Development of Antibacterial Biodegradable Film using Polyvinyl Alcohol, Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Annona muricata Leaves Extract Composite Incorporated with Chitosan

Abstract

This study aims to develop and characterize antibacterial biodegradable film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Annona muricata leaf extract (15%) reinforced with chitosan (0, 1, 2, and 4%). Surface morphology and biomaterial interaction were accessed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Film reinforced with 4% chitosan showed the greatest thickness (P<0.05) compared to others. The elongation at break (EAB) of Annona-based film reinforced with 1% chitosan was considerably higher (P<0.05) than controls. The annona-based film reinforced with 4% chitosan demonstrated significantly higher opacity (P<0.05) than controls. The film was completely degradable in the soil on day 16. Anonna-based film inhibited R. planticola, C. farmeri, C. braakii, A. hydrophila and S. lentus. Furthermore, an increased chitosan concentration showed increased antibacterial activity of the film. Therefore, Annona-based film reinforced with 4% chitosan shows promising potential as a biodegradable packaging material.