Scopus 2024
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Item Metadata only Biopreservation of dairy products using postbiotics(2024-01-01) Awasti N.; Vashisht P.; Khanashyam A.C.; Shah K.; Nirmal N.P.; Awasti N.; Mahidol UniversityThe dairy industry faces significant challenges in preserving the quality and safety of its products while meeting consumer demand for minimally processed and naturally preserved foods. Postbiotic biopreservation has emerged as a promising technique to address these challenges. Postbiotics are the metabolites and by-products generated by beneficial microorganisms during fermentation, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Postbiotics play a pivotal role in acidifying the environment, inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms and pathogens, and enhancing the sensory attributes of products. This chapter provides an overview of the applications of postbiotic as a biopreservative in dairy, highlighting its benefits in extending shelf life, improving food safety, enhancing quality, and offering potential health benefits. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development in optimizing postbiotic production, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance to fully unlock the potential of this natural preservative in the dairy industry.Item Metadata only Postbiotics: A health promoters in human(2024-01-01) Khanashyam A.C.; Ramesh B.; Babu K.S.; Mundanat A.S.; Shah K.; Awasti N.; Deokar G.S.; Nirmal N.P.; Khanashyam A.C.; Mahidol UniversityPostbiotics represent a novel category within the realm of biotics, demonstrating the potential to impart health benefits. Diverging from probiotics, postbiotics operate independently of living cells, thereby circumventing the food safety requisites applicable to live microorganisms. Constituents of postbiotics encompass an array of elements, such as short-chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, vitamins, bacteriocins, enzymes, and peptides, embedded within a nonpurified inactivated cell preparation. Although the exploration of postbiotics is in its nascent stages, mounting evidence suggests their capacity to modulate human health. Recent investigations have unveiled additional bioactivities associated with postbiotics, spanning immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant attributes. Notably, certain postbiotics have exhibited the capability to enhance gut health by fortifying the integrity of the gut barrier, mitigating inflammation, and fostering antimicrobial activity against gut pathogens. Despite the accumulation of in vitro and in vivo studies bolstering the prospective role of postbiotics as promoters of health, the intricacies of their mechanisms of action and the underlying signaling pathways remain incompletely elucidated. This chapter furnishes a comprehensive survey of emerging probiotic-related concepts, outlines the scientific evidence substantiating their bioactivities, delves into potential mechanisms that underlie their health-promoting effects, and examines prevailing trends in their applications.Item Metadata only Practical Mobile Based Services for Identification of Chicken Diseases from Fecal Images(2024-01-01) Silapachote P.; Srisuphab A.; Damkham W.; Korkiattrakool P.; Songdechakaivut K.; Silapachote P.; Mahidol UniversityPoultry farming is a vital component in a food chain. Health of chickens in the farms directly plays an important role in both quality and safety of all chicken products. Accurate diagnosis of poultry diseases from chicken feces using standardized polymerase chain reaction is relatively very expensive, making it rather challenging especially for small local farms. To tackle this, we developed a practical mobile-based service that aimed to provide local farmers an easy-to-use tool capable of preliminary identification of common diseases chickens may have from their fecal images. Our system was deployed as an official Line account on a familiar Line application that most farmers have on their mobile phones. Trained and evaluated on a large open database of chicken fecal images, it achieved a segmentation mean average precision of 86.49 % and classification accuracy of 95.93 %. Ours also, with high confidence, correctly identify healthy images taken by local farmers.Item Metadata only Deep Learning for Automatic Classification of Carotenoid Associated Color Pigmentation(2024-01-01) Ruaydee K.; Kusakunniran W.; Srichamnong W.; Ruaydee K.; Mahidol UniversityThis study explores the application of deep learning models, specifically ResNet-34, ResN et-50, and EfficientNet-B0, for the automatic classification of carotenoid-associated color pigmentation in tomatoes. The dataset comprises 250 images categorized into five pigmentation levels, reflecting the