Scopus 2024
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/86505
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Item Metadata only Human-Robot Interaction in Biopsy Procedures: A Biomimetic Dual-Sheath Needle Design Inspired by Insect Ovipositor Mechanics(2024-01-01) Sivaraman D.; Pillai B.M.; Suthakorn J.; Ongwattanakul S.; Sivaraman D.; Mahidol UniversityThis chapter presents a novel bioinspired dual-sheath needle design for precise targeting and tissue sampling in biopsy procedures within a human-robot interaction framework, inspired by the remarkable ovipositors of insects, such as wood and ichneumon wasps. Through comprehensive modeling techniques such as the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory, and experimental vali-dations, biomimetic needle mechanics and kinematics are thoroughly investigated. Simulations evaluated the potential of this approach to improve targeting accuracy, reduce tissue trauma, and optimize procedural outcomes in robot-assisted biopsy interventions. The bioinspired dual-sheath design presents an innovative solution for precise and minimally invasive biopsy sampling by leveraging biomimicry and human-robot interactions.Item Metadata only Numerical Study of Electric Field and Temperature Distribution of Fermented Pork Sausage in Domestic Microwave Oven(2024-01-01) Keangin P.; Srimuang W.; Niamnara T.; Rattanadecho P.; Keangin P.; Mahidol UniversityThe fermented pork sausage (Sai Krok Isan) is a popular local food in Thailand. The fermented sausage is made by mixing steamed rice, pork, and various seasonings, so it must be cooked before eating. The cooking method for fermented pork sausage is usually grilling. The problem of grilling is can cause the outer surface to be cooked before the inner surface. Therefore, microwave heating is an option to solve this problem. Because microwaves can penetrate the inner surface, causing the inside of the food to heat before the outside. The cooked temperature of pork is 72 °C. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) simulation of microwave heating of the fermented pork sausage is performed, and use finite element method (FEM) in Maxwell's equation and heat transfer equation to study the effects of the microwave power inputs (25 W, 50 W and 100 W) and the heating times (60 s, 180 s and 360 s) on the cooked temperature of fermented pork sausage in domestic microwave oven. It is found that when the microwave power input increases, the temperature value increases. Similarly, as heating time increases, the temperature value also increases. It is found that using the microwave power input of 100 W and heating time of 180 s and 360 s has a temperature of more than 72 °C, which indicates that the fermented pork sausage is cooked. The simulation results of this study can be used to develop and design microwave heating in fermented pork sausage or other foods.Item Metadata only A Computational Analysis of 3D Breast Tissue Model to Simulate Thermal Effects and Tissue Damage due to Microwave Ablation(2024-01-01) Keangin P.; Taypongsak C.; Srimuang W.; Niamnara T.; Rattanadecho P.; Keangin P.; Mahidol UniversityBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and significantly impacts both the physical and mental health of women. However, there are many methods of cancer treatment, and one popular method is microwave ablation. Microwave ablation is a cancer treatment that uses microwave energy to treat cancer cells, by delivering microwave energy through an antenna to the target tissue. Microwave energy generates heat, which destroys the cancer cells. The temperature that can destroy cancer cells is over 50 °C. However, the microwave ablation treatment of breast cancer has ethical limitations. This study examines the use of microwave energy for breast cancer treatment with computer simulation by finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model that describes the electromagnetic wave propagation within the breast tissue with Maxwell's equation and the heat generated in the breast tissue from the electromagnetic wave is described by Bioheat equation. This study investigates the effects of the types of microwave antennas, microwave powers, and microwave frequencies for 5 min during microwave ablation. The results show that the ability to destroy cancerous tissue in the breast tissue depends on the types of microwave antennas, microwave powers, and microwave frequencies used. The case with the highest damaged volume in breast tissue is the case of using a double slot microwave antenna, microwave power of 20 W, and microwave frequency of 1800 MHz. The findings from this study can be further developed for microwave ablation treatment in other organs.Item Metadata only Influence of Different Drying Methods of Centella Asiatica Leaf on Drying Kinetics, Specific Energy Consumption, and Equivalent Carbon Dioxide Emissions(2024-01-01) Chawengwanicha P.; Keangin P.; Chawengwanicha P.; Mahidol UniversityCentella asiatica (CA) is a medicinal herb with diverse health benefits. Drying is crucial for preserving its quality and bioactive compounds. However, different drying methods