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Publication Open Access Paper-based Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay Combining a Wet System for Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides Detection(2015-02-26) Amara Apilux; Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya; Virapong Prachayasittikul; Tanawut Tantimongcolwat; Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied TechnologyA dramatic increase in pesticide usage in agriculture highlights the need for on-site monitoring for public health and safety. Here, a paper-based sensor combined with a wet system was developed for the simple and rapid screeningPublication Open Access Natural human Plasmodium infections in major Anopheles mosquitoes in western Thailand(2016) Patchara Sriwichai; Yudthana Samung; Suchada Sumruayphol; Kirakorn Kiattibutr; Chalermpon Kumpitak; Anon Payakkapol; Jaranit Kaewkungwal; Guiyun Yan; Liwang Cui; Jetsumon Sattabongkot; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Vivax Research Unitpotential vector species all displayed apparent seasonality in relative abundance. While An. minimus s.l. was collected through the entire year, its abundance peaked in the season immediately after the wet season. In comparison, An. maculatus s.l. numbers... showed a major peak during the wet season. The two potential vector species, An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l., both showed peak abundance during the transition from wet to dry season. Moreover, An. minimus s.l. was more abundant in indoorPublication Open Access Kinetic properties and stability of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB5 and its potential for cofactor regeneration(2015) Thunyarat Pongtharangkul; Pattra Chuekitkumchorn; Nhuengtida Suwanampa; Panwajee Payongsri; Kohsuke Honda; Watanalai Panbangred; Mahidol University. Faculty of Science. Department of BiotechnologyGlucose dehydrogenases (GluDH) from Bacillus species offer several advantages over other NAD(P)H regeneration systems including high stability, inexpensive substrate, thermodynamically favorable reaction and flexibility to regenerate both NADH... tolerance towards n-hexane and its respective alcohols. The productivity of GluDH obtained in this study (8.42 mg-GluDH/g-wet cells; 1035 U/g-wet cells) was among the highest productivity reported for recombinant E. coli. With its low KM-value towardsPublication Open Access Effects of climate variability on monthly growth of Aglaia Odoratissima and Hydnocarpus Ilicifolia at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS), Northeastern Thailand(2015) Kritsadapan Palakit; Khwanchai Duangsathaporn; Somkid Siripatanadilok; Pichit Lumyai; Kritsadapan Palakit; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource StudiesThe research objective was to investigate effects of climate variability on monthly growth of Aglaia odoratissima and Hydnocarpus ilicifolia which are the dominant tree species in lower canopies of dry evergreen forest and generally found at the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station (SERS), northeastern Thailand. For one year of the investigation, monthly data of tree leaf phenology, inside bark diameter (IBD) and outside bark diameter (OBD) increments were examined. These data were related to soil moisture content and climatic data of monthly rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. The results showed that leaf phenology of A. odoratissima and H. ilicifolia illustrated leaf maturation throughout the year, while young leaves were abundant in the rainy season and leaf abscission was rarely found throughout the year. The IBD increments of these species on transverse surfaces could be detected throughout the year and the most rapid increments were detected in the rainy season, while OBD increments of both species shrank in the dry season and swelled in the rainy season. Using path analysis (PA), climate variability was found to be significantly related to leaf phenology of A. odoratissima and IBD increments of H. ilicifolia; and it was also significantly related to OBD increments of both species.Publication Open Access The suitability of laboratory‑bred Anopheles cracens for the production of Plasmodium vivax sporozoites(2015) Chiara Andolina; Jordi Landier; Verena Carrara; Chuม Cindy S; Franetich, Jean‑François; Alison Roth; Laurent Rénia; Clémentine Roucher; White, Nick J; Georges Snounou; François Nosten; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unitbatches that were sent from the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chiang Mai, to the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), on wet filter paper in sealed Petri dishes. From May 2013 to December 2014, P. vivax-infected bloodPublication Open Access Microgeography and molecular epidemiology of malaria at the Thailand-Myanmar border in the malaria pre-elimination phase(2015) Parker, Daniel M.; Matthews, Stephen A.; Guiyun Yan; Guofa Zhou; Lee, Ming-Chieh; Jeeraphat Sirichaisinthop; Kirakorn Kiattibutr; Qi Fan; Peipei Li; Jetsumon Sattabongkot; Liwang Cui; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Vivax Research Unitcases in a study village along the Thailand–Myanmar border. Methods: Three mass blood surveys were conducted during the study period (July and