Publication: Vitamin d and rheumatic diseases: A review of clinical evidence
Issued Date
2021-10-01
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ISSN
14220067
16616596
16616596
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2-s2.0-85116110336
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Mahidol University
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SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Vol.22, No.19 (2021)
Suggested Citation
Nipith Charoenngam Vitamin d and rheumatic diseases: A review of clinical evidence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Vol.22, No.19 (2021). doi:10.3390/ijms221910659 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/76011
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Title
Vitamin d and rheumatic diseases: A review of clinical evidence
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Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also considered an immunomodulatory agent that regulates innate and adaptive immune sys-tems. The aim of this narrative review is to provide general concepts of vitamin D for the skeletal and immune health, and to summarize the mechanistic, epidemiological, and clinical evidence on the relationship between vitamin D and rheumatic diseases. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated the association between a low level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and the presence and severity of several rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), spondyloarthropathies, and osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the specific benefits of vitamin D supplements for the treatment and prevention of rheumatic diseases are less accepted as the results from randomized clinical trials are inconsistent, although some conceiv-able benefits of vitamin D for the improvement of disease activity of RA, SLE, and OA have been demonstrated in meta-analyses. It is also possible that some individuals might benefit from vitamin D differently than others, as inter-individual difference in responsiveness to vitamin D supplementa-tion has been observed in genomic studies. Although the optimal level of serum 25(OH)D is still debatable, it is advisable it is advisable that patients with rheumatic diseases should maintain a serum 25(OH)D level of at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) to prevent osteomalacia, secondary osteoporosis, and fracture, and possibly 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to achieve maximal benefit from vitamin D for immune health and overall health.