can significantly impact drying kinetics, specific energy consumption (SEC), and equivalent carbon dioxide emissions. The effects of various drying methods on CA leaves, focusing on drying kinetics, specific energy consumption, and equivalent carbon dioxide emissions, are investigated. The different drying methods include hot air drying, freeze drying, and microwave drying are selected. The initial mass of fresh CA leaves is controlled equally of all drying methods. The drying kinetics are determined by observed sample weight throughout the experiment. SEC is obtained via an electrical power monitor for each method based on actual electrical energy used. The equivalent carbon dioxide emissions are assessed by considering the energy consumption. The obtained results reveal that microwave drying method led to the fastest drying and the lowest SEC and equivalent carbon dioxide emissions. These findings enable researchers to develop efficient and sustainable drying practices for CA leaves, ensuring the preservation of its medicinal properties while minimizing environmental impact.Item Metadata only Octanoic Acid and Decanoic Acid Inhibit Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells(2024-01-01) Sukketsiri W.; Tipmanee V.; Rungruang P.; Higashihara M.; Sumi T.; Moriyama T.; Zaima N.; Sukketsiri W.; Mahidol UniversityER stress is a crucial factor in the progression of vascular cell diseases. Notably, octanoic acid (OA; C8:0) and decanoic acid (DA; C10:0), prominent components of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), may provide potential health benefits. However, their effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain unknown. Given the link between ER stress and vascular cell pathological conditions, the primary goal of this research is to investigate the protective effects of OA and DA against ER stress induction in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). To achieve this objective, RASMCs were pretreated with OA and DA at concentrations of 250 and 500 μM for 24 h. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to 1 μg/mL of tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, for an additional 24 h. Apoptosis was assessed using DAPI staining, while DCFH2-DA probe was used to measure ROS levels. Furthermore, the gene expression of ER stress markers, such as CHOP, GRP78, ATF4, and eIF2α, as well as contractile markers like αSMA and MYH11, was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the αSMA protein level was measured using immunocytochemistry techniques. The study revealed that OA and DA significantly mitigated cell death caused by tunicamycin, decreased ROS production, and inhibited the gene expression of ER stress markers (CHOP, GRP78, and eIF2α). Notably, OA and DA also inhibited the expression of contractile genes (α-SMA and MYH11) and reduced the number of α-SMA-positive cells in tunicamycin-treated RASMCs. These findings indicate that OA and DA offer protection against ER stress–stimulated cell death and ROS generation in VSMCs, thereby supporting their potential therapeutic applications for safeguarding these cells.Item Metadata only Gunshot Wounds(2024-01-01) Opasanon S.; Chuangsuwanich A.; Opasanon S.; Mahidol UniversityGunshot causes tissue damages by disrupting the tissue, through bleeding, and by permitting entrance of infection. The mechanism of tissue injuries is mixed, blunt, and penetrating trauma injuries. For penetrating trauma, destruction of flesh tissue is due to passing of the bullet through it and the large amount of kinetic energy transferred to the tissue. A high-velocity bullet causes more tissue damage than a low-velocity bullet. The management should include lifesaving, thorough history taking and physical examination and local wound care.Item Metadata only Characterization of hybrid waveguide for Terahertz guidance(2024-11-01) Rattananupong P.; Chitaree R.; Rattananupong P.; Mahidol UniversityIt has been reported that the conventional two-wire waveguide is a good candidate for guiding the Terahertz (THz) wave. However, the waveguide may not be suitable for some practical purposes because of its environmental sensitivity and bulky setup. In this study, we proposed the hybrid waveguide as an alternative THz waveguide. The waveguide structure is mainly composed of transparent dielectric material to a THz wave with a central square of air gap flanked by a pair of copper wires along the waveguide axis. The waveguide is robust due to the mechanical support of the metal wires. At the same time, the dielectric cover can prevent any environmental disturbance that could affect the wave propagation properties. The numerical studies of the proposed waveguide were carried out by commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, which is based on finite element analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid waveguide can provide low loss and low dispersion due to the guidance mechanism of the surface plasmon wave propagation similar to the conventional two-wire structure. Using two identical copper wires with the radii, the air hole width, and the center-to-center distance