Browsing by Author "Showa University"
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Publication Metadata only Antidiabetic effects of Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) corner heartwood extract(2019-01-01) Savita Chewchinda; Nantakarn Leakaya; Hitoshi Sato; Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Showa University; Mahidol University© 2019 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University Background and aim: Maclura cochinchinensis (MC) (Lour.) heartwood extract have been used traditionally to treat diabetes in Thailand, but their mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Experimental procedure: This study investigated the effects of an aqueous heartwood extract of MC on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Moreover, its antidiabetic effect was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 28-day administration to streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Results: In both OGTT and the daily oral administration for 28 days in STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic mice models, the extract (1,000 mg/kg) significantly decreased fasting blood glucose. This hypoglycemic effect was explained by increased insulin levels and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50:1.53 ± 0.03 μg/mL). Conclusion: This first study on the hypoglycemic activity of MC heartwood extract indicates that it could be a potential natural remedy for type 2 diabetes.Publication Metadata only Antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from dried calyx of hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (roselle) in vitro using rat low-density lipoprotein (LDL)(2005-03-01) Vilasinee Hirunpanich; Anocha Utaipat; Noppawan Phumala Morales; Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara; Hitoshi Sato; Angkana Herunsalee; Chuthamanee Suthisisang; Mahidol University; Showa University; Thailand Ministry of Public HealthThe present study quantitatively investigated the antioxidant effects of the aqueous extracts from dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa LINN, (roselle) in vitro using rat low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Formations of the conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were monitored as markers of the early and later stages of the oxidation of LDL, respectively. Thus, we demonstrated that the dried calyx extracts of roselle exhibits strong antioxidant activity in Cu2+-mediated oxidation of LDL (p<0.05) in vitro. The inhibitory effect of the extracts on LDL oxidation was dose-dependent at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 mg/ml. Moreover, 5 mg/ml of roselle inhibited TBARs-formation with greater potency than 100 μm of vitamin E. In conclusion, this study provides a quantitative insight into the potent antioxidant effect of roselle in vitro. © 2005 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.Publication Metadata only Comparison of adverse events following injection of original or generic docetaxel for the treatment of breast cancer(2017-10-01) Nao Tagawa; Erika Sugiyama; Masataka Tajima; Yasutsuna Sasaki; Seigo Nakamura; Hiromi Okuyama; Hisanori Shimizu; Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Tadanori Sasaki; Hitoshi Sato; Showa University; Mahidol University© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. Purpose: The approval of injectable generic drugs does not require bioequivalence testing. However, although generic products contain the same level of the active compound, the levels and types of additives present can differ from those used in the original product. Since docetaxel is highly lipophilic, polysorbate 80 (PS80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ethyl alcohol are employed to solubilize this anticancer agent. This retrospective study compared the safety of five docetaxel products (Taxotere®, Docetaxel Hospira, Docetaxel Sandoz, Docetaxel Sawai, and Docetaxel EE). Methods: The incidence and severity of adverse events were analyzed using the medical records of operable breast cancer patients (n = 363) treated with docetaxel (75 mg/m2) in Showa University Hospital, Japan, from Jan 2013 to Mar 2016. Toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Results: Significant product-related differences were observed in the following non-hematological adverse events: injection site reaction (P = 0.0012), hand-foot syndrome (≥grade 3) (P = 0.0003), and oral mucositis (≥grade 3) (P = 0.0080). Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between these adverse events and the total additive administered (g/m2) identified significant negative effects of PS80 and ethyl alcohol. Conclusions: Injectable docetaxel products had different adverse event profiles, which showed negative associations with the amounts of PS80 and ethyl alcohol present. This finding indicated that there might be additive-related pharmacokinetic and physiochemical differences among these products, suggesting a need for further pre- or post-approval testing of injectable generic products containing noticeable different levels of additives.Publication Metadata only Comparison of Antioxidant and a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities in Different Cultivars of Five Mango (Mangi fera Indica L.) Leaf Extracts(2021-01-01) Savita Chewchinda; Orasa Suriyaphan; Pimpikar Kanchanadumkerng; Hitoshi Sato; Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Showa University; Mahidol UniversityThe objectives of study were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, mangiferin content and antidiabetic activities of five young mango cultivars leaf extract, namely, ‘Apple’, ‘Nam Dok Mai’, ‘Bao’, ‘Ok-Rong’ and ‘Kiew Savoey’. Antioxidant effect was investigated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Inhibitory on α-glucosidase activity and type of enzyme inhibition were evaluated by using Lineweaver Burk plot analysis. Mangiferin, major active compound, was quantified by HPTLC method. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic effect was determined using streptozotocin (STZ) –nicotinamide (NA) -induced type 2 diabetic mice. Young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity in all assays. Moreover, it contains highest amounts of total phenolic and mangiferin to the values of 311 mg GAE/g extract and 197 mg/g extract, respectively. It possessed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.50 µg/mL. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis demonstrated a non-competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase activity with the inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.98 µg/mL. Co-administration of young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract at dose of 1,000 mg/kg significantly reduced the total blood glucose level by 13.43% in STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic mice when compared with control diabetic mice in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) model. Inhibition of glucose absorption may be one of the possible mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect. In conclusion, young mango cv. ‘Apple’ leaf extract possesses the strongest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities which has a potential to develop as nutraceutical products.Publication Metadata only Effect of protective glasses on radiation dose to eye lenses during whole breast irradiation(2020-11-01) Tokiko Nakamura; Shoichi Suzuki; Kyoichi Kato; Napapong Pongnapang; Naoki Hayashi; Chie Kurokawa; Ikuo Kobayashi; Toru Negishi; Tamaki Matsunami; Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital; Juntendo University; Fujita Health University; Showa University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Fukui; Landauer; Tokyo Metropolitan University© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Objectives: The efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer has greatly improved owing to better irradiation methods. Radiotherapy aims to deliver therapeutic doses to predetermined target volumes while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. However, there are few reports on radiation exposure to eye lenses, and the recommended exposure limits to ocular lens have been substantially reduced in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the amount of radiation exposure to eye lenses using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) and determine whether wearing special protective devices to protect the eyes, as an organ at risk, during whole breast irradiation, is necessary. Methods: This experiment used OSLDs on water-equivalent phantom to measure the change in scattered radiation dose due to the difference of irradiation field while using 4- and 6-MV photons of TrueBeam linear accelerator. Using a total treatment dose of 50 Gy, a target was positioned to approximate the breast, and a plan was formulated to deliver 2 Gy per treatment by tangential irradiation. The mean (SD) irradiation dose at the lens position outside the irradiation field was reported. Results: The scattered radiation dose outside the irradiation field was more affected by the irradiation field size than by the radiation energy. The out-of-field irradiation dose with a larger field of view was higher than that with a smaller field of view. The use of 0.07- and 0.83-mm-thick lead shield protective glasses reduced the radiation dose by 56.1% (P <.001) and 55.6% (P <.001), respectively. Conclusions: In this experimental model, the amount of radiation the eye was exposed to during whole breast irradiation was determined by the distance of the eye from the radiation field edge and by wearing protective glasses. In clinical practice, the protection offered by eyeglasses may reduce the risk of long-term side effects and allow the use of higher intensive radiotherapy.Publication Metadata only Effects of dosing frequency on the clinical efficacy of ampicillin/sulbactam in Japanese elderly patients with pneumonia: A single-center retrospective observational study(2021-04-01) Tomokazu Suzuki; Erika Sugiyama; Kenji Nozawa; Masataka Tajima; Kyoka Takahashi; Masayoshi Yoshii; Hidenori Suzuki; Vilasinee H. Sato; Hitoshi Sato; Japan Community Healthcare Organization; Showa University; FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.; Mahidol UniversityThis study sought to investigate whether dosing frequency (the number of doses per day) affects the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT) in Japanese elderly pneumonia patients treated with ABPC/SBT at 6 g/day. This was a retrospective observational study that included hospitalized elderly patients (aged ≥75 years, 10 ml/min ≤CLcr <50 ml/min) who received 3 g every 12 h (BID; n = 61) or 1.5 g every 6 h (QID; n = 45) for the treatment of pneumonia. The primary endpoint was clinical response, assessed by measuring body temperature, white blood cell count, and C-reactive protein levels. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic simulations were conducted in silico to rationalize the clinical findings. The clinical response rates (extremely effective and effective) in the BID and QID groups were 36.1% and 55.6%, respectively (p =.0459). QID tended to be more effective in patients with gram-negative rods detected (p =.0563). According to the simulated minimum plasma ABPC concentrations at steady state for BID and QID were 2.5 and 7.3 μg/ml, respectively (p <.0001). Based on the simulated time above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), pharmacological (not clinical) efficacy was predicted to be higher with QID. Both groups had similar safety profiles. The main adverse event in both groups was liver damage. The present retrospective survey demonstrated that ABPC/SBT treatment for elderly patients with pneumonia and renal dysfunction was more effective with QID than with BID. Therefore, the QID regimen is worthy of consideration to improve the clinical outcomes of ABPC/SBT therapy in the present patient population.Publication Metadata only Effects of Pyridoxine Deficiency on the Metabolism of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the Rat(1994-01-01) A. Aramphongphan; P. Navasumrit; Y. Kuroiwa; T. Yoshida; N. Frank; M. Ruchirawat; Mahidol University; Chulabhorn Research Institute; Showa University; German Cancer Research CenterThe alteration in the metabolic activation of N-nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA) was investigated in the rat during dietary pyridoxine deficiency. The in vitro metabolism of NDMA by demethylase system was measured in both liver and kidney microsomes. The profile of the kidney enzyme appears similar to that of the liver indicating that at least two forms of isozymes with the low and the high Km's are present. Pyridoxine deficiency significantly increased the activity of NDMA-demthylase of both organs. The increase in the activity of NDMA-demethylase induced by dietary pyridoxine deficiency can be reversed by supplementation of pyridoxine (500μg), i.p., daily for two consecutive days. The increase ia the NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was observed after 6 weeks on pyridoxine-deficient diet. © 1994, Center for Academic Publications Japan. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Endoscopic ultrasound forum summary from the Asian Pacific digestive week 2012(2013-01-01) Pradermchai Kongkam; Benedict M. Devereaux; Ryan Ponnudurai; Thawee Ratanachu-ek; Anand V. Sahai; Takuji Gotoda; Suthep Udomsawaengsup; Jacques Van Dam; Nonthalee Pausawasdi; Somchai Limsrichemrern; Dong Wan Seo; Shomei Ryozawa; Yoshiki Hirooka; Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn; Siyu Sun; Sundeep Punamiya; Takao Itoi; Bancha Ovartlanporn; Ichiro Yasuda; Tiing Leong Ang; Hsiu Po Wang; Khek Yu Ho; Heng Boon Yim; Kenjiro Yasuda; Christopher J.L. Khor; Chulalongkorn University; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Prince Court Medical Centre; Rajavithi Hospital; Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal; Tokyo Medical University; University of Southern California; Mahidol University; Ulsan University; Showa University; Nagoya University Hospital; China Medical University Shenyang; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Prince of Songkla University; Gifu University; Changi General Hospital; National Taiwan University Hospital; National University Hospital, Singapore; Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre; Kyoto Daini Sekijyuji ByoinPublication Metadata only Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in hypercholesterolemic rats(2006-01-16) Vilasinee Hirunpanich; Anocha Utaipat; Noppawan Phumala Morales; Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara; Hitoshi Sato; Angkana Herunsale; Chuthamanee Suthisisang; Mahidol University; Showa University; Thailand Ministry of Public HealthThe present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) with regard to protection of LDL oxidation in vivo and ex vivo in rats made hypercholesterolemic by continuous cholesterol feeding. Administering the dried calyx extracts of roselle at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg together with continuous cholesterol feeding to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks significantly decreased serum cholesterol level by 22% and 