varying carotenoid content. Carotenoids, such as lycopene and beta-carotene, are key pigments influencing the color of tomatoes, with deeper reds and oranges indicating higher concentrations. The models were evaluated for direct classification and regression followed by classification. Results show that EfficientNet-B0 achieved the highest accuracy in direct classification (94.00%), while ResNet-34 excelled in regression tasks (91.33%). Future research will continue exploring regression tasks to predict actual carotenoid content in tomatoes, enhancing prediction accuracy and robustness.Item Metadata only Hand Sign Language Translator Using Flex Sensors and Gyro Sensors in Pattern Recognition Method(2024-01-01) Supmool N.; Kositanon P.; Chaichalotornkul S.; Manupibul U.; Supmool N.; Mahidol UniversityThis project presents an innovative language translation glove designed specifically for individuals who are deaf or difficult of hearing and rely on sign language for communication. This glove represents a significant advancement in assistive technology because it employs pattern recognition to facilitate real-time, two-way communication. It is medical equipment that has the unique ability to translate both sign language gestures into audible speech and spoken language into text displayed on a screen. The inside wiring of the glove prioritizes efficiency, durability, and user comfort, ensuring practical application in everyday use. This paper presents the development of the software and hardware, with a focus on achieving high accuracy rates ranging from 93.3 to 100 percents for initial word predictions. The successful realization of this glove and system has the potential to impact assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities.Item Metadata only Estimation of Human Postural Models Using Artificial Neural Networks Under Normal and Overweight Conditions(2024-01-01) Petngam P.; Ongwattanakul S.; Prasertsakul T.; Charoensuk W.; Petngam P.; Mahidol UniversityThe study of human postural control has been a continuous area of research due to the complexity of postural mechanisms, which are not fully understood. Existing models of human postural control provide partial explanations but often face limitations such as lack of generalization. This study aims to investigate postural models for two weight groups-normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW)-across three balance conditions: eyes-opened (EO), eyes-closed (EC), and single stance (SS). Using data collected from 11 participants, simulations were conducted using two time series models: the Autoregressive (AR) model and the Non-linear Autoregressive Moving Average (NARMA) model. Additionally, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed to determine the optimal model orders. The results reveal different postural control mechanisms for each weight group. In stable conditions (EO), NARMA(4,1) and NARMA(8,10) models yielded center of pressure (COP) estimations with Mean Squared Errors (MSE) of 7.20 × 10-5 and 2.03 × 10-4 for NW and OW groups, respectively. The findings indicate that OW individuals require different mechanisms to maintain balance, with a higher reliance on previous COP information.Item Metadata only The Significance of Time Duration and Feature Extraction of Voice Signal Dataset for Depression Classification(2024-01-01) Tongnopparat P.; Kiatrungrit K.; Treebupachatsakul T.; Poomrittigul S.; Tongnopparat P.; Mahidol UniversityThis project aims to study the effect of time duration of audio datasets and feature extractions for depression classification of machine learning models. The three different time durations of audio signals including dataset (1): 1-6 min, dataset (2): 1 min, and dataset (3): 30 seconds were investigated. There were 5 machine learning models applied with 12 feature extractions including 4 features of time domains, 4 features of frequency domains, and 4 features of time-frequency domains. The statistic significant of time duration of dataset and feature extraction were examined by one-way ANDV A compared to a p-critical of 0.05. The results of performance metrics indicate the highest accuracy, and fl-score was achieved by logistic regression with MFCC on dataset (1), which was 88.24 % and 85.71%, respectively. Moreover, the precision and recall reached 1 by several models and feature extraction, especially in frequency domains and time-frequency domains. Also, the time durations and feature extraction on each dataset didn't have statistical significance on model performance.Item Metadata only Postbiotics-promising role as energetic biomolecules, safety regulations, and nutritional aspects(2024-01-01) Deokar G.S.; Kshirsagar S.J.; Shinde Y.A.; Pathak V.A.; Nirmal N.P.; Deokar G.S.; Mahidol UniversityThis chapter delves into