given as 150, 300, and 600 µm, respectively, results in the linearly polarized THz wave confined within the central square of the air gap. The effective refractive index of the proposed waveguide fundamental mode is 1.34 at the operating frequency of 0.2 THz. In addition, high modal energy is confined, and a low absorption loss is achieved.Item Metadata only A Personal Experience and Technical Approaches in Robotic Pancreatic Surgery—Dedicated to Professor Ningxin Zhou(2024-01-01) Wang Z.; Yiengpruksawan A.; Peng C.; Wang Z.; Mahidol UniversityPancreatic surgery is considered one of the most difficult and complicated fields among general surgery.Item Metadata only In Memory of Professor Zhou Ning Xin(2024-01-01) Yiengpruksawan A.; Peng C.; Yiengpruksawan A.; Mahidol UniversityI first met Professor Zhou in 2009 when he and his team from the Second Artillery Hospital in Beijing visited the USA to learn and observe robotic surgery. Prior to the visit, I was contacted by their sponsor and was asked if I would be willing to host them at our hospital where I could share my robotic experience with them and show them our operating room facility. I learned that Professor Zhou was an extremely well-regarded surgeon in China. He was at the time the second in command of the Second Artillery Hospital in Beijing and a Vice President of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery Society.Item Metadata only Breaking Barriers: Examining Accessibility Research Within the Realm of Engineering Education Between 1986 and 2023(2024-01-01) Narong D.K.; Narong D.K.; Mahidol UniversityExploration of disability representation within engineering education has been limited. There is also a noticeable absence of dedicated reviews on accessibility despite its potential to enhance inclusivity in engineering education. This bibliometric review of research aims to fill the knowledge gap by analyzing 252 Scopus-indexed publications spanning from 1986 to 2023. The descriptive analysis reveals a growing body of literature, primarily contributed by economically developed countries. Citation analysis identifies influential scholars, institutions, and sources, further enriching our understanding and knowledge of this domain. Moreover, keyword co-occurrence analysis uncovers key topics and research themes, including e-learning, assistive technologies, and learning systems and guidelines. Additionally, the study identifies research fronts indicating a shift toward Industry 4.0-related topics focused on promoting user-centered design, inclusion, equity, and accessible education through the use of cognitive technologies, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual learning. This study concludes by discussing notable gaps in the knowledge base and future research opportunities in such areas as curriculum designs, pedagogical approaches, Industry 5.0, and systematic integration of accessibility, ultimately aimed at enhancing inclusive education, enriching the learning experience, and improving learning outcomes for all students regardless of their abilities and backgrounds within engineering education.Item Metadata only Higher education and COVID-19: An adaptive approach in Thailand(2024-06-04) Muangasame K.; Wongkit M.; Muangasame K.; Mahidol UniversityThe aim of this research was to explain the state of higher education in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the adaptive approach adopted within the Thai context. Utilising secondary data from Mahidol University International College and Prince of Songkla University, Trang Campus, and employing content analysis techniques, this research attempted to identify the strategies employed by Thai educational institutions to teach their students, evaluated the effectiveness of these methods in the classroom and explored the notable shifts in the education landscape within the country. Eight key components that led to the adaptive approach were found in this study. In addition, three issues related to the post COVID-19 crisis were elaborated as these had an impact on both instructors and students, namely (1) transition to hybrid learning as the preferred mode of course delivery in the post COVID-19 era, (2) students' educational behaviour after the COVID-19 crisis and (3) the impact of online learning on students' sense of belonging to the university community. The research concludes that the leadership team holds a pivotal role in providing guidance and making well-informed decisions. These decisions should encompass six critical aspects: maintaining situational awareness, ensuring effective communication, fostering collaborative improvisation, making timely decisions and taking appropriate actions, engaging in iterative solution experimentation and utilising technology for consistent messaging. All these aspects are essential for steering the university's path. Establishing a foundation for adaptability enables all stakeholders to implement and evaluate their performance.Item Metadata only Inclusive Ethnic Groups for ASEAN Sustainable Development(2024-01-01) Srichampa S.; Srichampa S.; Mahidol UniversityDiversity among ethnic groups is