26%, respectively (p < 0.001); serum triglycerides level by 33% and 28%, respectively (p < 0.05); serum LDL level by 22% and 32%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, serum HDL level was not affected. LDL was extracted from plasma of the hypercholesterolemic rats and the effects of the dried calyx extracts of roselle on the oxidation of LDL in vivo and ex vivo were examined. Six-week treatment with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extracts significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) formation (p < 0.05) while the formation of conjugated dienes during the oxidation of LDL induced by CuSO4was reduced, but not significantly different. These lines of evidence suggest that the aqueous extracts from the dried calyx of roselle possess both antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation and hypolipidemic effects in vivo. However, its mechanism(s) of action remains to be elucidated. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of the water extract of aquilaria crassna leaves in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic mice(2016-01-01) Suchada Manok; Bunleu Sungthong; Hitoshi Sato; Erika Sugiyama; Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University; Mahasarakham University; Showa University; Mahidol UniversityAntidiabetic effect of the water extract of Aquilaria crassna (A. crassna) leaves was recently claimed by some diabetic patients in Thailand, whereas its experimental evidence has not been published yet. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate pharmacological activities of the water extract of A. crassna leaves, focusing on its antioxidative and hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo using streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetic (DM) mice. An antioxidant activity of the herb extract was confirmed using a 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and its IC50on DPPH inhibition was determined to be 34.6 μg/mL. The extract also inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner with the IC50of 36.3 μg/mL. An enzyme-kinetic analysis using a Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that the inhibition of α-glucosidase by the herb extract is an uncompetitive type with the inhibition constant (Ki) of 39.8 μg/mL. An intragastric pretreatment of 1, 000 mg/kg A. crassna in STZ-NA-induced type-2 DM significantly lowered the blood glucose at 30 and 60 min after an oral loading of 2 g/kg glucose (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), as compared with the untreated-diabetic control. After 4 weeks-daily administration of 500 and 1, 000 mg/kg A. crassna extract, the blood glucose levels were significantly reduced by about 66% and 86%, respectively, as compared with the untreated-diabetic control (p<0.01). However, the expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle, detected by ELISA, was not significantly changed with the herb extract. In conclusion, our findings are the first to clearly demonstrate the hypoglycemic effects of A. crassna and to propose the α-glucosidase inhibition as an antidiabetic mechanism of the herb activity.Publication Metadata only ICON: Chronic rhinosinusitis(2014-01-01) Claus Bachert; Ruby Pawankar; Luo Zhang; Chaweewan Bunnag; Wytske J. Fokkens; Daniel L. Hamilos; Orathai Jirapongsananuruk; Robert Kern; Eli O. Meltzer; Joaquim Mullol; Robert Naclerio; Renata Pilan; Chae Seo Rhee; Harumi Suzaki; Richard Voegels; Michael Blaiss; University Hospital of Ghent; Nippon Medical School; Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology; Mahidol University; Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam; Massachusetts General Hospital; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer - IDIBAPS; University of Chicago; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Showa University; University of Tennessee Health Science Center© 2014 Bachert et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a public health problem that has a significant socio-economic impact. Moreover, the complexity of this disease due to its heterogeneous nature based on the underlying pathophysiology - leading to different disease variants - further complicates our understanding and directions for the most appropriate targeted treatment strategies. Several International/national guidelines/position papers and/or consensus documents are available that present the current knowledge and treatment strategies for CRS. Yet there are many challenges to the management of CRS especially in the case of the more severe and refractory forms of disease. Therefore, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), a collaboration between EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus (ICON) on Chronic Rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this ICON on CRS is to highlight the key common messages from the existing guidelines, the differences in recommendations as well as the gaps in our current knowledge of CRS, thus providing a concise reference. In this document we discuss the definition of the disease, its