the intricate realm of postbiotics, elucidating their profound ramifications within the sphere of health and nutrition. Expounding upon their role in microbial alchemy, cellular energy metabolism, immune modulation, and gut health enhancement, postbiotics surface as multifaceted bioactive entities with compelling implications. Their capacity to modulate nutrient bioavailability, orchestrate immune responses, and shape microbial diversity unfolds as a pivotal aspect of personalized well-being. As we cast our gaze toward the uncharted vistas of the future, postbiotics emerge as vanguards poised to redefine the frontiers of biomedicine and nutrition, embodying a seamless convergence of scientific inquiry, health enrichment, and pioneering innovation.Item Metadata only Information Technologies and Healthcare Workforce Resilience: A Cochran-Armitage Trend Analysis(2024-01-01) Petsarb K.; Daochai S.; Sujimongkol C.; Daochai C.; Petsarb K.; Mahidol UniversityThis longitudinal study investigated the evolution of technology adoption trends among Thai healthcare workers over a five-year period (2020-2024). The aim of this study was to examine the evolution of technological adaptation patterns among Thai healthcare workers over a five-year period, focusing on their use of conventional versus digital information methods. This analysis sought to reflect the resilience and adaptability of the healthcare workforce in the digital era, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by the increasing digitalization of health care communication and information systems. The study employed a Cochran-Armitage trend analysis on data obtained from 10 cohort retrospective study with 1,326 ICU nurses who participated in biennial training sessions. The analysis found a considerable rise in conventional information distribution techniques (χ2 trend=15.844, p < .001), which refuted the expected increase in digital usage. In conclusion, despite expectations for rapid digital adoption in healthcare, slow adaptation rates persist. This underscores the need to bridge the gap between technological innovation and workforce competency, particularly among domestic staff in daily practices.Item Metadata only COMPREHENDING SUFFERING THROUGH DEEP LISTENING IN CONTEMPLATIVE PRACTICE: THE IMPACT ON THE LISTENERS’ WORK AND LIFE(2024-10-01) Satian C.; Daensilp P.; Satian C.; Mahidol UniversityBackground and Objectives: Deep listening was shown to be essential in In practicing deep listening, listeners were required to avoid mixing their inner voices with those of the speakers. They observed their internal processes and remained mindful of this disturbance during the listening session. This process demanded mindful observation, particularly the close monitoring of the listeners’ feelings and thoughts (Vedanānupassanā and Cittānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna). Deep listening practitioners also practiced letting go of egoism to cultivate a mind of emptiness, allowing them to welcome the speakers’ voices without bias. This research revealed that heightened awareness of their feelings and thoughts allowed listeners to study the structure of their suffering and resolve their issues more effectively. The research highlighted three categories of suffering, or Dukkha, in Buddhadhamma: 1) Dukkha vedana: Physical and mental discomfort; 2) Dukkhata, A characteristic within the Three Marks of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa), and 3) Dukkha as a statement of suffering within the Four Noble Truths. This research focused on the third category, particularly the function of comprehending suffering (Pariñña). Conclusions: Deep listening practice, as applied under contemplative frameworks, demonstrated its potential as a transformative tool for mindfulness-based personal and professional growth. This research highlighted how deep listening could enhance the quality of interpersonal relationships and promote psychological well-being by fostering self-awareness, experiential learning, cultivating compassion, and gaining a deeper understanding of life. Moreover, integrating mindfulness and compassion practices amplified the benefits of deep listening, making it a valuable exercise for individuals across various fields, including healthcare, education, and counseling. various contexts such as education, healthcare, research, leadership, counseling, and therapy. It did not involve merely hearing words or sounds but also required engaging with and providing a trustworthy space for the speaker. Deep listening played a crucial role in healing people’s suffering, as it made them feel heard, understood, and respected. Numerous publications demonstrated the benefits of deep listening for speakers, who gained connection, understanding, and empathy and