December 2011, and May 2012) and were matched to a cohort-based demographic surveillance system. Blood slides... citizens. Cases also appeared to cluster near a major drainage system and year–round water source within the study village. Conclusion: This research indicates that many cases of malaria remain undiagnosed in the region. The spatial and demographicPublication Open Access Temporal trends in severe malaria in Chittagong, Bangladesh(2012) Maude, Richard James; Hasan, Mahtab Uddin; Hossain, Md Amir; Sayeed, Abdullah Abu; Paul, Sanjib Kanti; Waliur Rahman; Maude, Rapeephan Rattanawongnara; Nidhi Vaid; Aniruddha Ghose; Robed Amin; Rasheda Samad; Yunus, Emran Bin; Rahman, M Ridwanur; Bangali, Abdul M; Hoque, M Gofranul; White, Nicholas J; White, Lisa J; Dondorp, Arjen M; Faiz, M Abul; Day, Nicholas PJ; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unitand implementation of a referral system for cases requiring additional supportive care could be important contributors to further reducing malaria-attributable disease and death in Bangladesh.Publication Open Access Systematic review and consensus guidelines for environmental sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei(2013-03) Direk Limmathurotsakul; ดิเรก ลิ้มมธุรสกุล; Dance, David A. B.; Vanaporn Wuthiekanun; Kaestli, Mirjam; Mayo, Mark; Warner, Jeffrey; Wagner, David M.; Apichai Tuanyok; Wertheim, Heiman; Cheng, Tan Yoke; Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay; Puthucheary, Savithiri; Day,Nicholas P. J.; Steinmetz, Ivo; Currie, Bart J.; Peacock, Sharon J.; Direk Limmathurotsakul; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Tropical Hygiene; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBACKGROUND: Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Tier 1 Select Agent and the cause of melioidosis, is a Gram-negative bacillus present in the environment in many tropical countries. Defining the global pattern of B. pseudomallei distribution underpins efforts to prevent infection, and is dependent upon robust environmental sampling methodology. Our objective was to review the literature on the detection of environmental B. pseudomallei, update the risk map for melioidosis, and propose international consensus guidelines for soil sampling. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: An international working party (Detection of Environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei Working Party (DEBWorP)) was formed during the VIth World Melioidosis Congress in 2010. PubMed (January 1912 to December 2011) was searched using the following MeSH terms: pseudomallei or melioidosis. Bibliographies were hand-searched for secondary references. The reported geographical distribution of B. pseudomallei in the environment was mapped and categorized as definite, probable, or possible. The methodology used for detecting environmental B. pseudomallei was extracted and collated. We found that global coverage was patchy, with a lack of studies in many areas where melioidosis is suspected to occur. The sampling strategies and bacterial identification methods used were highly variable, and not all were robust. We developed consensus guidelines with the goals of reducing the probability of false-negative results, and the provision of affordable and 'low-tech' methodology that is applicable in both developed and developing countries. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed consensus guidelines provide the basis for the development of an accurate and comprehensive global map of environmental B. pseudomallei.Publication Open Access Vegetables from the mangrove areas(2002-06) Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara; Vimol Srisukh; Aranya Jutiviboonsuk; Prapinsara Sornlek; Wilaiwan Thongbainoi; Wongsatit Chuakul; Fong, Harry H.S.; Pezzuto, John M.; Kosmeder, Jerry; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySurvey of the mangrove areas in Nakorn Srithammarat and Trang provinces found 33 species of edible plants. We attempted to evaluate the nutritional and medical values of these plants. Due to the seasonal availability and unpleasant taste of the plants, only 20 samples of 19 plants were analyzed for their nutritional values: the water content, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, ash, carbohydrate contents, along with the calcium content. Among these edible plants, Rhizophora mucronata Poir contained the highest dietary fiber and calcium contents; several other plants were rich in dietary fiber and calcium as well. The medical values of the plants were based on the antioxidant, lipid peroxidation and cancer chemoprevention. The pods of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny showed strong quinone reductase inhibition. Further studies on isolation of active components are being carried out.Publication Open Access Malaria ecology along the Thailand– Myanmar border(2015) Parker, Daniel M.; Carrara, Verena I; Sasithon Pukrittayakamee; Rose McGready; Nosten, François H.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit. This article offers an ecological perspective on the malaria situation along the Thailand–Myanmar border. Discussion: This border region is long (2000 km), mountainous, and the environment ranges from thick forests to growing urban settlements and wet-rice