The atypical faces of optic neuritis: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
Issued Date
2024-01-01
Resource Type
ISSN
13507540
eISSN
14736551
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85210767721
Pubmed ID
39564614
Journal Title
Current Opinion in Neurology
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Current Opinion in Neurology (2024)
Suggested Citation
Poonja S., Rattanathamsakul N., Chen J.J. The atypical faces of optic neuritis: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Current Opinion in Neurology (2024). doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001335 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/102336
Title
The atypical faces of optic neuritis: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
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Abstract
Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to provide a review of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), with a focus on what renders optic neuritis "atypical" in these two conditions. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology are outlined. Acute treatments for optic neuritis, as well as immunotherapy for NMOSD and MOGAD are discussed. Recent findings Updates in NMOSD and MOGAD are highlighted, with an emphasis on novel work including the new 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria, our evolving understanding on the epidemiology of these conditions, and recently FDA-approved NMOSD treatments. Pipeline therapies are also discussed. Summary A thorough history and examination, supported by ancillary testing, continues to be the mainstay of optic neuritis diagnosis. Stratifying typical versus atypical optic neuritis is paramount. Within the atypical category, NMOSD and MOGAD are important considerations. Clues can point towards these diagnoses and guide steps for treatment, which is increasingly becoming targeted to individual diseases, as the pathophysiology is different for these disorders.