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Item Metadata only An analysis of the determinants of fertility in Kenya(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 1990) Wesley, Wandera Ochari; Aphicat Chamratrithirong; Sivaporn Pokpong; Chanya SethaputPublication Metadata only Genetic homogeneity of goat malaria parasites in Asia and Africa suggests their expansion with domestic goat host(2018-12-01) Morakot Kaewthamasorn; Mika Takeda; Tawee Saiwichai; Jesse N. Gitaka; Sonthaya Tiawsirisup; Yuhei Imasato; Ehab Mossaad; Ali Sarani; Winai Kaewlamun; Manun Channumsin; Suchart Chaiworakul; Wichit Katepongpun; Surapong Teeveerapunya; Jarus Panthong; Dominic K. Mureithi; Saw Bawm; Lat Lat Htun; Mar Mar Win; Ahmed Ali Ismail; Abdalla Mohamed Ibrahim; Keisuke Suganuma; Hassan Hakimi; Ryo Nakao; Ken Katakura; Masahito Asada; Osamu Kaneko; Mount Kenya University; Rajamangala University of Technology system; University of Zabol; Sudan University of Science and Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Hokkaido University; Mahidol University; Nagasaki University; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Livestock Office of Phetchaburi Province; Livestock Office of Kaeng Krachan District; Abrar University Somalia; University of Veterinary Science© 2018 The Author(s). Plasmodium was first identified in a goat in Angola in 1923, and only recently characterized by DNA isolation from a goat blood sample in Zambia. Goats were first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent approximately 10,000 years... performed PCR-based surveillance using a total of 1,299 goat blood samples collected from Sudan and Kenya in Africa, Iran in west Asia, and Myanmar and Thailand in southeast Asia. Plasmodium DNA was detected from all locations, suggesting that the parasitePublication Open Access Waste water minimization: Utilization of rubber latex residue and swine dung as fertilizer for Para rubber seedling growth(2012-06) Thanya Uttraporn; Saranya Sucharitaku; Gritsanaruck Theeraraj; Chumporn Yuwaree; Charlie Navanugraha; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies, the blended fertilizer of latex residue with swine dung can potentially act as a preferable blended fertilizer because the nutrients from both wastes can enhance the plant growth from the initial stage. The aim of this study was to study the feasibility... and effectiveness of the blended fertilizer at consideration ratio of 1:1 (CR and SD) alone and at nutrient adjustment to equal to chemical fertilizer usage for Hevea tree as a study case. We found that the blended fertilizer was feasible for para rubberPublication Open Access A practice model for sustainable agriculture assessment: A case study of the sustainable cultivation of Thai Hom Mali (Jasmine) Rice in Thailand(2011-12) Kitipong Chaimanuskul; Luepol Punnakanta; Wimon Sonchaem; Pisit Sukreeyapongse; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Rungjarat Hutacharoen; Mahidol University. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies, the independent variables of SCP, in particularly production costs, chemical and fertilizer utilization, the risk of weeds and pest, were found to be the significantly common variables in the most of regions of THMR cultivation.Publication Open Access Determinants of condom use at last sex among adult HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment in Mandalay City, Myanmar(2018) Zaw Zaw Oo; Jiraporn Chompikul; Bang-on Thepthien; ซอซอ อู; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; บังอร เทพเทียน; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Development/cohabiting (Adj OR=5.10, 95% CI=2.00-12.98), having high self-efficacy to use condom (Adj OR=3.32, 95% CI=1.81-6.10) and no fertility desire (Adj OR=4.23, 95% CI=2.19- 8.16) were more likely to use condom at last sex whenPublication Open Access Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority(2011-12-13) Newton, Paul N.; Green, Michael D.; Mildenhall, Dallas C.; Plançon, Aline; Nettey, Henry; Nyadong, Leonard; Hostetler, Dana M.; Swamidoss, Isabel; Harris, Glenn A.; Powell, Kristen; Timmermans, Ans E.; Amin, Abdinasir A.; Opuni, Stephen K.; Barbereau, Serge; Faurant, Claude; Soong, Ray C.W.; Faure, Kevin; Jonarthan Thevanayagam; Fernandes, Peter; Kaur, Harparkash; Angus, Brian; Stepniewska, Kasia; Guerin, Philippe J.; Fernández, Facundo M.; Newton, Paul N.; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU).BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem. A vital component of malaria control rests on the availability of good quality artemisinin-derivative based combination therapy (ACT) at the correct dose. However, there are increasing reports of poor quality anti-malarials in Africa. METHODS: Seven collections of artemisinin derivative monotherapies, ACT and halofantrine anti-malarials of suspicious quality were collected in 2002/10 in eleven African countries and in Asia en route to Africa. Packaging, chemical composition (high performance liquid chromatography, direct ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, stable isotope analysis) and botanical investigations were performed. RESULTS: Counterfeit artesunate containing chloroquine, counterfeit dihydroartemisinin (DHA) containing paracetamol (acetaminophen), counterfeit DHA-piperaquine containing sildenafil, counterfeit artemether-lumefantrine containing pyrimethamine, counterfeit halofantrine containing artemisinin, and substandard/counterfeit or degraded artesunate and artesunate+amodiaquine in eight countries are described. Pollen analysis was consistent with manufacture of counterfeits in eastern Asia. These data do not allow estimation of the frequency of poor quality anti-malarials in Africa. CONCLUSIONS: Criminals are producing diverse harmful anti-malarial counterfeits with important public health consequences. The presence of artesunate monotherapy, substandard and/or degraded and counterfeit medicines containing sub-therapeutic amounts of unexpected anti-malarials will engender drug resistance. With the threatening spread of artemisinin resistance to Africa, much greater investment is required to ensure the quality of ACTs and removal of artemisinin monotherapies. The International Health Regulations may need to be invoked to counter these serious public health problems.Publication Open Access Effects of pregnant mothers’ work on first-year infant deaths in a Thai prospective cohort(2014-01) Tiwarat Tor. jarern; Yothin Sawangdee; Rossarin Gray; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Guo, Guang; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentThis study examines the relationship between mothers' work and infant death in Thailand. It estimates the survival probability at a given time using data from a prospective cohort study of Thai children during 2000-2002. A cohort of 4,245 infants was followed from 28-32 weeks gestation until one year of age. The study found that mother’s occupation had an independent relationship with infant death (p< 0.10). Infants of mothers with mid-level occupations during pregnancy showed a lower risk of death than those with lower level occupations (odds ratio = 0.42, p= 0.082). In addition, the Kaplan-Meier cumulative probabilities of survival support the finding that this difference occurred in the late-neonatal and post-neonatal periods. However other factors occurring during pregnancy and the neonatal period—namely a lack of attended antenatal care, low birthweight, preterm birth, perinatal hospitalization morbidity of the mother, income of the household head, and geographic area— also increased the risk of infant death. The findings indicate that the Thai government should be concerned about working conditions for female agricultural workers and construction laborers, and that pregnant women and their families should be encouraged to access both pre- and post-natal maternal and child health services, especially in the late and post-neonatal periods. Such measures would save infant lives and lower the infant mortality rate for Thailand.Publication Open Access Determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization among women aged 30-45 years in Blantyre district, Malawi(2015) Mary Sesu Chosamata; Seo Ah Hong; Sariyamon Tiraphat; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentCervical cancer screening is the single important public health strategy to reduce cervical cancer incidence and subsequent mortality. In Malawi, low utilization leads to high mortality rate (80%). This cross-sectional community based study aimed at identifying determinants to utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women aged 30-45 years in Blantyre district, Malawi. A total of 257 selected women (134 urban and 123 rural) participated in the study and face to face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire to gather information on socio-demographic, knowledge, perception, health locus control, and social support from 30th April 2015 to 16th May 2015. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Only 13.2% of the women had ever been screened for cervical cancer screening. The main reasons for not being screened among the respondents who were not screened yet included lack of interest (39.7%), lack of knowledge (33.5%) and no reason given (19.8%). The most significant determinants to utilization were older age (Adj.OR=7.05, 95% CI=2.31-21.6), having more than one sex partners (Adj.OR=3.24, 95% CI=1.31-8.0), use of oral contraceptive (Adj.OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.02-6.61), having heard of cervical cancer screening (Adj.OR=17.7, 95% CI=2.18-144) and higher level of knowledge (Adj.OR=7.37, 95% CI=2.44- 22.2). In conclusion, there is low utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in Blantyre district. There is need for effective community based cervical screening, education and awareness for good and successful utilization of cervical cancer screening in Blantyre District and Malawi.Publication Open Access Impact of family structure, parental migration, and parental divorce on an adolescent's educational enrollment: evidence from a longitudinal study in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand(2009-07) Wanippol Mahaarcha; วนิพพล มหาอาชา; Sirinan Kittisuksathit; ศิรินันท์ กิตติสุขสถิต; Boonlert Leoprapai; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social ResearchFamily structure, migration, and divorce are the crucial determinants that shape a family member’s well-being. Previous studies have shown that adolescent residing in extended families, with parental migration, and without parental divorce tend to have better outcomes. Using data from the 2001 to 2004 round of Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS), this study aims to explore the relationship between family structure, parental migration, parental divorce and adolescent’s educational enrolment. The sample of adolescents aged 13-18 in 2001 were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis proposes that adolescents residing in extended families with grandparents, residing in household without mother migration, and residing outside the parental divorce household are more likely to enroll in school in 2004. This study suggests that the training for grandparents about grandchildren’s caring, the women’s job availability, and the Life Skill Program for adolescents in divorced homes should be implemented.Publication Open Access Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa(2013) Peltzer, Karl; Mlambo, Gladys; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentBackground: The HIV risk increases during pregnancy. The elevated risk of HIV acquisition in pregnant women may be explained by behavioural and other factors. The aim of this study was to assess sexual HIV risk behaviour and its associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 502 pregnant women (age range 18–47 years, mean age 26.6 years, standard deviation (SD) 6.1, and the mean gestational age was 6.5 months (SD 1.6). Antenatal women were selected, using systematic sampling from 63 primary care clinics and community health centres in Nkangala District. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The majority (63%) of the participants had never used a condom with their primary sexual partner in the past 3 months, 60% were not aware of the HIV status of their sexual partner, 7.6% had a casual sexual partner in the past 3 months, 20% had two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months and 17.3% reported to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (other than HIV) in the past 12 months. The various HIV risk behaviours were predicted, by being single and alcohol use for multiple sexual partners; by fewer antenatal visits, being HIV negative and not having used alcohol for lack of condom use; by being HIV positive, having experienced physical partner violence and psychological distress for having been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (other than HIV); and by lower education, unplanned pregnancy, non-antenatal care attendance by expectant father, the belief that antiretrovirals can cure HIV and being HIV positive for having a partner with HIV positve or unknown status. Conclusion: High levels of sexual HIV risk behaviour were found during pregnancy. Pregnant women need to be informed of their increased risk of HIV and the importance of sexual HIV risk reduction including the use of condoms throughout pregnancy.