one element of ASEAN’s identity. Members of ethnic groups are entitled to the same rights as everyone else in each member country. Even though ASEAN is committed to the SDGs, member countries are not on track to achieve many of the 17 SDGs by the year 2030. Ethnic groups are acting as agents, recipients, and beneficiaries of ASEAN government policies, so each member-country should ensure ethnic group participation in policy-making in order that “no one is left behind”. This article presents some of the challenges and opportunities related to the ethnic groups of ASEAN, namely: 1) “Know us, know them”; 2) mother-tongue based instruction to prevent “linguistic genocide”; 3) encouraging ethnic group communities to document their Indigenous knowledge; 4) promoting and learning from the ethnic groups’ local wisdom for sustainable environmental preservation; 5) addressing the challenges and opportunities for the ethnic groups in achieving sustainable development; and 6) recognizing the contributions of ethnic group women as eco-protectors. With vigorous and serious cooperation among stakeholders, positive changes and sustainable development is possible. Moreover, ethnic group diversity and their distinct identities in ASEAN will be maintained, promoted, and strengthened by the affirmative policies of member-country governments. Cultural identity and diversity are applied in this analysis.Item Metadata only Advancing Point-of-Care Diagnosis: A Development of Magnetofluidic Platform(2024-01-01) Srisamrid T.; Avirothanapong J.; Jitnarin P.; Nasongkla N.; Horthongkham N.; Arnin J.; Athamanolap P.; Srisamrid T.; Mahidol UniversityThe development of the point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform presents a significant advancement in modern healthcare, offering enhanced accessibility, speed, and accuracy in detecting various pathogens. The study introduces a POC-magnetofluidic device designed for nucleic acid amplification and detection using target-specific genetic sequencing. By employing isothermal amplification techniques, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the platform would enable rapid and precise on-site testing without the need for extensive laboratory infrastructure. The device needs to achieve high sensitivity and specificity to ensure reliable results. This POC solution represents a transformative approach in molecular diagnostics and represents a significant advancement in microbiology with the potential to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery by enabling timely and accurate pathogen identification across diverse settings.Item Metadata only A Feline Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Sclerosing Fibroplasia in a Scottish Fold Cat: A Case Report(2024-07-01) Chiewcharnvalijkit R.; Chawanlawuthi W.; Chanmongkolpanit K.; Kasantikul T.; Arya N.; Sirivisoot S.; Chatrungruengkul S.; Chatchaisak D.; Chiewcharnvalijkit R.; Mahidol UniversityA 2-year-old intact female Scottish fold cat was presented to the Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, for a right nephrectomy because a renal mass was suspected. During the physical examination, the animal had an intra-abdominal mass with abdominal discomfort. No history of vomiting and diarrhea was reported. The blood chemistry and hematology revealed a markedly low albumin/globulin ratio and mild anemia with normal leukogram. The abdominal ultrasonographic examination and CT scan revealed an intestinal mass at the ileocecocolic junction. The mass was surgically excised, and jejuno-colic anastomosis was performed. Grossly, the mass was firm, very well circumscribed, measured 6×7×5 cm in diameter, and had fairly discrete central areas of tan to white discoloration. Microscopically, the wall of the large intestine was regionally extensively expanded by abundant, dense, thick bands of fibroplasia with associated dense infiltrates of predominant eosinophils, fewer lymphocytes and plasma cells, and multifocal areas of necrosis. Special staining for toluidine blue, Masson’s trichrome, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), and Grocott Gomori methenamine silver stain (GMS) along with immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD20, and KIT was performed to rule out the possibility of infectious disease and other potential neoplasms such as mast cell tumor, lymphoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Taken together, the observed findings were most consistent with feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF). The immunosuppressive drugs were administered: prednisolone 2 mg/kg, orally every 24 hours, and cyclosporine 4.8 mg/kg, orally every 24 hours. The prednisolone dosage was tapered down by 25% every six weeks. There was no evidence of local recurrence detected in 172 days post-operation. In this case, a successful combination of surgical and medical treatment protocols and diagnostic techniques of the FGESF case was presented.Item Metadata only Hybrid Image-Based Motion Tracking and Adaptive Polynomial Kalman Filter for a Bio-Inspired Dual-Sheath Needle System(2024-01-01) Sivaraman D.; Wiratkapun C.; Pillai