Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with inactivated and adenoviral vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines – A prospective multi-center study
Issued Date
2024-01-15
Resource Type
ISSN
24058440
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85179174773
Journal Title
Heliyon
Volume
10
Issue
1
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Heliyon Vol.10 No.1 (2024)
Suggested Citation
Phuensan P., Sirimongkolkasem J., Tantawichien T., Phannajit J., Kerr S.J., Hansasuta P., Chantharit P., Wongsa A., Fuengfoo P., Chittinandana A., Vareesangthip K., Chayakulkeeree M., Jangsirikul S., Schmidt A., Wanvimonsuk K., Winichakoon P., Kajeekul R., Prayoonwiwat W., Rerknimitr R. Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with inactivated and adenoviral vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines – A prospective multi-center study. Heliyon Vol.10 No.1 (2024). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23246 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/91519
Title
Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with inactivated and adenoviral vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines – A prospective multi-center study
Author's Affiliation
Ramathibodi Hospital
Siriraj Hospital
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Royal Thai Airforce Hospital (Sikan)
Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital
MedPark Hospital
Phramongkutklao Hospital
Siriraj Hospital
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Royal Thai Airforce Hospital (Sikan)
Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital
MedPark Hospital
Phramongkutklao Hospital
Other Contributor(s)
Abstract
Background: During the peak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Thailand when the emergence of delta variant reduced the efficacy of inactivated vaccine, Thailand had abundance of inactivated vaccine but mRNA vaccine was not available and the supply of adenoviral-vectored vaccine was limited. The heterologous vaccination using CoronaVac and ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccines was applied. We aim to compare the immunogenicity of immune response of primary vaccination with homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Methods: A total of 430 adults, scheduled to receive ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 as their second dose of primary COVID-19 vaccination, were enrolled. Participants were classified into two groups based on the first dose vaccine as CoronaVac (heterologous group) or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (homologous group). The primary outcome was antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) titres at 28 days after the second dose of vaccination. Secondary outcomes were anti-RBD titres at 90 days, surrogate viral neutralizing test (sVNT) at 28 and 90 days, and adverse events. Findings: In 358 participants with correct vaccine interval, the anti-RBD geometric mean titre ratio for the heterologous versus homologous group was 0.55 (95%CI; 0.44–0.067); p < 0.001 at day 28, and 0.80 (95%CI; 0.65–1.00); P = 0.05 at day 90. Median sVNT neutralizing activity was not significantly different in the heterologous versus homologous group at 28 days (93.5 vs 92.7 %); p = 0.13, but significantly higher in the heterologous group at day 90 (82.9 vs 76.4 %); p = 0.01. Interpretation: The homologous vaccination resulted in higher anti-RBD titres at 28 days after vaccination, but titres in the homologous group showed more rapid decline at 90 days. In the sVNT assay, median neutralization was similar at 28 days, but was longer-lasting and higher in the heterologous group at 90 days. Funding: This research received funding from the Royal College of Physicians of Thailand special grant 2021 for research initiative during COVID-19 pandemic.