Thesis and Thematic paper
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Item Open Access Sentiment analysis of online reviews on hotel booking websites using transformer models(Mahidol University, 2023) Jakkapong Raksasri; Taweesak Samanchuen; Supaporn KiattisinOnline reviews or comments about products or services in online media formats, such as reviews and comments from individuals who have purchased the product, are a type of Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) that allows consumers to search for relevant information before making purchasing or using decisions. The volume of review and commentary information today is enormous and constantly emerging, requiring consumers to analyze the pros and cons of these products before making decisions. This study collected hotel review data from Agoda.com, which had over 100,000 reviews, to analyze the feelings toward the hotel business. The data was processed using Transformer-based models, including Multilingual BERT, XLM-RoBERTa, and WangchangBERTa, as well as original feature extraction techniques such as Bag of Words and TF-IDF. Then, the researcher used Logistic Regression to analyze the reviews. In the experimental result, each model predicted the correct outcome, with XLM-RoBERTa having the highest accuracy rate of 94.55%, followed by WangchangBERTa with 91.45%, Multilingual BERT with 90.40%, and TF-IDF and Bag of Words with 91.45% and 91.15%, respectively. The XLM-RoBERTa resulted in the highest accuracy rate for predicting sentiment analysis results through deep learning, making it suitable for building models for analyzing Thai text. Implication of thematic paper: The findings of the study indicate that transformer-based models offer significant advantages and efficiencies for sentiment analysis by accurately analyzing customer sentiment data. The insightful data could support businesses in terms of decision-making, improving customer experiences, and optimizing marketing strategies.Item Open Access A relationship discovery in legal basis processing and fines : a case study in EU data protection law violations(Mahidol University, 2023) Lertchon Tanasugarn; Sotarat Thammaboosadee; Rojjalak ChuckpaiwongSince PDPA had just been enforced in Thailand, the implementation guideline regarding fine estimates has yet to be issued with a clear rationale for applying for fee enforcement in different conditions. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU has been set up and enforced with many reported cases, which can be the foundation for this research. In addition, machine learning technology for legal work is fast growing and getting more attention in this era. Therefore, this research proposes to create a machine learning model suitable for predicting the fine based on publicly available GDPR reported cases since Thailand has not yet had any cases. After reviewing GDPR cases publicly available, this research was set up to include only cases with a basis and no reduced fine condition. The research protocol consists of two phases: the first phase is to identify the most appropriate AutoML model, and the second phase is to test the model using a simulation application. The result of the first phase reveals that the best model is the deep learning model since it creates the least root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, the deep learning model selected six attributes as a basis to generate fines. After putting in ten cases using the simulation in the second phase, the result reveals that six out of ten cases align with the occurring cases. Therefore, this research confirms the possibility of the deep learning model with sixty percent accuracy. Implication of the thematic paper: This research proves the possibility and accuracy that the automated deep learning model is effective in generating the fee not only for the amount but also suggests the implication of this model to reduce human error and human bias as a personal opinion. Suppose the model is tested in a larger sample size or a large number of cases to validate its accuracy and scale it up nationwide.Item Open Access Deconstructing “Terrorism” in relation to national liberation movements and the impact of India's anti-terror regimes in the Indian-occupied Kashmir on international human rights standards(Mahidol University, 2023) Naeemullah Bin Azeem Hassan, 1992-; Candelaria, Sedfrey M.; Hayes, Michael GeorgeThe term "Terrorism" has been a subject matter of debate regarding its definition and implications. A precise meaning has never been offered because the phrase is frequently used and has many nuanced connotations. Even the international community has failed to settle on a thorough definition that is entirely operational. In this light, the study has attempted to deconstruct the notion of "terrorism" in relation to national liberation movements and explored the intellectual foundations of the ambiguity in terrorism law at the international and domestic levels. The study also demonstrates that it is alluring to assert that the term "terrorism" has no legal significance and is only a descriptor for a certain type of criminal conduct that is inexorably related to specific political motivations. Moreover, India has for a long time asserted that it is engaged in a war "against terrorism" in the region of Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir (IAJK). The Indian government began conducting anti-terrorism operations and enacted several anti-terror laws in IAJK in an effort to silence the people of IAJK and their cries for freedom and self-determination. According to research, criticizing Indian policies and exercising one's right to free speech and expression while also voicing dissent qualify as waging war against the state and are therefore reasons for terrorism charges. These accusations make up most of those brought against people under these anti-terror laws. The thesis offered an overview of the anti-terror legislation and practices in IAJK in addition to examining the legitimacy of these laws in light of international human rights standards and norms. This study concluded with a discussion of Jamaat-e-Islami, J&K (JeI), an organization the Indian government had proscribed for anti-national (anti-Indian) activities. Based on interviews with acquitted JeI members and in-depth conversations with lawyers and government officials, including police officers, this research concluded that the allegations against the organization and its members are unfounded. The primary purpose of the terrorism allegations and the legal procedure is to crush dissenting voices, stir hysteria, and enforce severe legislation that will shatter the people's will regarding self-determination. Implication of thesis: This research helps in comprehending the significance of anti-terror legislation and their social effects. The study provides a reader with an in-depth explanation of how these terror rules impact human conditioning and how their application results in social servitude. Given the severity of these regulations, an evaluation is necessary. Second, the study adds to the body of knowledge on terrorism and counter-terrorism literature. This research offers a primer on how to make sense of anti-terrorism legislation in the context of national liberation and anti-colonial movements. Additionally, the study may be utilized by NGOs and INGOs to address the causes and effects of the widespread use of anti-terror legislation in many nations around the Asia Pacific region.Item Open Access Mathematical modelling to assess the impacts of cross-border travel controls of Covid-19 pandemic in Thailand(Mahidol University, 2023) Vidhyakorn Mahd-Adam; Wirichada Pan-ngum; Chawarat Rotejanaprasert; Panithee ThammawijayaFour components of intervention strategies related to Thailand’s cross-border travel control are (1) assessing risk of infection from departure country, (2) pre-departure screening and requiring of vaccination certificate, (3) point of entry screening and validation of the requirements, and (4) compliance to Thailand’s national quarantine strategies. A cross-border travel control model was developed, incorporating the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. From Our-World-In-Data (OWID) extracted on January 9th, 2022, this research study applied cluster analysis to derive three distinct groups of countries based on vaccination coverage, infection rates and test positivity. For modelling, 863 imported cases per 10 5 travelers per week were estimated in a no intervention scenario. For the optimal strategy where all interventions were implemented by the country of origin i.e., a combination of requiring of vaccination certificate, in a cluster with low infection rate, and immediate testing before departing, the model estimated 157 imported cases per 10 5 travelers per week. Adding workload to Thailand by providing 14-day quarantine will further reduce the number of imported cases to 5 per 10 5 travelers per week. Nevertheless, the model requires adjustments to its clustering algorithm technique to real-time data to enhance the risk assessment of those departure countries. Thailand is considerably dependent on tourism, vulnerable to the negative socio-economic effects of the pandemic. It is crucial to mitigate the effect by prospectively evaluating control measures with additional consideration of international cooperation, economic evaluation, acceptance and satisfaction of travelers, local community, and domestic health system. Adopting data-driven approaches using open access databases to inform public health policy can aid in ensuring integrity, transparency, and adaptability in public health policy decision-making. Implication of thesis: The model can further be used to gain insights into Thailand’s re-opening of its international border or as a tool in preparing for outbreaks and disease control in the future. The results from the modelling will be presented as the number of case importations expected given the re-opening of Thai borders under different intervention strategies.Item Open Access A onceptual