B.M.; Suthakorn J.; Methachan B.; Nakdhamabhorn S.; Ongwattanakul S.; Sivaraman D.; Mahidol UniversityThis preliminary study investigated sensor-fusion methods for accurate motion estimation in a bio-inspired dual-sheath needle system designed for biopsy applications. The needle system draws inspiration from the segmented dual-sheath mechanism of ovipositors found in Hymenoptera species, which allows controlled and precise movement. The aim is to develop a reliable tracking system for both the needle tip and base, which is essential for accurate needle placement during biopsy procedures. A hybrid tracking approach was used to achieve this, combining image-based tracking of the needle tip with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor for needle-base tracking. An Adaptive Polynomial Kalman Filter (APKF) was applied to improve the motion estimation accuracy. Performance tests on a linear-rail system demonstrated the ability of the developed system to provide accurate and consistent motion estimates. The results suggest that this bio-inspired needle system using sensor fusion and advanced filtering holds promise for use in medical robotics, potentially improving the precision of biopsy procedures.Item Metadata only Real-world usage pattern, effectiveness and safety of oral tramadol/dexketoprofen trometamol fixed-dose combination in moderate-to-severe acute pain in Asia: A prospective, multicentre, observational study(2024-10-17) Ho K.Y.; Gyanwali B.; Dimayuga C.; Eufemio E.M.; Bernardo E.; Raju G.; Chong K.W.; Waithayayothin K.; Ona L.; Castro M.A.L.; Sawaddiruk P.; Salvador R.C.; Roohi S.A.; Tangwiwat S.; Wilairatana V.; Oon Z.H.; Gupta A.; Nagrale D.; Ho K.Y.; Mahidol UniversityObjectives This study aims to determine the usage pattern, effectiveness and safety of oral tramadol 75 mg and dexketoprofen trometamol 25 mg fixed-dose combination (TRAM/DKP FDC) in the short-term treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain in real-world clinical practice in Asia. Design Real-world, prospective, multicentre, observational, phase IV study. Setting 13 tertiary-care hospital sites across the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. Participants Adult patients aged 18-80 years prescribed TRAM/DKP FDC for the short-term (up to 5 days) treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain. Main outcome measures Primary endpoints were the proportion of patients prescribed TRAM/DKP FDC with different types of postsurgical and non-surgical treatments, and the average dosing frequency and duration of TRAM/DKP FDC treatment. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving ≥30% pain reduction at 8 hours post the first dose (pain severity was assessed using the 11-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale); patient satisfaction at the end of treatment (based on a 5-point Patient Global Evaluation Scale (PGE)) and safety including the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results Among 599 patients (median age 44 years, 61.3% female) enrolled in this study, 68.61% (n=411) were postsurgical and 31.39% (n=188) were non-surgical patients. TRAM/DKP FDC was prescribed in a diverse group of postsurgical patients (eg, orthopaedic, general and cancer surgery) as well as in non-surgical conditions (eg, lower back pain and musculoskeletal pain). In the majority of patients, TRAM/DKP FDC was prescribed every 8 hours (65.94%) and for 5 days (78.80%). There was a significant reduction in pain intensity throughout the study and 65% of patients achieved ≥30% pain reduction from baseline at 8 hours post the first dose of TRAM/DKP FDC on day 1. 95.69% of patients were satisfied with the treatment (rated good, very good and excellent on the PGE scale). Overall, 13.9% of patients reported ADRs; most were mild to moderate in severity. The most common ADRs were nausea, vomiting and dizziness. Conclusion This study showed that TRAM/DKP FDC was used in diverse types of postsurgical and non-surgical patients in the real-world setting in Asia. It effectively reduced pain and was well tolerated with a high level of patient satisfaction.Item Metadata only Genetic Diversity and Population Dynamics of Clinostomum spp. Using Comprehensive Bioinformatics Approaches(2024-01-01) Islam S.I.; Hamad M.H.; Jitsamai W.; Rodkhum C.; Taweethavonsawat P.; Islam S.I.; Mahidol UniversityClinostomum species, a parasitic pathogen of freshwater fish, is widely distributed and infects various host species. Recently, the pathological effect due to Clinostomum metacercarial infection was described in aquaculture in Thailand; however, the global genetic diversity and population structure of this species have not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed description of genetic diversity and population dynamics of the digenean Clinostomum isolated from Trichopodus pectoralis with globally recorded Clinostomum species. The species was characterized molecularly by analyzing 18S rDNA and inter-transcribed spacer biomarker genes (ITS1 and ITS2). A BLAST search discovered that the 18S rDNA and ITS sequence had a 100% sequence similarity with Clinostomum piscidium