relevance, pharmacoeconomics, pathophysiology, phenotypes and endotypes, genetics and risk factors, natural history and co-morbidities as well as clinical manifestations and treatment options in both adults and children comprising pharmacotherapy, surgical interventions and more recent biological approaches. Finally, we have also highlighted the unmet needs that wait to be addressed through future research.Publication Metadata only In vivo and in vitro evidence for the antihyperuricemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine, Triphala(2017-01-01) Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Bunleu Sungthong; Narawat Nuamnaichati; Prasob Orn Rinthong; Supachoke Mangmool; Hitoshi Sato; Mahidol University; Mahasarakham University; Showa UniversityThe objectives of the present study were to demonstrate the antihyperuricemic effect of triphala, a formulation of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice in vivo, and to examine its inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase (XOD), inflammatory mediators and DPPH radicals in vitro. The water extract of triphala was determined to contain the total phenolics and total flavonoids of 317.6 ± 9.2 mg GAE/g and 7.73 ± 0.26 mg QE/g, respectively. Oral administrations of triphala significantly reduced the plasma uric acid levels of potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice at doses of 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg, as compared with control (p<0.05). Moreover, both doses of triphala treatments markedly inhibited the formation of uric acid due to inhibition of XOD activity in liver homogenates extracted from the hyperuricemic mice by about 70-80%. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of enzyme-kinetic data showed that triphala exhibited non-competitive inhibition on XOD activity in vitro with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 590 μg/mL. Furthermore, triphala significantly suppressed the mRNA expressions of COX-II, TNF-α and iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, as compared with control (p<0.05), and decreased the expression of TGF-β IC50values for inhibition of DPPH radical formation was calculated to be 21.9 ± 2.50 μg/mL. Antioxidant activities of triphala were determined to be 0.81 ± 0.07 g TEAC/g and 6.78 ± 0.29 mmol/100g, respectively, as assessed by ABTS and FRAP assays. In conclusion, this study provided in vivo and in vitro mechanistic evidence for the antihyperuricemic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of triphala for the first time, rationalizing its therapeutic usage for the treatment of hyperuricemia of gout.Publication Metadata only Peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia(2014-03-01) Chainarong Phalanusitthepha; Haruhiro Inoue; Haruo Ikeda; Hiroki Sato; Chiaki Sato; Chananya Hokierti; Mahidol University; Showa University© Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is one of the alternative treatment for achalasia. Due to concept of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), it becomes popular and widely accepted. With the endoluminal technique, submucosal tunnel was created followed by endoscopic myotomy. POEM is not only indicated in classical achalasia but also other abnormal esophageal motility disorders. Moreover, failures of endoscopic treatment or surgical attempted cases are not contraindicated for POEM. The second attempted POEM is also safe and technically feasible. Even though the legend of success of POEM is fruitful, the possible complications are very frightened. Good training and delicate practice will reduce rate of complications. This review provides a summary of current state-of-the-art of POEM, including indication equipments, technique and complications. This perfect procedure may become the treatment of choice of achalasia and some esophageal motility disorders in the near future.Publication Metadata only Pharmacological effects of chatuphalatika in hyperuricemia of gout(2018-01-01) Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Bunleu Sungthong; Prasob Orn Rinthong; Narawat Nuamnaichati; Supachoke Mangmool; Savita Chewchida; Hitoshi Sato; Showa University; Mahidol University; Mahasarakham University© 2018 The Author(s). Context: Chatuphalatika (CTPT), is a Thai herbal formulation mixture of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia belerica Linn. (Combretaceae), T. chebula and the fruit of T. arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. CTPT is considered to exert anti-inflammatory and antihyperuricemic effects, but there have been no reports to demonstrate these pharmacological effects in a quantitative manner. Objectives: To investigate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antihyperuricemic effects of CTPT. Materials and methods: Antioxidant activities of CTPT extracts were measured in vitro by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, and anti-inflammatory effect by measuring inflammatory mediator production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The mechanism of the hypouricemic effect was investigated using oxonate-induced