framework of online learning during the covid-19 outbreak in Thailand : parental perspectives of students in primary education(Mahidol University, 2023) Chongkolnee Rattanasuwanthada; Prush Sa-nga-ngam; Adisorn LeelasantithamThe COVID-19 epidemic has had a major impact on education. Schools have been shuttered all around the globe, but the education system cannot be halted because education is vital to life and the economy. Online education, which was once an alternative, is currently the primary method of instruction. Therefore, online education is essential in this circumstance. However, online education must provide outcomes and performance that are comparable to or even superior to those of traditional instruction. This project aims to study online education during the COVID-19 epidemic (from 2020 to 2022), focusing on elementary school parents' perspectives. The application of a conceptual framework derived from a review of the literature on online learning during school closures due to COVID-19 served as a research design guide, used to identify research objectives, guide the selection of research methodologies, demonstrate the connection between variables explored in the study via a link diagram, and serve as a framework for the interpretation and discussion of findings. In this study, a qualitative research approach was used. The research population consisted of 25 Thai parents with elementary education children who studied online between 2020 and 2022. The sample was selected using a convenience sampling approach. Using interview forms, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. In the analysis of data, the researcher chose to combine Thematic Analysis with Conversation Analysis. Lastly, the findings of this study could increase understanding and provide guidelines for the future development of online education systems in preparation for future pandemics similar to COVID-19 or other potential emergencies. Implication of the thematic paper: The study of parents' viewpoints on elementary school children revealed that this is the stage at which parents pay special attention to their children. However, this is a subset of educational level. Additionally, online education has an educational consequence on pre-primary and grades higher than elementary school, which should be researched and improved. Currently, homeschooling is an alternative to public schools for children of this generation; instead of going to school, they will study at home or a learning center.Item Open Access Comparisons of open source endpoint detection and response tools for improvement of cyber resilience(Mahidol University, 2023) Ekparwin Poonyavanich; Adisorn Leelasantitham; Prush Sa-nga-ngamThe trend of cyber threats has been increasing exponentially in both type and frequency for the past decades. The emergence of new information technologies and multi-platform in digital businesses has been leading to new potential threats and vulnerabilities. Thus, organizations need to invest more in cybersecurity safeguards to prevent and manage ongoing attacks. Cyber resilience enables organizations to be ready and proactively handle cyber threat incidents. Advanced endpoint protection, such as Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR), has the capability to collect security events, which provide visibility to IT security teams to properly detect and respond to cyber incidents. Open-source EDR tools offer cost-effectiveness to organizations but require assessment in terms of performance and functionality when compared to commercial products. This paper implemented and compared open-source EDR tools, OpenEDR and Wazuh, along with the Invoke Atomic Redteam security testing tool to prove the functionality and performance of EDRs, which can improve the cyber resilience of organizations. The threat detection criteria were tested with reference to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, which covers most cyber attacks in real-world scenarios. The result of running the Invoke Atomic Redteam tool to emulate a security attack can identify the amount of security events and threat detection alerts on both OpenEDR and Wazuh EDR. OpenEDR is capable of detecting 237 threat alerts that refer to 4 MITRE ATT&CK techniques, which account for 1.8% of all ATT&CK techniques. Wazuh, on the other hand, can detect 1,611 attack detection alerts referencing 14 MITRE ATT&CK techniques, which results in a 6.5% detection rate. Wazuh was considered superior because it can identify a wider range of attacks and has more flexibility and adaptability to improve cyber resilience. By employing EDR systems, organizations may detect and respond to cyber threats before they cause any further damage. Implication of thematic paper: This comparison is advantageous to the organizations since the results may be utilized to confirm the functioning and performance of a cost-effective endpoint detection and response solution. The organizations can use EDR as an initial layer of defense to fill in security gaps. Furthermore, security