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Publication Open Access A case report of intravenous posaconazole in hepatic and renal impairment patient with invasive Aspergillus terreus infection: safety and role of therapeutic drug monitoring(2017) Pitchaya Dilokpattanamongkol; Panadda Panusitthikorn; Rasda Boonprasert; Methee Chayakulkeeree; Porpon Rotjanapan; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmacy; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. Department of Pharmacy; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Siriraj Poison Control Center; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital. Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine.; Mahidol University. Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Division of Infectious Diseasesno report on safety and dose adjustment when intravenous posaconazole is selected in hepatic and renal impairment patient. We present a rare case of intravenous posaconazole use in a hepatic and renal impairment patient with invasive A. terreus pulmonary...Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a fatal infectious complication among immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus terreus, the fourth common species can be difficult to treat due to a unique resistance pattern. To date, there has beenPublication Open Access การประเมินการออกแบบภายในรถพยาบาลฉุกเฉินเพื่อความปลอดภัยในการปฏิบัติงานของเครือข่ายโรงพยาบาลจังหวัดแห่งหนึ่ง(2554) พิพัฒน์ ลักษมีจรัลกุล; สิริกุล พิพิธแสงจันทร์,; ดุสิต สุจิรารัตน์; พิศิษฐ์ วัฒนสมบูรณ์; Pipat Luksamijarulkul; Dusit Sujirarat; Pisit Vatanasomboon; พิพัฒน์ ลักษมีจรัลกุล; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยา; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาระบาดวิทยา; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาวิทยาศาสตร์อนามัยสิ่งแวดล้อมความเสี่ยงจากการปฏิบัติงานด้วย Personnel working in an ambulance may be at risk from the inappropriate interior design in ambulance. This study attempts to assess the appropriate interior design and standard supplies of an ambulance for safety work... the real practice. Results reveal that 74.5% of studied ambulances are new model designs and have the driver and the patient compartments. Approximately, 83% have an electrical air ventilation system, and 93.6% have enclosed storage cabinet. About 97Publication Open Access Tolerability and safety of weekly primaquine against relapse of Plasmodium vivax in Cambodians with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(2015) Sim Kheng; Sinoun Muth; Taylor, Walter R. J.; Narann Tops; Khem Kosal; Khon Sothea; Phum Souy; Saorin Kim; Char, Chuor Meng; Chan Vanna; Po Ly; Pascal Ringwald; Virak Khieu; Alexandra Kerleguer; Pety Tor; Baird, John K.; Steven Bjorge; Didier Menard; Eva Christophel; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitBackground: Primaquine is used to prevent Plasmodium vivax relapse; however, it is not implemented in many malaria-endemic countries, including Cambodia, for fear of precipitating primaquine-induced acute haemolytic anaemia in patients... with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd). Reluctance to use primaquine is reinforced by a lack of quality safety data. This study was conducted to assess the tolerability of a primaquine regimen in Cambodian severely deficient G6PD variantsPublication Open Access A randomised, double-blind study of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in children(2014) Suporn Treepongkaruna; Nipat Simakachorn; Paneeya Pienvichit; Wandee Varavithya; Yothi Tongpenyai; Garnier, Philippe; Hélène Mathiex-Fortunet; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of PaediatricsBackground: Chronic constipation is frequent in children. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 and lactulose for the treatment of chronic constipation in young children. Methods: This randomised, doublePublication Open Access Nephrotoxicity caused by oral antiviral agents in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated in a hospital for tropical diseases in Thailand(2015) Thu, Aung Myint; Kittiyod Poovorawan; Chatporn Kittitrakul; Apichart Nontprasert; Natthida Sriboonvorakul; Weerapong Phumratanaprapin; Pisit Tangkijvanich; Wattana Leowattana; Polrat Wilairatana; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Clinical Tropical MedicineBackground: There is increasing concern about the potential for nephrotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated long-term with nucleotide analogs. Methods: We examined renal dysfunction and its associated risk factors in patients... with CHB treated with antiviral regimens containing either nucleosides or nucleotide analogs. We undertook a retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2014 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand, and analyzed