High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand
Issued Date
2022-01-01
Resource Type
eISSN
11787015
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85136211331
Journal Title
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
Volume
15
Start Page
1663
End Page
1671
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Vol.15 (2022) , 1663-1671
Suggested Citation
Kanokrungsee S. High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology Vol.15 (2022) , 1663-1671. 1671. doi:10.2147/CCID.S373117 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/87414
Title
High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand
Author(s)
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of low vitamin D levels in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Thailand and determine the influential factors associated with inadequate levels. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with SLE and/or CLE and evaluated for serum 25-OH vitamin D were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to January 2021. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (21–29 ng/mL) were indicated, and predictors of hypovitaminosis D were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: In total, 414 patients with SLE and/or CLE were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was predominant in the CLE-only group (33.3%), followed by SLE without CLE (15.6%) and SLE with CLE (8%), p < 0.001. Likewise, vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in the CLE-only group (44.4%) compared to SLE with (35.8%) and without CLE (40%). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher SLEDAI-2K score and female sex had a negative association with vitamin D levels, while an intake of every 10,000 IU of vitamin D2 per week increased serum vitamin D levels by up to 2.37 ng/mL. Furthermore, forty-five percent of patients continued to have vitamin D depletion despite commencing the recommended doses of vitamin D replacement. Conclusion: Approximately half of Thai patients with SLE and 80% of CLE had vitamin D inadequacy. Vitamin D replacement is a good predictor of high serum vitamin D levels, while lower serum levels were associated with higher disease severity. Therefore, serum vitamin D monitoring and supplementation are suggested for all lupus erythematosus cases, especially those with CLE.