Epidemiology of cellulitis at a university-based tertiary care hospital in Thailand(2019-01-01) R. Sirijatuphat; W. Somngam; V. Thamlikitkul; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University© JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF Thailand. Background: Cellulitis is a common infection at our center. Broad-spectrum antibiotic or antibiotic combination is often prescribed for most adult patients with cellulitis. A contributing factor to the high prevalence of broad-spectrum antibiotic or antibiotic combination for cellulitis is the lack of data specific to the epidemiology and microbiology of cellulitis in Thai patients. Objective: To determine the characteristics of patients with cellulitis, the prevalence of causative bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic treatment, and clinical outcomes of cellulitis in adult patients at Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of cellulitis who received medical care at Siriraj Hospital between June and December 2016. Collected data included demographic information, underlying conditions, type(s) of infection, location(s) of cellulitis, clinical features of cellulitis, culture and antibiotic susceptibility results, antibiotic prescriptions, and clinical outcomes of cellulitis. Results: Of the 970 adult cellulitis patients included, 20.6% were hospitalized and 79.4% were outpatients. The mean age of patients was 60.6±18.5 years, 75.4% had at least one underlying illness, and 55% were females. Eighty-six percent of patients had community-acquired infection. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, dicloxacillin, ceftriaxone plus clindamycin, and ceftriaxone alone were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Ninety-seven percent of patients had a favorable clinical outcome. The overall mortality rate was 2.0%, and the cellulitis-related mortality rate was 0.3%. Hospitalized patients had a significantly lower proportion of favorable clinical outcome than ambulatory patients. The most commonly isolated bacteria (73.7%) were Gram-positive bacteria (beta-hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus). Antibiotic combination therapy was significantly more prevalent among hospitalized patients. Patients who received antibiotic combination had a significantly less favorable outcome than those who received monotherapy. Conclusion: Seventy-seven percent of adult patients with cellulitis at Siriraj Hospital received broad-spectrum antibiotic or antibiotic combination despite the most commonly isolated bacteria being beta-hemolytic streptococci and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), both of which are normally treatable with a simple narrow-spectrum antibiotic. Mortality and complication rates in cellulitis were very low. Appropriate antibiotic treatment of cellulitis at Siriraj Hospital should be encouraged.Publication Metadata only Relevant Factors for Success as an Online Entrepreneur in Thailand(2019-01-01) Chanchai Phonthanukitithaworn; Chavis Ketkaew; Phaninee Naruetharadhol; Khon Kaen University; Mahidol University© The Author(s) 2019. This research aims to study the success factors of an online entrepreneur. With the recent rapid growth of the online market for different goods and services, the need to investigate the business strategy of online entrepreneurs in specific markets such as in Thailand and extract relevant success factors is dire. The researcher collected data by using a seven-point Likert-type scale that measured the responses of 180 online businesses in Bangkok, Thailand. The study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the thirteen most relevant factors related to an online entrepreneur are ACO, EOU, government support, networking, risk-taking propensity, reliability, AFF, BIM, logistics and transportation, product quality, product price, advertising on social media and staff and employee.Publication Metadata only Protein kinase R and its cellular regulators in cancer: An active player or a surveillant?(2019-01-01) Yong Sun Lee; Nawapol Kunkeaw; Yeon Su Lee; National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi; Mahidol University© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Protein kinase R (PKR), originally known as an antiviral protein, senses various stresses as well as pathogen-driven double-stranded RNAs. Thereby activated PKR provokes diverse downstream events, including eIF2α phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Consequently, PKR induces apoptosis and inflammation, both of which are highly important in cancer as much as its original antiviral role. Therefore, cellular proteins and RNAs should tightly control PKR activity. PKR and its regulators are often dysregulated in cancer and it is undoubted that such dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. However, PKR's precise role in cancer is still in debate, due to incomprehensible and even contradictory data. In this review, we introduce important cellular PKR regulators and discuss about their roles in cancer. Among them, we pay particular attention to nc886, a PKR repressor noncoding RNA that has been identified relatively recently, because its expression pattern in cancer can explain interesting yet obscure oncologic aspects of PKR. Based on nc886 and its regulation of PKR, we have proposed a tumor surveillance model, which reconciles contradictory data about PKR in cancer. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.Publication Metadata only Optimum power of low-temperature plasma selectivity for human melanoma cell treatment(2019-01-01) Sarut Chaisrisawadisuk; Dheerawan Boonyawan; Apirag Chuangsuwanit; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Chiang Mai University© 2019 by Begell House, Inc. www.begellhouse.com. The number of new cases of melanoma is increasing every year. Due to its specific-ity of treatment, plasma medicine has been claimed to be a novel adjunctive procedure. We evalu-ated the effects of a direct low-temperature plasma (LTP) device for selective tumor eradication, comparing between melanoma and normal keratinocyte cell lines. Human melanoma (G-361) and normal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines were subjected to LTP treatment. Different powerlevels and exposure durations of LTP were compared in both groups. After the treatment, a MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. The physical plasma characteristics of the three powers were also evaluated. It was found that low power (intensity 1 with frequency 10 Hz) was 0.25 watts, while medium power (intensity 5 with frequency 50 Hz) and high power (intensity 10, with frequency 100 Hz) were 0.94 and 3.0 watts, respectively. Higher powers and longer durations of LTP treatment increased the incidence of cell death in both the HaCaT and G-361 cell lines. LTP eliminated slightly more G-361 than HaCaT cells at 10 and 30 seconds of exposure. At 60 seconds or more, LTP showed a decrease of more than 50% in both the HaCaT and G-361 survival. Medium LTP power with 10-second exposure demonstrated a statistically significant differencebetween HaCaT and G-361 viabilities (77.1% and 66.3%, respectively; P = 0.01). LTP treatment at medium power (intensity 5 with frequency 50 Hz, equal to 0.94 watts) at 10-second duration showed a specificity for cancer eradication.