sometimes discovered better possibilities for problem-solving. However, there remained a knowledge gap in the scholarly area regarding the impact of deep listening on the listener. This research aimed to study the comprehension of suffering through the impact of deep listening on the listener, guided by the research questions: How did practicing deep listening bring about the listener’s well-being, and what impact did practicing deep listening have on the listener’s work and life. Methodology: This study employed qualitative research with a documentary research methodology. The primary data sources included master theses in the Contemplative Education Curriculum from 2554-2566 B.E. The selection process followed criteria that required: 1) The thesis researchers to employ deep listening as a personal practice; and 2) The researchers to pursue self-inquiry on deep listening practice during the thesis process. Quality control criteria for handling documentary sources included authenticity, credibility, representativeness, and meaning. The researchers collected two selected theses in both electronic and printed formats, reading and re-reading them while employing thematic analysis to uncover results that answered the research questions. Main Results: Thematic analysis identified four key themes as the results of this research: 1) Practicing listening to the listener’s inner voice; 2) Experiential learning on the meaningfulness of deep listening; 3) Cultivating loving kindness and compassion; and 4) Gaining a proper understanding of the nature of life. Involvement to Buddhadhamma: This research article aligned with Applied Buddhism and was categorized under “Buddhism and the Development of Wisdom and Morality with Buddhism.” In practicing deep listening, listeners were required to avoid mixing their inner voices with those of the speakers. They observed their internal processes and remained mindful of this disturbance during the listening session. This process demanded mindful observation, particularly the close monitoring of the listeners’ feelings and thoughts (Vedanānupassanā and Cittānupassanā Satipaṭṭhāna). Deep listening practitioners also practiced letting go of egoism to cultivate a mind of emptiness, allowing them to welcome the speakers’ voices without bias. This research revealed that heightened awareness of their feelings and thoughts allowed listeners to study the structure of their suffering and resolve their issues more effectively. The research highlighted three categories of suffering, or Dukkha, in Buddhadhamma: 1) Dukkhavedana: Physical and mental discomfort; 2) Dukkhata, A characteristic within the Three Marks of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa), and 3) Dukkha as a statement of suffering within the Four Noble Truths. This research focused on the third category, particularly the function of comprehending suffering (Pariñña). Conclusions: Deep listening practice, as applied under contemplative frameworks, demonstrated its potential as a transformative tool for mindfulness-based personal and professional growth. This research highlighted how deep listening could enhance the quality of interpersonal relationships and promote psychological well-being by fostering self-awareness, experiential learning, cultivating compassion, and gaining a deeper understanding of life. Moreover, integrating mindfulness and compassion practices amplified the benefits of deep listening, making it a valuable exercise for individuals across various fields, including healthcare, education, and counseling.Item Metadata only An Airflow Pattern in Oronasal Masked and Nasal Masked in NIV Patient(2024-01-01) Petsarb K.; Sanpanich A.; Singkhleewon N.; Petsarb K.; Mahidol UniversityIn patient who has respiratory failure, an artificial ventilation by using mechanical ventilator is commonly used. Ventilator drive fresh air into patient lung by invasive or noninvasive technic. In noninvasive technic, patient is connected to ventilator by using mask interfacing. Most NIV mask is oro-nasal mask or nasal mark in which head strap must be fixed tightly to prevent air leak. In oro-nasal mask, air can flow into both mouth cavity and nose cavity which nasal mask is only nose cavity. However, in nasal mask interfacing, patient can communicate, eating and air leakage is easier to control. In this research, we try to investigate an air pattern of both NIV mask by using a FEM simulation and comparative study air velocity in trachea and esophagus. A simple upper airway with oro-nasal and nasal mask model are created in 2D domain with focusing on an airflow pattern, velocity profile. The simulation results show that some air volume in both model fill into stomach which can be implied from air velocity value. For the further, an air volume can be clearly estimated through 3D study especially when left-right lung and stomach compartment are added into the near future study.Item Metadata only Injectable hydrogels(2024-01-01) Pissuwan D.; Pissuwan D.; Mahidol UniversityInjectable hydrogels are a type of biological material or biomaterial that can be injected in a minimally invasive manner and form a three-dimensional network structure that closely resembles the extracellular matrix of tissues. Natural materials (biological materials) and synthetic materials (biomaterials) are used for synthesizing injectable hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels can retain and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. With this capability, injectable hydrogels are a promising tool for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. In this chapter, injectable hydrogel properties, synthetic techniques, and the combination of hydrogels and nanomaterials are demonstrated. Applications of injectable hydrogels and their prospects are also discussed.Item Metadata only THAICOM'S PERSPECTIVES: THAILAND SPACEPORT BUSINESS MODEL ANALYSIS AND IMPACT ON SPACE INDUSTRY IN THE COUNTRY(2024-01-01) Pimnoo A.; Jriyasetapong P.; Yimwadsana B.; Pimnoo A.; Mahidol UniversityGovernments around the world are weighing whether to build their own spaceports which require significant investment of funds and have substantial risks. Due to the advancement in space technology, the space industry has experienced a tremendous growth in the past decade due to the availability of low-cost space infrastructure, services and information. Many countries have already made plans to build spaceports not only to advance their own space technology but also to conduct commercial services. Thailand situates in a favourable position for space launch since it is close to the Equator, has large area of land with direct access to the ocean, and have low occurrence of major natural disasters. Currently, there are not many spaceports in the Southeast Asia. Thus, building a spaceport in Thailand would be a reasonable opportunity for the country to grow and establish innovative hi-tech industries with commercial opportunity and become a space-technology and space-business hub of Asia-Pacific region. However, establishing a spaceport may come with many risks such as the technology risk and economic risk. Thailand's current technical capacity in space technology is still not high and does not have a lot of space products or services compare to the world leaders in the space-industry as well. Meanwhile, the global launch-service business is currently very competitive. Even though there are still a lot of opportunities in the space industry, Thailand needs to cautiously consider business models of the spaceport that Thailand should have. In this work, we studied the possibility of Thailand having a spaceport in the aspect of technical, financial and social benefits. We mainly reviewed spaceport projects of the United States, Europe, China, and Japan in order to understand how spaceports are funded, operated, and conducted space business in order to achieve sustainable technological as well as economic prospects. We also analyzed related literatures and proposed a recommendation for Thailand to establish a spaceport in the aspects of planning, funding, operating, advertising, and maintaining the spaceport. The impact of technical, social, economic, and national security status of the country was discussed. Although Thailand is relatively new in the spaceport industry, our business model shows that the government investing in the spaceport of Thailand is a long-term commitment that could generate direct financial returns on the investment in about 10-15 years. The growth of space technology in Thailand will create a new market for Thailand and Southeast Asia generating a large number of high-tech workforces in different areas including but not limited to engineering and science. The spaceport in Thailand will create a space ecosystem which jumpstarts the Thailand Space Market valued around 30 billion THB and becomes a platform for new space-technology start-ups of around 100 companies by 2030. This industry could eventually be worth around 5-10 percent of GDP after breakeven year. While the space industry in the country is growing steadily at the moment, it remains to be seen if the spaceport in Thailand could generate significant demand and growth for launch-services and space-related manufacturing and services. If Thailand could achieve the expected output and outcome according to our recommendation, the spaceport could be a platform that will bring other various benefits to the country in the way similar to how NASA has brought benefits to the United States since its establishment.Item Metadata only Fuels – Hydrogen – Hydrogen Production | Fossil Fuels Based(2024-01-01) Wongsakulphasatch S.; Ratchahat S.; Kim-Lohsoontorn P.; Kiatkittipong W.; Weeranoppanant N.; Chanthanumataporn M.; Charojrochkul S.; Laosiripojana N.; Assabumrungrat S.; Wongsakulphasatch S.; Mahidol UniversityHydrogen emerges as a technology for achieving carbon neutrality. The challenges of hydrogen implementation lie in its production technology with minimizing carbon dioxide emission and economic feasibility. There are several established technologies for producing hydrogen from fossil sources. Although conventional methods, including steam reforming of natural gas, are considered as economical, most of them are not environmentally friendly with a high global warming potential value. New technologies such as multifunctional reactors are developed to enable a low-carbon production. For example, the sorption-enhanced steam reforming incorporates CO2 capture into gasifier or reforming reactors. The process shows many advantages including lower energy consumption, higher hydrogen purity and yield, lower carbon emission, fewer operational unit, and lower capital and operational costs, as compared to the current method without a sorption unit. At present, such technology is at a technology readiness level (TRL) of 4, indicating its promising potential in the industrial context. Also, a multifunctional reactor can be designed with a membrane unit to provide an in situ product separation, allowing the operation at milder condition. A key challenge of designing these technologies is to reduce GHG emission while maintaining economic feasibility of the overall production. It is also essential for policy makers to facilitate the implementation of new hydrogen production technologies and promote the replacement of fossil fuels with hydrogen.Item Metadata only Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple long-distance dispersal events and extensive cryptic speciation in Nervilia (Orchidaceae), an isolated basal Epidendroid genus(2024-01-01) Gale S.W.; Li J.; Suddee S.; Traiperm P.; Peter C.I.; Buruwate T.; Crain B.J.; McCormick M.K.; Whigham D.F.; Musthofa A.; Gogoi K.; Ito K.; Minamiya Y.; Fukuda T.; Landrein S.; Yukawa T.; Gale S.W.; Mahidol UniversityIntroduction: The terrestrial orchid genus Nervilia is diagnosed by its hysteranthous pattern of emergence but is nested among leafless myco-heterotrophic lineages in the lower Epidendroideae. Comprising ca. 80 species distributed across Africa, Asia and Oceania, the genus remains poorly known and plagued by vague and overlapping species circumscriptions, especially within each of a series of taxonomically intractable species complexes. Prior small-scale, exploratory molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed the existence of cryptic species, but little is otherwise understood of origin, the scale and timing of its biogeographic spread, or the palaeoclimatic factors that have shaped its ecology and given rise to contemporary patterns of occurrence. Methods: Here, we sample widely throughout the generic range, including 45 named taxa and multiple accessions referable to several widespread ‘macrospecies’, as well as material of equivocal identity and probable undescribed status, for the first time enabling an evaluation of taxonomic boundaries at both species and sectional level. Using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, trnL-F) sequence data, we conduct phylogenetic (maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference) and ancestral area analysis to infer relationships and resolve probable origin and colonisation routes. Results: The genus is strongly supported as monophyletic, as are each of its three sections. However, the number of flowers in the inflorescence and other floral characters are poor indicators of sectional affinity. Dated ancestral area analysis supports an origin in Africa in the Early Oligocene, with spread eastwards to Asia occurring in the Late Miocene, plausibly via the Gomphotherium land bridge at a time when it supported woodland and savanna ecosystems. Discussion: Taxonomic radiation in Asia within the last 8 million years ties in with dramatic Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau uplift and associated intensification of the Asia monsoon. Multiple long-range migrations appear to have occurred thereafter, as the genus colonised Malesia and Oceania from the Pliocene onwards. The bulk of contemporary species diversity is relatively recent, potentially explaining the ubiquity of cryptic speciation, which leaves numerous species overlooked and unnamed. Widespread disjunct species pairs hint at high mobility across continents, extinction and a history of climate-induced vicariance. Persistent taxonomic challenges are highlighted.Item Metadata only