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Item Metadata only Ethyl Acetate Extract of Marine Algae, Halymenia durvillei, Provides Photoprotection against UV-Exposure in L929 and HaCaT Cells(2022-11-11) Kraokaew P.; Manohong P.; Prasertsuksri P.; Jattujan P.; Niamnont N.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Meemon K.; Mahidol UniversityHalymenia durvillei is a red alga distributed along the coasts of Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. Previous studies have shown that an ethyl acetate fraction of H. durvillei (HDEA), containing major compounds including n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-butyl-5-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene, 3-(hydroxyacetyl) indole and indole-3-carboxylic acid, possesses high antioxidant and anti-lung cancer activities. The present study demonstrated that HDEA could protect mouse skin fibroblasts (L929) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) against photoaging due to ultraviolet A and B (UVA and UVB) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP3), as well as increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, upregulations of mRNA transcripts of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase (HMOX) and glutathione S-transferase pi1 (GSTP1), and procollagen synthesis. The results indicate that HDEA has the potential to protect skin cells from UV irradiation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which leads to decreasing intracellular ROS and MMP production, along with the restoration of skin collagen.Item Metadata only Anti-Obesity Effects of Marine Macroalgae Extract Caulerpa lentillifera in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model(2023-11-03) Chumphoochai K.; Manohong P.; Niamnont N.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Meemon K.; Mahidol UniversityObesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat, which in turn poses a significant risk to health. Bioactive compounds obtained from macroalgae have demonstrated their efficacy in combating obesity in various animal models. The green macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (CL) contains numerous active constituents. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the beneficial anti-obesity effects of extracts derived from C. lentillifera using a Caenorhabditis elegans obesity model. The ethanol (CLET) and ethyl acetate (CLEA) extracts caused a significant decrease in fat consumption, reaching up to approximately 50-60%. Triglyceride levels in 50 mM glucose-fed worms were significantly reduced by approximately 200%. The GFP-labeled dhs-3, a marker for lipid droplets, exhibited a significant reduction in its level to approximately 30%. Furthermore, the level of intracellular ROS displayed a significant decrease of 18.26 to 23.91% in high-glucose-fed worms treated with CL extracts, while their lifespan remained unchanged. Additionally, the mRNA expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, such as sbp-1, showed a significant down-regulation following treatment with CL extracts. This finding was supported by a significant decrease (at 16.22-18.29%) in GFP-labeled sbp-1 gene expression. These results suggest that C. lentillifera extracts may facilitate a reduction in total fat accumulation induced by glucose through sbp-1 pathways. In summary, this study highlights the anti-obesity potential of compounds derived from C. lentillifera extracts in a C. elegans model of obesity, mediated by the suppression of lipogenesis pathways.Item Metadata only Apoptotic and Autophagic Cell Death Effects of the Hexane Extract of Tropical Marine Algae Halymenia durvillei against Human Glioblastoma Cells: In vitro and in silico Studies(2024-02-01) Vivithanaporn P.; Siangcham T.; Tanawoot V.; Settacomkul R.; Pranweerapaiboon K.; Meemon K.; Niamnont N.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Sangpairoj K.; Vivithanaporn P.; Mahidol Universityinvestigated as alternative sources for potential treatment as well as prevention in glioblastoma. This study revealed the effects of marine red algae extract from hexane solvent fraction of Halymenia durvillei (HDHE) on proliferation and cell death in A172Item Metadata only The Scavenging Activity and Safety Effect of Red Marine Algae Acanthophora spicifera Ethanol Extract(2024-01-01) Samrit T.; Osodprasit S.; Chaiwichien A.; Savedvanich G.; Changklungmoa N.; Kueakhai P.; Athipornchai A.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Jaikua W.; Samrit T.; Mahidol UniversityThe red algae, Acanthophora spicifera, are major species grown in Asia and Pacific areas, especially along the coast of southern Thailand. They have the fast growth rate that leads to an abundant supply; thus, they are currently used for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, an ethanolic extract from A. spicifera has been used as a food supplement because of its perceived antioxidant property. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain and evaluate the antioxidant activity and safety of the ethanolic extract from A. spicifera. Safety tests showed that the extract did not have cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects at concentrations less than 100 µg/mL. In term of antioxidant activity, the DPPH and ABTS assays showed a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 5.24±0.44 and 4.03±0.13 mg Trolox/g of the extract, respectively. In conclusion, A. spicifera extract is relatively safe and has a rather high efficacy in scavenging free radicals, which makes it suitable for use as food supplement and cosmetics. However, there are a number of caveats regarding its uses in terms of excessive concentrations and exposure duration to avoid causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.Item Metadata only Anti-Parkinson Effects of Holothuria leucospilota-Derived Palmitic Acid in Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Parkinson’s Disease(2023-03-01) Sanguanphun T.; Promtang S.; Sornkaew N.; Niamnont N.; Sobhon P.; Meemon K.; Mahidol UniversityParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which is still incurable. Sea cucumber-derived compounds have been reported to be promising candidate drugs for treating age-related neurological disorders. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of the Holothuria leucospilota (H. leucospilota)-derived compound 3 isolated from ethyl acetate fraction (HLEA-P3) using Caenorhabditis elegans PD models. HLEA-P3 (1 to 50 µg/mL) restored the viability of dopaminergic neurons. Surprisingly, 5 and 25 µg/mL HLEA-P3 improved dopamine-dependent behaviors, reduced oxidative stress and prolonged lifespan of PD worms induced by neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Additionally, HLEA-P3 (5 to 50 µg/mL) decreased α-synuclein aggregation. Particularly, 5 and 25 µg/mL HLEA-P3 improved locomotion, reduced lipid accumulation and extended lifespan of transgenic C. elegans strain NL5901. Gene expression analysis revealed that treatment with 5 and 25 µg/mL HLEA-P3 could upregulate the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (gst-4, gst-10 and gcs-1) and autophagic mediators (bec-1 and atg-7) and downregulate the fatty acid desaturase gene (fat-5). These findings explained the molecular mechanism of HLEA-P3-mediated protection against PD-like pathologies. The chemical characterization elucidated that HLEA-P3 is palmitic acid. Taken together, these findings revealed the anti-Parkinson effects of H. leucospilota-derived palmitic acid in 6-OHDA induced- and α-synuclein-based models of PD which might be useful in nutritional therapy for treating PD.Item Metadata only Acceleration of Ovarian Maturation in the Female Mud Crab With RNA Interference of the Vitellogenesis-Inhibiting Hormone (VIH)(2022-06-02) Duangprom S.; Saetan J.; Phanaksri T.; Songkoomkrong S.; Surinlert P.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Kornthong N.; Mahidol UniversityIn the present study, double strand RNA technology (dsRNA) was used to inhibit transcripts of vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) that mainly synthesized and secreted from the central nervous system in Scylla olivacea females. The results presented in this study clearly demonstrate the potential dsRNA-VIH was highly effective to inhibit VIH in the eyestalks of females injected with dsRNA-VIH on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day, respectively. The dsRNA-VIH injections were performed at 14-day intervals, a single dsRNA dose of 0.6 µg/gram body weight was enough to suppress VIH expression until 14th day after injection. The dsRNA-VIH injection significantly increased gonad-somatic index (GSI) and hemolymph vitellin level at day 14 and 28 when compared with control groups. The histological observation found that the number of oocyte step 4 in dsRNA-VIH group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Also, dsRNA-VIH has stimulatory function on other reproduction-related genes such as the Scyol-PGES and Scyol-ESULT that both genes gradually increased their expressions in brain and ventral nerve cord. In conclusion, the silence of VIH gene could reduce the production of VIH from eyestalk and brain that affected other downstream genes related to ovarian maturation in the mud crab.Item Metadata only Discovery of a hidden form of neuropeptide F and its presence throughout the CNS–gut axis in the mud crab, Scylla olivacea(2022-08-15) Kruangkum T.; Duangprom S.; Songkoomkrong S.; Chotwiwatthanakun C.; Vanichviriyakit R.; Sobhon P.; Kornthong N.; Mahidol UniversityThe mud crab Scylla olivacea (Scyol) is an economically crucial crustacean species in Thailand, due to its high market demand and nutritional value. The neuropeptide F (NPF) has been implicated in the coordinated regulation of feeding and metabolism in invertebrates. While various isoforms of neuropeptide F (NPF) have been previously explored in the mud crab, some knowledge gaps in relation to the NPF family, and ambiguities in the nomenclature from previous reports, remain. In this study, NPF was firstly localized in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract of the mud crab, S. olivacea, using a polyclonal antibody against Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Macro-NPF. The NPF immunoreactivity (ir) was detected dominantly in the X-organ/sinus gland complex of the eyestalk (ES) and the various neuronal clusters (cluster 6, 9/11, and 14/15) and neuropils (anteromedial and posteromedial protocerebral neuropils, olfactory and accessory olfactory neuropils, and medial antennule neuropil, columnar neuropil) of the brain (BR), commissural ganglia, and suboesophageal ganglion of the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Interestingly, this study also presented the NPF immunoreactivity (NPF-ir) in the acinar gland-like cell and spindle-shaped epithelial cells of S. olivacea intestine. The full-length Scyol-NPFII was characterized by molecular cloning and revealed 414 nucleotides with 375 nucleotides of an open reading frame which encoded 124 deduced amino acids. A 124-amino acid precursor protein of Scyol-NPFII included a 26-residue signal peptide and a 69-amino acid mature peptide. The Scyol-NPFII showed the highest percentage of hit similarity to S. paramamosain-NPFII and clustered in the NPFII family, separated from the other forms of NPFs in this species. The spatial gene expression in various tissues revealed that Scyol-NPFII was found dominantly in the ES and BR, VNC, heart, intestine, and muscle. This study provided a novel form of NPF in the female mud crab, S. olivacea, which could open the possibility of its functioning in the brain-to-gut controlling axis. This study could provide essential information for further application in the cultured system of S. olivacea in the near future.Item Metadata only Evaluation of Toxicity and Anti-Oxidation Activity of the Extracts from Halymenia durvillei(2022-03-15) Chaiwichien A.; Samrit T.; Osotprasit S.; Kueakhai P.; Sobhon P.; Meemon K.; Niamnont N.; Manohong P.; Pranweerapaiboon K.; Tamtin M.; Changklungmoa N.; Mahidol UniversityHalymenia durvillei (HD), a marine red alga, is believed to have potentials for pharmacological, nutritional and cosmetic applications. However, such potentials are acceptable only when their extracts are devoid of any adverse effects on humanItem Metadata only Potent ovarian development as being stimulated by cocktail hormone in the female Scylla olivacea(2023-01-01) Saetan J.; Duangprom S.; Songkoomkrong S.; Amonruttanapun P.; Phanaksri T.; Surinlert P.; Samhuay C.; Tamtin M.; Suwansa-Ard S.; Cummins S.F.; Sobhon P.; Kornthong N.; Saetan J.; Mahidol UniversityThe mud crab Scylla olivacea is widely cultured for its economic value, but reproduction issues limit its production. Vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), serotonin (5-HT), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are important neurohormones that control reproduction in crustaceans. Mimicking crab hormone stimulation during reproduction has scarcely been reported. Comparison of the single hormone and multiple hormone approaches to crab hormonal control in S. olivacea is limited. In situ hybridization showed that injection of dsRNA-VIH could abolish its gene expression in neuronal clusters of female S. olivacea eyestalks, potentially reducing its inhibitory effects on ovarian maturation. This was confirmed by assessing the ovarian gonadosomatic index (GSI), hemolymph vitellogenin (Vg), an indicator of vitellogenesis, and gonad histology using dsRNA-VIH and 5-HT/GnRH combinations. Based on our findings, we demonstrated that administration of dsRNA-VIH significantly increased the gonadosomatic index (GSI) on days 14 and 28 post-treatment. The combination cocktail, however, consisting of 5-HT + GnRH + dsRNA-VIH on days 14 and 28, and GnRH + dsRNA-VIH on day 28, was the most efficacious in increasing GSI and enhancing crab ovarian maturation. Upregulation of hemolymph Vg levels was observed solely on the 28th day following treatment with dsRNA-VIH, 5-HT + GnRH + dsRNA-VIH, and GnRH + dsRNA-VIH. Differential gene expression analysis using quantitative RNA-sequencing of the neural tissues (brain and ventral nerve cord), revealed a significant upregulation of certain receptors (5-HTR, GnRHR, LHR, and FSHR), neuropeptides (sNPF, NPF1, NPF2, SIFamide, AKH/Crz, CHH, and RPCH), downstream reproductive-related genes (FAMeT, ESULT, progesterone-like protein), and prostanoid-related genes (phospholipase A and C, COX, Thromboxane A synthase, prostaglandin D, E, and F synthases) following treatment, particularly dsRNA-VIH + GnRH and/or 5-HT-injected individuals. Upregulation of prostaglandin E synthase and estrogen sulfotransferase genes was confirmed by real-time PCR. Since the construction and propagation of dsRNA-VIH is costly, its lower dose application supplemented with synthetic GnRH and/or 5-HT may be an alternative approach to ensure that female S. olivacea attain sufficient reproductive fecundity in aquaculture. Furthermore, we propose that the administration of multiple hormones in crabs may better emulate the physiological conditions of crustaceans in their natural habitat.Item Metadata only Halymenia durvillei Extracts Exert Antiobesity Effects by Targeting hosl-1-Mediated Lipolysis in a Glucose-Induced Caenorhabditis elegans Model(2025-06-01) Chumphoochai K.; Promtang S.; Chalorak P.; Manohong P.; Niamnont N.; Tamtin M.; Sobhon P.; Tuck S.; Meemon K.; Chumphoochai K.; Mahidol UniversityThe antiobesity effect of extracts from the marine algae, Halymenia durvillei (HD), was investigated in a glucose-induced Caenorhabditis elegans model of obesity. Total fat accumulation, triglyceride levels, lifespan, intracellular ROS levels