isolated from India and Thailand. A comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of 12 distinct haplotypes among the Clinostomum populations. This study suggests that distinct patterns of genetic variation were identified by analyzing molecular variance, pairwise Fst, and employing structure analysis. It was observed that a gradient of genetic variation exists within continents, characterized by higher levels within different groups and lower levels of genetic differentiation. Additionally, a notable presence of mixed haplotypes was observed. The results of neutrality testing suggest that there has been a significant expansion in the populations of Clinostomum in India, America, and Kenya. The discoveries from this study will provide a valuable contribution to comprehending the genetics and evolution of Clinostomum species. Furthermore, key findings will be essential in developing efficient management approaches to prevent and control this parasite.Item Metadata only Successful Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair via Minithoracotomy in Canine Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: Case Report(2024-07-01) Kijtawornrat A.; Brikshavana P.; Kulabsri S.; Wijitratanagorn V.; Booncharoensombat N.; Chinnabrut P.; Bunjerdsuwan W.; Rujivipat N.; Saengklub N.; Kijtawornrat A.; Mahidol UniversityTranscatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) for the correction of mitral regurgitation (MR) due to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) stage B1 in a dog by a hybrid intervention technique via mini-thoracotomy was first reported in Thailand and Southeast Asia. The dog did not show any clinical signs related to congestive heart failure (CHF). Physical examination revealed systolic murmur grade III/VI. Electrocardiographs were recorded and showed normal sinus rhythm. A thoracic radiograph revealed the normal size and shape of the heart (VHS 10.9) and diffuse bronchial pattern in the lungs. A definitive diagnosis of MMVD was made by echocardiography. The dog received MR correction by transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The procedure was successful, as indicated by the absence of regurgitant jet flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium and the lack of complications. Ten days after the operation, echocardiography, complete blood count, and blood chemistry profiles were obtained, and the dog remained healthy.Item Metadata only Intra-Operative Trajectory Realignment Algorithm for Minimizing Pedicle Screw Misplacement in Cervical Spinal Fusion(2024-01-01) Komonsuwan P.; Treratanakulchai S.; Chumnanvej S.; Suthakorn J.; Komonsuwan P.; Mahidol UniversityCervical spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that requires precise pedicle screw placement to ensure successful outcomes and avoid complications. Traditional manual methods rely on the surgeon's experience and anatomical landmark identification, which can lead to misalignment errors and complications. This study proposes an intra-operative trajectory re-alignment algorithm designed to address discrepancies between pre-operative and intra-operative images, particularly due to the inherent mobility of the cervical spine. The algorithm utilizes 3D CT scans for pre-operative imaging and 2D X-rays for intra-operative imaging. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to each 3D segmented spine to construct reference frames. These kinematic frames are manipulated to optimize the error between the simulated X-ray images and the reference 3D CT images. The CTspine1K data was used to evaluate the proposed algorithm by measuring geometric and clinical errors. The results show that the proposed algorithm reduces errors, and preventing screw perforation.Item Metadata only A Hybrid EEG-EMG Framework for Humanoid Control using Deep Learning Transformers(2024-01-01) Olikkal P.; Pillai B.M.; Suthakorn J.; Ali H.; Vinjamuri R.; Olikkal P.; Mahidol UniversityBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer promising solutions for upper limb rehabilitation. Despite advancements in deep learning, traditional models for motor rehabilitation using electroencephalography (EEG) or electromyography (EMG) to control assistive devices require enhancement. This study aims to enhance motor control capabilities by integrating EEG and EMG signals using a Transformer-based deep learning model. Ten able-bodies subjects performed center-out tasks on a low-cost upper limb rehabilitation table, capturing 2D kinematic data, EEG, and EMG signals simultaneously. The tasks varied in complexity across four levels. Preprocessed EEG and EMG signals were fused and given as input to the proposed model, which was evaluated using three performance metrics. Results showed that the EEG-EMG combined model achieved 87.27% accuracy across all the four levels. Furthermore, the model's output successfully controlled a humanoid robot to replicate similar movements. These findings highlight the efficacy of combined EEG-EMG data in improving accuracy and performance in BCI applications, advancing assistive technologies and neurorehabilitation interventions.