Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19
Issued Date
2022-12-06
Resource Type
eISSN
23078960
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85143882453
Journal Title
World Journal of Clinical Cases
Volume
10
Issue
34
Start Page
12462
End Page
12803
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
World Journal of Clinical Cases Vol.10 No.34 (2022) , 12462-12803
Suggested Citation
Leowattana W., Leowattana T., Leowattana P. Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19. World Journal of Clinical Cases Vol.10 No.34 (2022) , 12462-12803. 12803. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12470 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/87150
Title
Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19
Author(s)
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a widespread outbreak since December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 infection-related illness has been dubbed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. Asymptomatic and subclinical infections, a severe hyperinflammatory state, and mortality are all examples of clinical signs. After attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the SARSCoV-2 virus can enter cells through membrane fusion and endocytosis. In addition to enabling viruses to cling to target cells, the connection between the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may potentially impair the functionality of ACE2. Blood pressure is controlled by ACE2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the active vasoconstrictor octapeptide angiotensin (Ang) II to the heptapeptide Ang-(1-7) and free L-Phe. Additionally, Ang I can be broken down by ACE2 into Ang-(1-9) and metabolized into Ang-(1-7). Numerous studies have demonstrated that circulating ACE2 (cACE2) and Ang-(1-7) have the ability to restore myocardial damage in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and have antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiomyocyte fibrosis actions. There have been some suggestions for raising ACE2 expression in COVID-19 patients, which might be used as a target for the creation of novel treatment therapies. With regard to this, SARS-CoV-2 is neutralized by soluble recombinant human ACE2 (hrsACE2), which binds the viral S-protein and reduces damage to a variety of organs, including the heart, kidneys, and lungs, by lowering Ang II concentrations and enhancing conversion to Ang-(1-7). This review aims to investigate how the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and cACE2 are related. Additionally, there will be discussion of a number of potential therapeutic approaches to tip the ACE/ACE-2 balance in favor of the ACE-2/Ang-(1-7) axis.