RHINACANTHIN-C: A TARGETED REVIEW ON ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND PROSPECTS FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT(2024-01-01) Suksawat T.; Panichayupakaranant P.; Suksawat T.; Mahidol UniversityRhinacanthin-C, a naphthoquinone ester derived from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, has garnered attention due to its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly in areas such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities. As the major bioactive compound of R. nasutus, rhinacanthin-C shows potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic diseases including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have further explored its pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicity profiles, highlighting its efficacy and possible clinical applications. Despite its potency, one challenge in the development of rhinacanthin-C for therapeutic use is the cost and complexity of its extraction and purification processes. A promising alternative is the use of rhinacanthins-rich extract (RRE), which offer comparable pharmacological benefits with a low-cost of production. This review illustrates the current findings on rhinacanthin-C, discussing its therapeutic potential, methods for standardization, and prospects for pharmaceutical applications.Item Metadata only The survey of learning experience of pediatric injection among registered nurses and nursing students using a design thinking approach(2024-06-01) Tantacharoenrat C.; Precharattana M.; Tantacharoenrat C.; Mahidol UniversityINTRODUCTION: Pediatric injection is an essential skill of nursing. The survey of the learner’s experience during the learning process helps identify problems and leads to improvement. We here applied a three‑phrase design thinking framework. The study aims to investigate (1) the registered nurses’ experience in learning injection technique, (2) the nursing students’ experience in learning injection, and (3) the cause of problems and to propose (4) a learning material that will be used to solve the encountered problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross‑sectional study was applied. The study employed convenience sampling. Registered nurses from a tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and fourth‑year nursing students from a nursing school in Bangkok, Thailand, were selected. The data collecting tools contain a personal information form and the experience of injection learning. The inferential and descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The results show that the major issues of injection learning include selecting the correct site for injection and determining the needle length and injection angle and contamination. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, teaching materials for the anatomy of the injection area and the technique to determine the correct size and depth of injection are needed.Item Metadata only Molecular detection and characterization of Histomonas meleagridis in fighting cocks Thailand(2024-07-01) Taweethavonsawat P.; Singh M.N.; Kesdangsakonwut S.; Jitsamai W.; Sonia C.; Phupolpan C.; Taweethavonsawat P.; Mahidol UniversityHistomoniasis caused by the protozoa Histomonas meleagridis is a disease of gallinaceous birds which is of special importance to the poultry industry. The turkey is highly susceptible, which results in high mortality. However, the disease is less severe in chickens but sometimes leads to mortality, especially in those reared in the free-range system. During the present study, four dead fighting cocks were presented to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Livestock Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University for post-mortem examination. Based on history and pathological changes, it was preliminarily diagnosed as histomoniasis. The affected livers and caeca samples were collected from which the genomic DNA was extracted. Using species-specific primers, the 18S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequences thus obtained were analyzed using the BLAST search algorithm demonstrating that they are specific for H. meleagridis. The sequences were aligned and compared with the other related sequences published in the GenBank database. The four Thailand isolates showed 98-100% nucleotide sequence identity. In comparison, it shows 93-100%, 93-99%, and 88-99% nucleotide sequence identity to China, France, and Austria genotypes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene fragments with pair-wise deletion of all gaps and insertion showed that three of the 4 Thailand isolates were closely related to China and France isolates and formed a distinct cluster. While the other Thailand isolates formed a separate cluster along with