12 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
Item Open Access RAMA Economy Gas Sampling line(2561) นพดล ผ่องฉวี; อำนาจ พานเงิน; Noppadon Phongchawi; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะแพทยศาสตร์โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดีค่าของคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ในช่วงลมหายใจออก (End-tidal CO2)หมายถึงการวัดค่าความเข้มข้นของ CO2 ในลมหายใจที่ขณะหายใจออกสุด ประโยชน์สำหรับการติดตามค่าของ End-tidal CO2ได้แก่ ช่วยควบคุมการช่วยหายใจให้อยู่ในภาวะสมดุล (adequate ventilation) ช่วยในการพยากรณ์โรคหรือภาวะสำคัญ เช่น ในระหว่างการช่วยฟื้นคืนชีพ (CPR) โดยที่ค่า End-tidal CO2 สามารถประเมินประสิทธิภาพของการทำ CPR ได้ รวมถึงการติดตามค่า End-tidal CO2ในระหว่างการเคลื่อนย้ายผู้ป่วย เป็นต้น แต่เนื่องด้วยอุปกรณ์สำหรับการวัดค่า End-tidal CO2 ต้องสั่งซื้อและนำเข้ามาจากต่างประเทศและอุปกรณ์มีราคาค่อนข้างสูงดังนั้นเมื่อจำนวนผู้ป่วยที่มารับบริการการระงับความรู้สึกแบบทั้งตัวมีจำนวนที่เพิ่มมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ จึงจำเป็นต้องใช้อุปกรณ์การวัดค่า End-tidal CO2 จำนวนที่เพิ่มขึ้น เพื่อเพิ่มคุณภาพในการดูแลผู้ป่วยขณะเข้ารับบริการทางวิสัญญPublication Open Access Toward an historical demography of Thailand(2012-01) Amornrat Bunnag; Rossarin Soothipong Gray; Peter Xenos; Chai Podhisita; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchIn this paper we review the rapidly changing field of historical demography, outlining how the field has advanced over the last seven decades or so, particularly with respect to methodologies, and pointing to the contributions the field has made to social history. Then we turn to the social and economic history of Siam and review what is known from existing studies of Siam's historical population trends. We indicate why demography is central to historical social change in Southeast Asia generally and in Siam in particular. In light of its importance in Siam's social and economic history, we consider why so little empirical historical demography has been carried out. Finally, we provide an overview of materials in the nation's historical collections that might provide a basis for an historical demography for Thailand.Item Open Access Santi Asoke Buddhism and the Occupation of Bangkok International Airport.(2010) Marja-Leena Heikkilä-Horn; Mahidol University. Mahidol University International College. Social Sciences DivisionThailand experienced dramatic political turmoil from February 2006 to November 2008 culminating in the occupation of the Bangkok International Airport. The demonstrations were organized by People’s Assembly for Democracy (PAD). One of the leaders of the PAD was Major-General Chamlong Srimuang, who is an active member of the Buddhist Santi Asoke group. The group is controversial as it is not under the state Buddhist authorities and it has implicitly criticised the Thai state Buddhist monks for corruption. Hundreds of monks, nuns and lay people of Santi Asoke Buddhist group participated in the demonstrations. They were known as the “Dharma Army” and there was widespread criticism both in the Thai and international media against Santi Asoke monks taking part in political activities, as monks allegedly are not supposed to get involved in politics. This paper aims to argue that monks have always been involved in politics, not only in Sri Lanka, Burma, Vietnam and Tibet, but also in Thailand.To ban the monks from voicing their opinion in secular affairs serves the political and economic interests of the ruling elites, who fear the influence the monks have on the ordinary people. The paper presents a short analysis of the Santi Asoke Buddhist group and argues that the group cannot be seen as a monolithic entity, but as an amalgamation of at least three subgroups, which will be called spiritual, agricultural and political. Representatives of all the three subgroups participated in the demonstrations albeit with differing intensity.Publication Open Access Buddhist Temple: the well-being space for the aged in Thailand(2012-01) Kwanchit Sasiwongsaroj; Saowapa Pornsiripongse; Yongyuth Burasith; Patcharin Ketjamnong; Nutarat Koosakulrat; Mahidol University. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asiawill be the “oldest” region in the world. Adverse effects from a rapidly aging population on society and economy are evident; therefore, policy options are being created to deal with these problems. Nevertheless alternative solutions are still needed. As AsiaItem Open Access Annual Report 2018 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University(2019) Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Resource StudiesItem Open Access Annual Report 2011 College of Management Mahidol University(2012) Mahidol University. College of ManagementPublication Open Access Comparison of Carbon Footprint of Organic and Conventional Farming of Chinese Kale(2019) Monthira Yuttitham; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Resource StudiesThis study compared the carbon footprint (CF) of organic agriculture with that of conventional agriculture in the cultivation of Chinese kale. The farm management data collected included the use of chemical and organic fertilizers, and fossil fuel for tillage, irrigation and transportation. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) were calculated and added to the CF. The results showed that conventional agriculture had a CF of 0.402±0.47 kg CO2e/kg Chinese kale. Proportion of CFs from: chemical fertilizer (51%), transportation (21%), irrigation (19%), tillage (5%), organic fertilizer (2%), herbicide (1%) and insecticide (1%), and organic agriculture had a CF of 0.195±0.122 kg carbon dioxide CO2e/kg Chinese kale (proportion of CFs from: transportation (81%) organic fertilizer (12%) and fossil fuel for irrigation (7%). The CFs differed, depending on farm management, and that of conventional agriculture was almost double that of organic agriculture because of the higher emissions from use of chemical fertilizers and of fossil fuel for tillage, herbicide and insecticide applications. The conventional farm management led to higher production per unit of planted area. Thus, it seems that conventional farming has relatively higher CF than organic farming. There is still room for both management practices to reduce their GHG emissions and their CFs by reduce chemical fertilizer and fossil fuel use in conventional farming. The promotion of organic farming practices will help to improve sustainable, environmentally friendly agricultural production of Chinese kale in Thailand.Publication Open Access Factors Associated with Contraceptive Practice among Hmong Hill Tribe Women in Nan Province(2016) Punpaporn Srirai; Somsak Suthutvoravut; พรรณปพร ศรีหร่าย; สมศักดิ์ สุทัศน์วรวุฒิ; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBackground: Hill tribe women in Thailand still have high crude birth rate with low rate of contraceptive use. This leads to poor quality of life and poor societal development. Objective: To study the rate and factors associated with contraceptive practice among Hmong hill tribe women in Nan Province, Thailand. Methods: This research is a cross sectional survey study. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire from 284 married Hmong hill tribe women aged 15-44 years old. Results: We noted 56% of the Hmong hill tribe women of reproductive age used contraceptives; 41.6% used modern methods, while 14.4% used traditional methods. By univariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with contraceptive practice included age, income, easy accessibility to the contraceptive services, cheap contraceptive service, receiving advice from health personnel, satisfaction of contraceptive services, ever attended education class of contraception and ability to advice other people about contraception. When multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, age, easy accessibility to the contraceptive services and satisfaction with contraceptive services were independently associated with contraceptive use. Conclusions: Rate of contraceptive practice among Hmong hill tribe women of reproductive age in Nan Province was still low and significantly associated with accessibility, understanding and attitude toward contraception and satisfaction with service which enable them to advise others people about contraception. Thus, contraceptive service should be actively improved and developed which included education and promotion of knowledge of contraception to the Hmong Hill tribe women.Publication Open Access Effectiveness of Domperidone in Augmenting Breastmilk Production Measured by Manual Expression in Postpartum Women in Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital(2018) Maneenin Wannapat; Somsak Suthutvoravut; Sawittri Suwikrom; มณีนิล วรรณพัฒน์; สมศักดิ์ สุทัศน์วรวุฒิ; สาวิตรี สุวิกรม; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBackground: Breastmilk is the ideal food for infants. Domperidone was found to increase breastmilk production but its use is still controversial. Most of the studies used electric breast pump to collect breastmilk. However, manual expression of breastmilk has some advantages over electric breast pump. Objective: To study effectiveness of domperidone in increasing breastmilk production among postpartum women by using manual expression to collect breastmilk. Methods: This study recruited 50 postpartum women who had term spontaneous normal vaginal delivery in Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital from September 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015. The participants were randomly assigned to receive domperidone or placebo, 25 women in each group. Drugs were first given to postpartum women at 24 hours after delivery. Breastmilk was collected by manually expression at 24 hours after delivery before receiving drugs, then at 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours after delivery. Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for hypothesis testing and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The median volume of breastmilk in both groups at 24 hours after delivery and before receiving drugs were 2 milliliters in domperidone group and 1 milliliter in placebo group. Breastmilk median volume increased in both groups afterwards. At 48 hours after delivery, the volumes were 8 and 3 milliliters in domperidone and placebo group respectively. At 72 hours, the volumes were 15 and 10 milliliters, at 96 hours, the volumes were 35 and 15 milliliters in groups respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no side effect of domperidone among the postpartum women in the domperidone group. Conclusion: Domperidone effectively increased more breastmilk production measured by manual expression than placebo.Publication Open Access Factors Associated With the Use of Subdermal Etonogestrel Implants Among Postpartum Primipara Adolescents(2018) Watcharee Rueankhong; Somsak Suthutvoravut; Jirat Tangthitiwong; วัชรี เรือนคง; สมศักดิ์ สุทัศน์วรวุฒิ; จิรัตน์ ตั้งฐิตวงศ์; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Health Promotion Center 13Background: In Thailand, there has been a high incidence of adolescent pregnancy which leads to major public health and socioeconomic problems such as unplanned pregnancy, induced abortion and negative impacts on the health of the mothers and newborns. Contraception among adolescents is so important that it can prevent those problem, especially subdermal etonogestrel implant which are recommended to be effective and suitable for adolescents. Objective: To study the rate of use and factors associated with the use of subdermal etonogestrel implants among postpartum primipara adolescents in Saraburi province. Methods: This study is an observational descriptive research. The population were 106 primipara adolescents at 4 - 6 weeks postpartum period at three hospitals in Saraburi province (ie, Saraburi Hospital, Pra-putabat Hospital, and Banmoh Hospital). Data was collected by interviewing postpartum primipara adolescents from March 21, 2016, to June 30, 2016. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics which included frequency, percentage, mean and stranded deviation. Test of hypothesis was done by chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis with the significant level at P < 0.05. Results: Among 106 postpartum primipara adolescents, 93.4% used contraceptives (31.1% used subdermal etonogestrel implant; 62.3% used other reversible contraceptions [eg, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, oral contraceptions and condoms]), and 6.6% used no contraception. By univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with the use of implant among primipara adolescents included age of primipara adolescents, age of husband, expense, convenience of use, side effects, application pain, duration of contraception and medical personnel’s recommendation. When multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, only four factors were significantly associated with the use of implant. The most significant factor was medical personnel’s recommendation. The other significant factors were expense, age of husband and duration of contraception. Conclusion: Most of primipara adolescents at 4 - 6 weeks postpartum period in Saraburi province used contraceptives. Subdermal etonogestrel implants was the second most common contraceptive used. The most important factor for the use of implant was medical personnel’s advice which emphasized on the use of implants in order to prevent unplanned pregnancy among adolescents.