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Item Metadata only Increased faecal shedding in SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and JN.1(2024-01-01) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Chadsuthi S.; Anupong S.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Ounjai P.; Singer A.C.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Sano D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Chatsuwan T.; Higgins P.G.; Nanbo A.; Kicic A.; Siow R.; Trowsdale S.; Hongsing P.; Khatib A.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Ishikawa H.; Thuptiang W.; Ali A.H.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Storer R.J.; Kanthawee P.; Tacharoenmuang R.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Tracing the new SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 in the community through wastewater surveillance in Bangkok, Thailand(2023-11-01) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Chadsuthi S.; Anupong S.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Ounjai P.; Tacharoenmuang R.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Sano D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Higgins P.G.; Nanbo A.; Kicic A.; Singer A.C.; Chatsuwan T.; Trowsdale S.; Khatib A.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Ishikawa H.; Hongsing P.; Thuptiang W.; Rad S M A.H.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Storer R.J.; Kanthawee P.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Tracing the transmission of mpox through wastewater surveillance in Southeast Asia(2023-09-05) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Chadsuthi S.; Anupong S.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Thuptimdang W.; Ali Hosseini Rad S.M.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-In S.; Storer R.J.; Ounjai P.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Kanthawee P.; Sano D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Higgins P.G.; Nanbo A.; Kicic A.; Singer A.C.; Chatsuwan T.; Trowsdale S.; Siow R.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Ishikawa H.; Hongsing P.; Mahidol UniversityHigh population density and tourism in Southeast Asia increase the risk of mpox due to frequent interpersonal contacts. Our wastewater surveillance in six Southeast Asian countries revealed positive signals for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, indicating local transmission. This alerts clinicians and helps allocate resources like testing, vaccines and therapeutics in resource-limited countries.Item Metadata only Streptococcus pyogenes Surveillance Through Surface Swab Samples to Track the Emergence of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome in Rural Japan(2025-08-15) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Suzuki Y.; Moriya K.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Huang A.T.; Okuma Y.; Akaneya D.; Igarashi J.; Suto M.; Ishizawa D.; Imamiya W.; Igarashi A.; Shimotai Y.; Singer A.C.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Wang Y.; Kanjanabuch T.; Higgins P.G.; Nemoto N.; Khatib A.; Kicic A.; Trowsdale S.; Hongsing P.; Sano D.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Hamamoto H.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityJapan recently experienced a record surge in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Our environmental surveillance study reveals that Streptococcus pyogenes persists seasonally, peaking in autumn and winter in rural Japan. The dominant emm1 M1UK sublineage and csrS mutations heighten virulence, highlighting the urgent need for targeted surveillance and interventions.Item Metadata only Global participatory wastewater surveillance to understand mpox clade diversity in war and conflict-affected countries(2025-07-01) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Wang Y.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Melhem N.M.; Singer A.C.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Calabria de Araujo J.; Sei K.; Ndatuwong L.G.; Mahmood S.F.; Shimotai Y.; Kanjanabuch T.; Higgins P.G.; Aoyagi T.; Kicic A.; Nanbo A.; Mori H.; Siow R.; Kurt Ö.; Trowsdale S.; Hongsing P.; Khatib A.; Sano D.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Hamamoto H.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only COVID-19 monitoring with sparse sampling of sewered and non-sewered wastewater in urban and rural communities(2023-07-21) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Hongsing P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Chadsuthi S.; Anupong S.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Ali A.H.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Storer R.J.; Ounjai P.; Devanga Ragupathi N.K.; Kanthawee P.; Sano D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Hirankarn N.; Higgins P.G.; Kicic A.; Singer A.C.; Chatsuwan T.; Trowsdale S.; Abe S.; McLellan A.D.; Ishikawa H.; Mahidol UniversityEquitable SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in low-resource communities lacking centralized sewers is critical as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) progresses. However, large-scale studies on SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater from low-and middle-income countries is limited because of economic and technical reasons. In this study, wastewater samples were collected twice a month from 186 urban and rural subdistricts in nine provinces of Thailand mostly having decentralized and non-sewered sanitation infrastructure and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA variants using allele-specific RT-qPCR. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was used to estimate the real-time incidence and time-varying effective reproduction number (Re). Results showed an increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater from urban and rural areas 14–20 days earlier than infected individuals were officially reported. It also showed that community/food markets were “hot spots” for infected people. This approach offers an opportunity for early detection of transmission surges, allowing preparedness and potentially mitigating significant outbreaks at both spatial and temporal scales.Item Metadata only Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 new variants BA.2.86 and offspring JN.1 in South and Southeast Asia(2024-06-03) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Chadsuthi S.; Anupong S.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Werawatte W.K.C.P.; Ali Hosseini Rad S.M.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Vatanaprasan P.; Saethang T.; Luk-In S.; Storer R.J.; Ounjai P.; Tacharoenmuang R.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Kanthawee P.; Cynthia B.; Besa J.J.V.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Higgins P.G.; Nanbo A.; Kicic A.; Singer A.C.; Chatsuwan T.; Trowsdale S.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Sano D.; Ishikawa H.; Shibuya K.; Khatib A.; Abe S.; Hongsing P.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Exploring indoor and outdoor dust as a potential tool for detection and monitoring of COVID-19 transmission(2024-03-15) Anupong S.; Chadsuthi S.; Hongsing P.; Hurst C.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Ali A.H.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Vatanaprasan P.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Storer R.J.; Ounjai P.; Devanga Ragupathi N.K.; Kanthawee P.; Ngamwongsatit N.; Badavath V.N.; Thuptimdang W.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Nanbo A.; Shibuya K.; Kupwiwat R.; Sano D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Higgins P.G.; Kicic A.; Singer A.C.; Chatsuwan T.; Trowsdale S.; Abe S.; Ishikawa H.; Amarasiri M.; Modchang C.; Wannigama D.L.; Anupong S.; Mahidol UniversityThis study investigated the potential of using SARS-CoV-2 viral concentrations in dust as an additional surveillance tool for early detection and monitoring of COVID-19 transmission. Dust samples were collected from 8 public locations in 16 districts of Bangkok, Thailand, from June to August 2021. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in dust were quantified, and their correlation with community case incidence was assessed. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between viral concentrations detected in dust and the relative risk of COVID-19. The highest risk was observed with no delay (0-day lag), and this risk gradually decreased as the lag time increased. We observed an overall decline in viral concentrations in public places during lockdown, closely associated with reduced human mobility. The effective reproduction number for COVID-19 transmission remained above one throughout the study period, suggesting that transmission may persist in locations beyond public areas even after the lockdown measures were in place.Item Metadata only Community-based mpox and sexually transmitted disease surveillance using discarded condoms in the global south(2024-01-01) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Besa J.J.V.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Ounjai P.; Werawatte W.K.C.P.; Ali A.H.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Storer R.J.; Kanthawee P.; Al-Dois M.; Bani R.; Thuptiang W.; Khan S.; Tacharoenmuang R.; Cynthia B.; Vitharana S.P.H.S.; Ngamwongsatit N.; Ishikawa H.; Singer A.C.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Furukawa T.; Sei K.; Nanbo A.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Chatsuwan T.; Higgins P.G.; Sano D.; Kicic A.; Rockstroh J.K.; Siow R.; Trowsdale S.; Hongsing P.; Khatib A.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics(2025-12-01) Wannigama D.L.; Amarasiri M.; Phattharapornjaroen P.; Hurst C.; Modchang C.; Besa J.J.V.; Miyanaga K.; Cui L.; Fernandez S.; Huang A.T.; Ounjai P.; Werawatte W.K.C.P.; Ali A.H.; Vatanaprasan P.; Jay D.J.; Saethang T.; Luk-in S.; Kanthawee P.; Thuptimdang W.; Tacharoenmuang R.; Cynthia B.; Vitharana S.P.H.S.; Ngamwongsatit N.; Ishikawa H.; Furukawa T.; Wang Y.; Singer A.C.; Ragupathi N.K.D.; Chatsuwan T.; Sei K.; Nanbo A.; Leelahavanichkul A.; Kanjanabuch T.; Hamamoto H.; Higgins P.G.; Sano D.; Kicic A.; Valdebenito J.O.; Bonnedahl J.; Trowsdale S.; Hongsing P.; Khatib A.; Shibuya K.; Abe S.; Wannigama D.L.; Mahidol UniversityAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South. Here, we show that remote, uninhabited regions in previously unsampled areas harbor a high diversity of AIV strains, with H5N1 emerging as the most prevalent. Some of these H5N1 samples also carry mutations that may make them less responsive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Our findings documented the presence of AIVs in several underrepresented regions and highlighted critical transmission hotspots where viral evolution may be accelerating. These results underscore the urgent need for geographically targeted surveillance to detect emerging variants, inform public health interventions, and reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover.