High nitric oxide-adapted head and neck cancer cell lines demonstrate altered autophagy and apoptosis
Issued Date
2023-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
19917902
eISSN
22138862
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85169508251
Journal Title
Journal of Dental Sciences
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Journal of Dental Sciences (2023)
Suggested Citation
Selvido D.I., Koontongkaew S., Kokilakanit P., Sacharoen A., Korsuwannawong S., Utispan K. High nitric oxide-adapted head and neck cancer cell lines demonstrate altered autophagy and apoptosis. Journal of Dental Sciences (2023). doi:10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.023 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/90080
Title
High nitric oxide-adapted head and neck cancer cell lines demonstrate altered autophagy and apoptosis
Author's Affiliation
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background/purpose: Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process occurring under stressful conditions. Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, regulates autophagy and apoptosis in several cancers. However, the effect of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell adaptation to high nitric oxide (HNO) on autophagy remains unknown. We investigated the autophagy and apoptotic changes in the HNO-adapted HNSCC cell lines. Materials and methods: Isogenic primary HNSCC (HN18/HN30) and metastatic (HN17/HN31) cell lines were evaluated. The cells were induced with 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM DEA-NONOate, an NO donor, for 72 h and assessed for cell viability by MTT assay. “HNO-adapted cells” were defined when the cell viability in the treatment group was <10%. The surviving cells were re-treated with HNO to confirm their adaptation. HNO-adapted cells were quantified for apoptosis using flow cytometry. Autophagic structures (autophagosomes) and proteins (LC3A/B and LC3B-II) were investigated using transmission electron and confocal microscopy, respectively. Results: HNO-adapted concentration for HN18, HN17, HN30 and HN31 cells was 3, 2, 4 and 4 mM, respectively. The HNO-adapted HN18 cells demonstrated a significantly increased apoptotic percentage, whereas no significant apoptotic change was detected in the HNO-adapted HN17, HN30 and HN31 cells compared with the parent cells. Autophagosomes were widely observed across the HNO-adapted cells. Moreover, LC3A/B and LC3B-II proteins were increased in all HNO-adapted cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that apoptosis and/or autophagy are increased during HNO adaptation in HNSCC cell lines.