hyperuricemic ddY mice treated with oral administrations of CTPT at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Results: Antioxidant activities of CTPT measured by ABTS and FRAP assays were 1.35 g TEAC/g extract and 10.3mmol/100 g extract, respectively. IC50 for the inhibition of DPPH radical was 13.8 µg/mL. CTPT (10 µg/mL) significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics showed that CTPT inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in a noncompetitive manner with the Ki of 576.9 µg/mL. Oral administration of CTPT (1000 mg/kg) significantly suppressed uric acid production by inhibiting hepatic XOD activity, and decreased plasma uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice by approximately 40% (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated for the first time the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antihyperuricemic effects of CTPT in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a possibility of using CTPT for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout.Publication Metadata only The selective cytotoxicity of silver thiosulfate, a silver complex, on MCF-7 breast cancer cells through ROS-induced cell death(2021-06-01) Akira Ota; Masataka Tajima; Kazunori Mori; Erika Sugiyama; Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato; Hitoshi Sato; Showa University; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Silver is a transition metal that is known to be less toxic than platinum. However, only few studies have reported the anticancer effects of some silver complexes and their possibility as an alternative to platinum complex. This study investigated the anticancer effects of the silver thiosulfate complex (STS), [Ag(S2O3)2]3−, consisting of silver and sodium thiosulfate. Methods: In vitro cytotoxic activity of STS was investigated comparatively in human cancer cell lines (K562 and MCF-7) and normal human cells (mesenchymal stem cells and mammary epithelial cells). For its anticancer effects, cell cycle, mode of cell death, morphological changes, and accumulation of intracellular ROS and GSH were evaluated in MCF-7 to provide mechanistic insights. Results: STS showed a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell, which was abolished by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, suggesting ROS accumulation by STS. Moreover, STS caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, decrease in the GSH levels, and morphological changes in MCF-7. Direct measurement of ROS demonstrated the elevation of intracellular ROS accumulation in cancer cells treated with STS; however, neither cytotoxicity nor ROS accumulation was observed in normal human cells. Conclusion: The results obtained here are the first evidence to show that STS exhibited an anticancer activity through ROS-induced mechanisms, and that its cytotoxicity is highly selective to cancer cells. The results of the present study warrant further investigation on the detailed mechanism of STS actions, as well as its in vivo effectiveness and safety for clinical application.Publication Metadata only Simultaneous measurement of patient dose and distribution of indoor scattered radiation during digital breast tomosynthesis(2019-02-01) T. Nakamura; S. Suzuki; Y. Takei; I. Kobayashi; N. Pongnapang; K. Kato; Showa University; Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare; Mahidol University; Landauer; Daido Hospital© 2018 The College of Radiographers Introduction: Breast cancer incidence increases from the age of 30 years. As this age range coincides with that in which women usually pursue pregnancy, undergoing medical examinations for conditions such as breast cancer is a concern, especially when pregnancy is uncertain during the first eight weeks. Moreover, in this age range, breast often exhibits a high density, thus compromising diagnosis. For such density, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) provides a more accurate diagnosis than 2D mammography given its higher sensitivity and specificity. However, radiation exposure increases during DBT, and it should be determined. Methods: We determined the entrance surface dose, scattered radiation dose, and average glandular dose (AGD), which can be mutually compared following an international protocol. Using our proposed method, the distribution of scattered radiation can be easily and quickly obtained with a minor load to the equipment. Then, we can determine the indoor scattered radiation and surface dose on patients during DBT. Results: We obtained a maximum AGD of 2.32 mGy. The scattered radiation was distributed over both sides with maximum of approximately 40 μGy, whereas the maximum dose around the eye was approximately 10 μGy. Conclusion: By measuring doses using the proposed method, a correct dose information can be provided for patients to mitigate their concerns about radiation exposure. Although the obtained doses were low, their proper management is still required. Overall, the results from this study can help to enhance dose management for patients and safety management regarding indoor radiation.
