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Item Open Access เภสัชวิทยา เล่ม 2(2541) อโนชา อุทัยพัฒน์; นงลักษณ์ สุขวาณิชย์ศิลป์; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะเภสัชศาสตร์. ภาควิชาเภสัชวิทยาPublication Open Access เชื้อสแตฟฟิโลคอกคัสออเรียสและเชื้อชนิดที่ดื้อยาเมทธิซิลลิน ในผู้ป่วยนอกที่ติดเชื้อผิวหนังและเนื้อเยื่อของโรงพยาบาลประจวบคีรีขันธ์ หัวหิน และปราณบุรี(2554) พัชนี พัฒราช; ศุภชัย ปิติกุลตัง; ชาญชุติ จรรยาสัณห์; ดุสิต สุจิรารัตน์; Supachai Pitikultang; Charnchudhi Chanyasanha; Dusit Sujirarat; ศุภชัย ปิติกุลตัง; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาอนามัยครอบครัว; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยา; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาระบาดวิทยาทดสอบความไวของเชื้อต่อยาต้านจุลชีพพบว่า MRSA ทั้งหมดดื้อต่อยา oxacillin, penicillin และ cefoxitin แต่ยังคงไวต่อยา vancomycin การศึกษานี้ชี้ให้เห็นว่าการใช้ของร่วมกันทำให้เกิดการแพร่กระจายเชื้อแบบสัมผัสใกล้ชิด (closed contact transmission) ได้ ดังนั้นควร... found to resist to oxacillin, penicillin, and cefoxitin, but susceptible to vancomycin. The study suggests that providing knowledge on the avoidance of close contact and the sharing personal belongings could prevent staphylococcal infectionsPublication Open Access เสถียรภาพของยากลุ่มเพนิซิลลินใน Dry syrup(2531) สุทธาทิพย์ จันทรสกุล; ดาราวัลย์ ธัญญะวุฒิ; สมพล ประคองพันธ์; Suttatip Chantaraskul; Darawan Thanyavuthi; Sompol PrakongpanPublication Open Access Analysis of Amoxicillin residues in raw milk by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(2003) Leena Suntornsuk; Amornman Lekbumroong; Worapot Suntornsuk; ลีณา สุนทรสุข; อมรมาลย์ เล็กบำรุง; วรพจน์ สุนทรสุข; Mahidol University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.; King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. Faculty of Science. Department of Microbiology.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescent detection was demonstrated for the analysis of amoxicillin residues in raw milk. Factors affection the fluorescent derivative formation (e.g. trichloroacetic acid (TCA...), formaldehyde concentrations, reaction time and temperature) and the HPLC separation (e.g. buffer concentrations and pH and concentrations of organic solvent) were investigated. The derivative with the highest fluorescent intensity was obtained when amoxicillinPublication Open Access ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับการเป็นพาหะของเชื้อ Streptococcus pneumoniae และการดื้อยาต้านจุลชีพในเด็กสุขภาพดีของศูนย์เด็กเล็กในโรงพยาบาลส่งเสริมสุขภาพแห่งหนึ่ง(2553) ศุภชัย ปิติกุลตัง; โชคชัย หมั่นแสวงทรัพย์; ชาญชุติ จรรยาสัณห์; Supachai Pitikultang; Chokchai Munsawaengsub; Charnchudhi Chanyasanha; ศุภชัย ปิติกุลตัง; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาอนามัยครอบครัว; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสาธารณสุขศาสตร์. ภาควิชาจุลชีววิทยาin clinical practice, 68.4% of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillins and 42.1% to erythromycin. Twenty five percent of S. pneumoniae were found to resist to the injectable form of antibiotics, cefotaxime, but not for vancomycin. The study showedPublication Open Access Evidence for soft selective sweeps in the evolution of pneumococcal multidrug resistance and vaccine escape.(2014-06-10) Croucher, Nicholas J.; Chewapreecha, Claire; Hanage, William P.; Harris, Simon R.; McGee, Lesley; Linde, Mark van der; Song, Jae-Hoon; Ko, Kwan Soo; Lencastre, Herminia de; Turner, Claudia; Yang, Fan; Sa´ -Lea˜o, Raquel; Beall, Bernard; Klugman, Keith P.; Parkhill, Julian; Turner, Paul; Bentley, Stephen D.; Bentley, Stephen D.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.The multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Taiwan(19F)-14, or PMEN14, clone was first observed with a 19F serotype, which is targeted by the heptavalent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV7). However, "vaccine escape" PMEN14 isolates with a 19A serotype became an increasingly important cause of disease post-PCV7. Whole genome sequencing was used to characterize the recent evolution of 173 pneumococci of, or related to, PMEN14. This suggested that PMEN14 is a single lineage that originated in the late 1980s in parallel with the acquisition of multiple resistances by close relatives. One of the four detected serotype switches to 19A generated representatives of the sequence type (ST) 320 isolates that have been highly successful post-PCV7. A second produced an ST236 19A genotype with reduced resistance to β-lactams owing to alteration of pbp1a and pbp2x sequences through the same recombination that caused the change in serotype. A third, which generated a mosaic capsule biosynthesis locus, resulted in serotype 19A ST271 isolates. The rapid diversification through homologous recombination seen in the global collection was similarly observed in the absence of vaccination in a set of isolates from the Maela refugee camp in Thailand, a collection that also allowed variation to be observed within carriage through longitudinal sampling. This suggests that some pneumococcal genotypes generate a pool of standing variation that is sufficiently extensive to result in "soft" selective sweeps: The emergence of multiple mutants in parallel upon a change in selection pressure, such as vaccine introduction. The subsequent competition between these mutants makes this phenomenon difficult to detect without deep sampling of individual lineages.Publication Open Access Proteome analyses of cellular proteins in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus treated with rhodomyrtone, a novel antibiotic Candidate(2011) Wipawadee Sianglum; Potjanee Srimanote; Wijit Wonglumsom; Kanokwan Kittiniyom; Supayang P.VoravuthikunchaiThe ethanolic extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf exhibited good antibacterial activities against both methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 31.25–62.5 mg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 250 mg/ml. Rhodomyrtone, an acylphloroglucinol derivative, was 62.5–125 times more potent at inhibiting the bacteria than the ethanolic extract, the MIC and MBC values were 0.5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. To provide insights into antibacterial mechanisms involved, the effects of rhodomyrtone on cellular protein expression of MRSA have been investigated using proteomic approaches. Proteome analyses revealed that rhodomyrtone at subinhibitory concentration (0.174 mg/ml) affected the expression of several major functional classes of whole cell proteins in MRSA. The identified proteins involve in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, protein degradation, stress response and oxidative stress, cell surface antigen and virulence factor, and various metabolic pathways such as amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the effects of rhodomyrtone on morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the treated bacterial cells. Biological processes in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division were interrupted. Prominent changes including alterations in cell wall, abnormal septum formation, cellular disintegration, and cell lysis were observed. Unusual size and shape of staphylococcal cells were obviously noted in the treated MRSA. These pioneer findings on proteomic profiling and phenotypic features of rhodomyrtone-treated MRSA may resolve its antimicrobial mechanisms which could lead to the development of a new effective regimen for the treatment of MRSA infections.Publication Open Access Orientia, rickettsia, and leptospira pathogens as causes of CNS infections in Laos: a prospective study.(2015-02) Dittrich, Sabine; Rattanavong, Sayaphet; Lee, Sue J.; Panyanivong, Phonepasith; Craig, Scott B.; Tulsiani, Suhella M.; Blacksell, Stuart D.; Dance, David A. B.; Dubot-Pérès, Audre; Amphone Sengduangphachan; Phoumin, Phonelavanh; Paris, Daniel H.; Newton, Paul N.; Newton, Paul N.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (caused by Rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile illness in Asia; meningitis and meningoencephalitis are severe complications. However, scarce data exist for the burden of these pathogens in patients with CNS disease in endemic countries. Laos is representative of vast economically poor rural areas in Asia with little medical information to guide public health policy. We assessed whether these pathogens are important causes of CNS infections in Laos. METHODS: Between Jan 10, 2003, and Nov 25, 2011, we enrolled 1112 consecutive patients of all ages admitted with CNS symptoms or signs requiring a lumbar puncture at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. Microbiological examinations (culture, PCR, and serology) targeted so-called conventional bacterial infections (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, S suis) and O tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi/Rickettsia spp, and Leptospira spp infections in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We analysed and compared causes and clinical and CSF characteristics between patient groups. FINDINGS: 1051 (95%) of 1112 patients who presented had CSF available for analysis, of whom 254 (24%) had a CNS infection attributable to a bacterial or fungal pathogen. 90 (35%) of these 254 infections were caused by O tsutsugamushi, R typhi/Rickettsia spp, or Leptospira spp. These pathogens were significantly more frequent than conventional bacterial infections (90/1051 [9%] vs 42/1051 [4%]; p<0·0001) by use of conservative diagnostic definitions. CNS infections had a high mortality (236/876 [27%]), with 18% (13/71) for R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira spp combined, and 33% (13/39) for conventional bacterial infections (p=0·076). INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that R typhi/Rickettsia spp, O tsutsugamushi, and Leptospira spp infections are important causes of CNS infections in Laos. Antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, needed for the treatment of murine typhus and scrub typhus, are not routinely advised for empirical treatment of CNS infections. These severely neglected infections represent a potentially large proportion of treatable CNS disease burden across vast endemic areas and need more attention.Publication Open Access Categorization of antimicrobial agents prescribed in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Thailand(2019) Arpron Leesombun; Sookruetai Boonmasawai; อาภรณ์ ลี้สมบุญ; สุขฤทัย บุญมาไสว; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal ScienceAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is critical situation for human and animal health worldwide. The inappropriate antimicrobial use is one of the risk factors of AMR. Intriguingly, an increase of antimicrobial resistance bacteria was recently evident in companion animals. Since such circumstance strongly implied the contribution of inappropriate antimicrobial use in veterinary clinics and hospitals to the problems, this study aimed to categorize and evaluate antimicrobials prescribed in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Thailand. From 6,200 animal patients, there were total 8,093 antimicrobial prescriptions for animal treatments. The antimicrobials were prescribed for parenteral administrations 3,346 prescriptions (41.3%) and oral administrations 4,747 prescriptions (58.7%), respectively. During 2012-2015, the most antimicrobial prescriptions were enrofloxacin (33.9%, P<0.001) with significantly difference from amoxicillin/clavulanate (24.1%) and doxycycline (15.2%). Enrofloxacin was highest prescribed in both parenteral and oral administrations (41.2% and 28.8%, respectively). Surgical procedure was topmost of parenteral antimicrobial prescriptions (16.5%, P<0.05), especially for neutering cases, followed with gastrointestinal system (14.6%) and dermatological system (9.5%). The most oral antimicrobial prescriptions were used for treatments of dermatological system (16.3%, P<0.05), gastro-intestinal system (11.1%) and surgical procedures (8.9%). These study revealed the pattern of antimicrobial use in companion animals to fulfill the associated picture with AMR problem in Thailand, and underline requirement of better solving plan based on one health approach with more concern of antimicrobial use in veterinary fields.Publication Open Access Is prophylactic antibiotic effective in lower third molar surgery? : article analysis(2015-01) Pirasut Rodanant; พีรศุษม์ รอดอนันต์; Natthapong Athikijrungruang; Natthamet Wongsirichat; ณัฐเมศร์ วงศ์สิริฉัตร; Natthamet Wongsirichat; ณัฐเมศร์ วงศ์สิริฉัตร; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Advanced General Dentistry; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Resident Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Mahidol University. Faculty of Dentistry. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryObjective: To justify the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in third molar surgery Materials and methods: The search through electronic data base restricted to the previous articles published in English focusing on two keywords ‘third molar surgery’ and ‘antibiotic prophylaxis’ was performed. Randomized controlled trials complied with the inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed descriptively. Results: There were 37 randomized controlled trials included in this study. The evaluation demonstrated that there were 50% of the previous studies showed statistically signifi cant difference between use and no use of antibiotics on the reduction of post-operative infection complications. The pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic was more effective than post-operative antibiotics administration in decreasing the undesirable post-operative infection. Conclusion: The antibiotic prophylaxis seems to show effectiveness in reducing post-operative infection by providing pre-operative high-dose antibiotics with two to fi ve days post-operative administration.