the data of 102 patientsPublication Open Access Efficacy and safety of glucosamine, diacerein, and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis knee: a systematic review and network meta-analysis(2015) Jatupon Kongtharvonskul; Thunyarat Anothaisintawee; McEvoy, Mark; Attia, John; Patarawan Woratanarat; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Section for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsBackground: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the aims of comparing relevant clinical outcomes (that is, visual analog scores (VAS), total and sub-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores, Lequesne algofunctional index, joint space width change, and adverse events) between diacerein, glucosamine, and placebo. Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 29 August 2014, using PubMed and Scopus search engines and included RCTs or quasi-experimental designs comparing clinical outcomes between treatments. Data were extracted from original studies. A network meta-analysis was performed by applying weight regression for continuous outcomes and a mixed-effect Poisson regression for dichotomous outcomes. Results: Thirty-one of 505 identified studies were eligible. Compared to placebo, glucosamine showed a significant improvement with unstandardized mean differences (UMD) in total WOMAC, pain WOMAC, function WOMAC, and Lequesne score of −2.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) −4.14, −0.83), −0.75 (95% CI: −1.18, −0.32), −4.78 (95% CI: −5.96, −3.59), and −1.03 (95% CI: −1.34, −0.72), respectively. Diacerein clinically improves visual analog scores, function WOMAC, and stiffness WOMAC with UMD values of −2.23 (95% CI: −2.82, −1.64), −6.64 (95% CI: −10.50, −2.78), and −0.68 (95% CI: −1.20, −0.16) when compared to placebo. Conclusions: The network meta-analysis suggests that diacerein and glucosamine are equally efficacious for symptom relief in knee OA, but that the former has more side effects.Publication Open Access Pharmacokinetic properties of intramuscular versus oral syrup paracetamol in Plasmodium falciparum malaria(2016) Thanaporn Wattanakul; Pramote Teerapong; Plewes, Katherine; Newton, Paul N.; Wirongrong Chierakul; Kamolrat Silamut; Kesinee Chotivanich; Ronnatrai Ruengweerayut; White, Nicholas J.; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Tarning, Joel; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol‑Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.Background: Fever is an inherent symptom of malaria in both adults and children. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the recommended antipyretic as it is inexpensive, widely available and has a good safety profile, but patients may not be able to take... the oral drug reliably. A comparison between the pharmacokinetics of oral syrup and intramuscular paracetamol given to patients with acute falciparum malaria and high body temperature was performed. Methods: A randomized, open-label, two-treatmentPublication Open Access Rationale for recommending a lower dose of primaquine as a Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocide in populations where G6PD deficiency is common(2012) White, Nicholas J; Guo Qiao, Li; Qi, Gao; Luzzatto, Lucio; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Tropical Medicine Research Unit. Review of studies of transmission-blocking activity based on the infectivity of patients or volunteers to anopheline mosquitoes, and of haemolytic toxicity in glucose 6-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient subjects, suggests that a lower primaquine dose (0Publication Open Access Hydroxyurea and colonic ulcers: a case report(2014) Kochawan Boonyawat; Sansanee Wongwaisayawan; Prawat Nitiyanant; Vichai Atichartakarn; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of PathologyBackground: Hydroxyurea at a relatively low dose is frequently prescribed to induce hemoglobin F production in patients with sickle cell and β-thalassemia diseases because of its good efficacy and safety profiles. However, a potentially fatalPublication Open Access The clinical efficacy of artemether/lumefantrine (Coartem)(2009-10-12) Makanga, Michael; Srivicha Krudsood; ศรีวิชา ครุฑสูตร; Makanga, Michael; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. WHO CC for Clinical Management of Malaria, safety and quality, approved by Swissmedic in December 2008 and recently approved by the USA FDA. Coartem is a fixed-dose combination of artemether and lumefantrine. Its two components have different modes of action that provide synergistic anti... especially for children (Coartem Dispersible), which rapidly disperses in a small amount of water for ease of administration. The efficacy of the six-dose regimen of artemether/lumefantrine has been confirmed in many different patient populations around