Austria isolates. Therefore, the PCR method sequences and phylogenetic tree analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene carried out during the present study revealed that the PCR method is highly sensitive for the detection of H. meleagridis and there is the genetic diversity of H. meleagridis which indicates the presence of different genotypes of this parasite in Thailand.Item Metadata only The Future of AI-Assisted Patient Education in Critical Care Nephrology(2024-01-01) Sheikh M.S.; Thongprayoon C.; Suppadungsuk S.; Miao J.; Qureshi F.; Kashani K.; Cheungpasitporn W.; Sheikh M.S.; Mahidol UniversityItem Metadata only General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants(2024-08-31) Zhou B.; Bennett J.E.; Wickham A.P.; Singleton R.K.; Mishra A.; Carrillo-Larco R.M.; Ikeda N.; Jain L.; Barradas-Pires A.; Heap R.A.; Lhoste V.P.F.; Sheffer K.E.; Phelps N.H.; Rayner A.W.; Gregg E.W.; Woodward M.; Stevens G.A.; Iurilli M.L.C.; Danaei G.; Cesare M.D.; Aguilar-Salinas C.A.; Ahmad N.A.; Bovet P.; Chen Z.; Damasceno A.; Filippi S.L.; Janszky I.; Kengne A.P.; Khang Y.H.; Khunti K.; Laxmaiah A.; Lim L.L.; Lissner L.; Margozzini P.; Mbanya J.C.; McGarvey S.; Shaw J.E.; Söderberg S.; Soto-Mota L.A.; Wang J.; Zaccardi F.; Ezzati M.; Abarca-Gómez L.; AbbasiKangevari M.; Abdrakhmanova S.; Abdul Ghaffar S.A.; Abdul Rahim H.F.; Abdurrahmonova Z.; Abu-Rmeileh N.M.; Acosta-Cazares B.; Adam I.; Adamczyk M.; Aekplakorn W.; Agdeppa I.A.; Aghazadeh-Attari J.; Agyemang C.; Ahmad M.H.; Ahmadi A.; Ahmadi N.; Ahmadi N.; Ahmed S.H.; Ahrens W.; Aitmurzaeva G.; Ajlouni K.; Al-Hazzaa H.M.; Al-Hinai H.; Al-Lawati J.A.; Al-Raddadi R.; Asfoor D.A.; Al Hourani H.M.; Alarouj M.; AlBuhairan F.; AlDhukair S.; Ali M.M.; Alieva A.V.; Alkandari A.; Alkhatib B.M.; Aly E.; Amarapurkar D.N.; Amiano Etxezarreta P.; Amougou N.; Andersen L.B.; Anderssen S.A.; Androutsos O.; Anjana R.M.; Ansari-Moghaddam A.; Anufrieva E.; Aounallah-Skhiri H.; Aris T.; Arku R.E.; Arlappa N.; Aryal K.K.; Assah F.K.; Assembekov B.; Assunção M.C.F.; Auvinen J.; Avdicová M.; Azad K.; Azevedo A.; Azimi-Nezhad M.; Zhou B.; Mahidol UniversityBackground: Adiposity can be measured using BMI (which is based on weight and height) as well as indices of abdominal adiposity. We examined the association between BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) within and across populations of different world regions and quantified how well these two metrics discriminate between people with and without hypertension. Methods: We used data from studies carried out from 1990 to 2023 on BMI, WHtR and hypertension in people aged 20–64 years in representative samples of the general population in eight world regions. We graphically compared the regional distributions of BMI and WHtR, and calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between BMI and WHtR within each region. We used mixed-effects linear regression to estimate the extent to which WHtR varies across regions at the same BMI. We graphically examined the prevalence of hypertension and the distribution of people who have hypertension both in relation to BMI and WHtR, and we assessed how closely BMI and WHtR discriminate between participants with and without hypertension using C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Findings: The correlation between BMI and WHtR ranged from 0·76 to 0·89 within different regions. After adjusting for age and BMI, mean WHtR was highest in south Asia for both sexes, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. Mean WHtR was lowest in central and eastern Europe for both sexes, in the high-income western region for women, and in Oceania for men. Conversely, to achieve an equivalent WHtR, the BMI of the population of south Asia would need to be, on average, 2·79 kg/m2 (95% CI 2·31–3·28) lower for women and 1·28 kg/m2 (1·02–1·54) lower for men than in the high-income western region. In every region, hypertension prevalence increased with both BMI and WHtR. Models with either of these two adiposity metrics had virtually identical C-statistics and NRIs for every region and sex, with C-statistics ranging from 0·72 to 0·81 and NRIs ranging from 0·34 to 0·57 in different region and sex combinations. When both BMI and WHtR were used, performance improved only slightly compared with using either adiposity measure alone. Interpretation: BMI can distinguish young and middle-aged adults with higher versus lower amounts of abdominal adiposity with moderate-to-high accuracy, and both BMI and WHtR distinguish people with or without hypertension. However, at the same BMI level, people in south Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa, have higher WHtR than in the other regions. Funding: UK Medical Research Council and UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK).