DNA barcoding of the parasitic flies, stomoxys flies (diptera: muscidae), from natural sources in Thailand

Abstract

The Stomoxys flies are known as parasitic flies allecting livestock and wildlife. They have determined as high impact in economic lost especially dairy farm. Adult flies feed on blood causing blood loss and reducing milk product. They are major irritant pests of livestock and transmit many pathogens to cattle. The Stomoxys flies were collected from many parts of Thailand. Species were firstly identified based on morphological characteristics. There are some Stomoxys species, Stomoxys indicus, Stomoxys pulla and Stomoxys uruma, which are poorly identified by morphology. DNA barcoding has been developed to solve this problem. A 657 bp of COI barcodes from five species, Stomoxys calcitrans Stomoxys indicus, Stomoxys pulla, Stomoxys sitiens and Stomoxys uruma, could be amplified. Their DNA sequences were made phylogenetic analysis and calculated sequence divergence by MEGA 5.1 program. The average of interspecific sequence divergence ranged 5.2- 12.0%. The neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis among five species of the Stomoxyini flies was analysed using K2P parameter. All of Stomoxys flies were clearly separated into each species. The DNA barcoding can be used to confirm the poorly discriminated species and is applied for managing control programs of parasitic flies.