testing methods that utilize the comprehensive cyber attack coverage of the MITRE ATT&CK Framework can be applied to various endpoint protection solutions.Item Open Access Transformer-based modelling for sentiment analysis of coffee review(Mahidol University, 2023) Atiphan Charoenphon; Taweesak Samanchuen; Prush SangangamThe development of social networks contributes to the growth of online content that becomes more relevant to the business. Customer reviews, feedback, and comments have been found mentioned online. Thus, sentiment analysis becomes a tool for businesses to extract insightful information from big data regarding customers’ needs and perceptions towards brands. In this study, the researcher aimed to set the experiments using an open dataset (Yelp Coffee Review) from kaggle.com as a case study. The natural language processing model was implemented by applying the Transformer-based models: BERT, ALBERT and RoBERTa, with six different classifications, including Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbors, to compare the performance, where imbalance data and hyperparameters have been considered in this study. In the experimental result, the research found that the RoBERTa model with Random Forest classifier performs best at 98.84% accuracy, while all the Transformer-based models outperform the conventional models as expected. Therefore, the models have proved their efficiency and advantage in shedding light on the customer sentiment analysis tool for business. Implication of the thematic paper: The findings of the study indicate that Transformer-based models offer businesses significant advantages and efficiencies for sentiment analysis by accurately analyzing customer sentiment data. The insightful data could support businesses in terms of decision-making, improving customer experiences, and optimizing marketing strategies.Item Open Access Assessment of technology in reduction of PM 2.5 of indoor air(Mahidol University, 2023) Wanwisa Kussanuka; Sayam Aroonsrimorakot; Monthira Yuttitham; Navaporn KanjanasiranontCurrently, alternative technologies to reduce the impact of air pollution are being developed. However, there is still a lack of data on how to properly use this technology. This study aims to study the air quality caused by the factors of incense stick/cigarette smoke which generates indoor PM2.5 and measure the air quality before and after using two types of air purifier filters (HEPA and HPP). Air particulate matter samples (PM2.5) were measured and incense sticks/cigarettes were used as the source of pollution in the room. The experimental method was used to measure PM2.5 in the room before the experiment and after using an air purifier for 30 minutes. Xiaomi Air Quality Monitor PM2.5 detector (AQI) was used for measuring air purifiers. The result showed that a type 1 air purifier can reduce PM2.5 by 59.3% while a type 2 air purifier can reduce PM2.5 by 51.7%. When measuring air quality with a Personal pump to measure PM2.5 (µg/m3), type 1 air purifiers can reduce PM2.5 by 53.3% and type 2 air purifiers can reduce PM2.5 by 49.5%, and using both types of air purifiers can reduce PM2.5 by an average of 50%. Increasing the air purification period time may result in a reduction of more than 50% of PM2.5 and may require the invention of new technologies.Item Open Access The impact of the readjustment of service provision during covid-19 situation : the case study of Metta Pracharak hospital(Mahidol University, 2023) Chatwalee Sriphyong; Somsiri Siewwuttanagul; Jirapan LiangrokapartThe purpose of this study was to study the influence of readjusted service provision during the COVID-19 period at the Ophthalmic Department of Metta Pracharak Hospital (Wat Rai Khing). The research focused on two issues as follows. The first issue of the study concerned comparing the duration of outpatient services during the period before the outbreak of COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 period. Data were collected during both the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods to identify potential changes in service processes as well as the time it took for patients to receive services in order to make a comparative analysis. The findings revealed that different types of patients experienced various waiting times for each service process. Overall, waiting time during the COVID-19 period was improved significantly, except for patients who had missed a scheduled appointment. When considering the service procedure, the findings showed that the waiting time for each process improved significantly during COVID-19, except the process of medical examination, which did not show any improvement in waiting time. The second issue of the study involved an investigation of changes in patient satisfaction levels during the COVID-19 period. Survey research was conducted by collecting 400 questionnaires distributed to patients who had experience with the service procedures both pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 period. The results revealed that overall patient satisfaction had been improved based on the new service procedures provided during the COVID-19 period. The average satisfaction level had increased in every step of the service procedures. It should be noted that, while this study found that the readjusted service procedures during COVID-19 showed a significant improvement in both waiting time and patient satisfaction, it also reduced capacity at the hospital. Therefore, the knowledge and inferences gained from this research could be used as a case study of the effect of changing hospital service procedures. Moreover, the findings of this research could be used in the formulation of guidelines to determine the suitability of other service systems. Implication of the thesis: Part of the thesis published in the community research journal (TCI1) is “The comparison of service waiting time pre and during the Covid-19 situation: the case study of the Ophthalmic Department of Metta Pracharak Hospital (Wat Rai Khing)”. In addition, the researcher suggests that hospitals collect data for waiting systems in current service provision in order to make further comparisons and improve the efficiency of their service systems similar to this case study of the Ophthalmic Department at Metta Pracharak Hospital (Wat Rai Khing).Item Open Access ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้กัญชาของนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษา จังหวัดบุรีรัมย์(มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล, 2566) ศรัณย์ สุจินพรัหม; วิริณธิ์ กิตติพิชัย; มณฑา เก่งการพานิชกัญชาเป็นพืชที่ประกอบด้วยสารเสพติดมีผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพในหลายด้าน ทั้งด้านสุขภาพกาย สุขภาพจิต ในระดับบุคคล ครอบครัว และชุมชน วัยหนุ่มสาว อายุ 18-25 ปี เป็นกลุ่มที่มีโอกาสได้รับผลกระทบจากการใช้กัญชาสูงโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษา การวิจัยเชิงพรรณนาแบบภาคตัดขวางนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อหาความชุกของการใช้กัญชาและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องในนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษา จังหวัดบุรีรัมย์ ตัวอย่างเป็นนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษา อายุระหว่าง 18 ถึง 25 ปี ที่มีสถาบันการศึกษาตั้งอยู่ในจังหวัดบุรีรัมย์ จำนวน 176 ตัวอย่าง เก็บข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถามชนิดตอบด้วยตัวเองในรูปแบบออนไลน์ ระหว่างเดือนมีนาคม ถึง เมษายน พ.ศ. 2566 การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้การวิเคราะห์ถดถอยโลจิสติกอย่างง่าย และการวิเคราะห์ถดถอยโลจิสติกเชิงพหุ กำหนดช่วงความเชื่อมั่นที่ร้อยละ 95 ผลการวิจัยพบว่านักเรียนอาชีวศึกษาตัวอย่าง มีความชุกของการใช้กัญชาร้อยละ 34.66 พบ 11 ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้กัญชา ได้แก่ การสูบบุหรี่ การใช้กัญชาของสมาชิกในครอบครัว เพศ การใช้กัญชาของเพื่อน การสูบบุหรี่ของเพื่อน ผลการเรียน การรับรู้การใช้กัญชาของคนในชุมชน การเข้าถึงผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชาในชุมชน การดื่มเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ ทัศนคติต่อกัญชา และการกำกับติดตามของผู้ปกครอง (Crude OR = 25.15, 5.02, 4.85, 4.54, 3.00, 2.59, 2.37, 2.04, 2.03, 1.08, และ 0.89 ตามลำดับ) และเมื่อควบคุมปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องแล้วพบว่า การสูบบุหรี่ (Adjusted OR = 20.09 95% CI 4.38, 92.07) และการใช้กัญชาของเพื่อน (Adjusted OR = 3.41 95% CI 1.07, 10.81) เป็น 2 ปัจจัยสำคัญที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับการใช้กัญชาของนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษา จังหวัดบุรีรัมย์ การนำผลของสารนิพนธ์ไปใช้: สถาบันการศึกษาควรจัดทำระบบเฝ้าระวังการใช้กัญชาในนักเรียนอาชีวศึกษาอย่างเข้มงวด โดยเฉพาะในนักเรียนชายที่สูบบุหรี่ ควรให้ความรู้เกี่ยวกับกัญชาที่มีผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพ และรณรงค์การเลิกสูบบุหรี่อย่างเข้มข้น หน่วยงานสาธารณสุขดำเนินการเชิงรุกในการให้ความรู้และสร้างความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพจากการใช้กัญชา ทั้งนี้ ควรเร่งออกกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกัญชาและมีการบังคับใช้กฎหมายอย่างเข้มงวด รวมถึงการกำกับติดตามการใช้กัญชาอย่างเปิดเผยในชุมชนItem Open Access ปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับความสามารถในการประกอบกิจวัตรประจำวันของผู้สูงอายุที่ได้รับการดูแลสุขภาพที่บ้านในพื้นที่เขตคลองสามวา กรุงเทพมหานคร(มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล, 2566) ดรณ์ ศรศิลป์; ณัฐนารี เอมยงค์; แอนน์ จิระพงษ์สุวรรณปัจจุบันประเทศไทยมีจำนวนผู้สูงอายุที่มีภาวะทุพพลภาพและอาศัยอยู่ตามลำพังเพิ่มมากขึ้น ดังนั้นจึงควรมีการศึกษาปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับความสามารถในการประกอบกิจวัตรประจำวันในผู้สูงอายุเพื่อพัฒนาระบบการดูแลสุขภาพระยะยาว การศึกษาภาคตัดขวางนี้ทำการสัมภาษณ์ทางโทรศัพท์ในผู้สูงอายุตั้งแต่ 60 ปี ขึ้นไปที่อาศัยในเขตคลองสามวา กรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 158 คน เพื่อประมาณการมีภาวะทุพพลภาพของผู้สูงอายุที่มีข้อจำกัดในการทำกิจวัตรประจำวันจำนวน 1 ด้านขึ้นไปเมื่อวัดด้วยแบบประเมิน Barthel index Activities of Daily Living (ADL) สถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ได้แก่ สถิติเชิงพรรณนาและการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยโลจิสติคทวิแบบพหุปัจจัย จากกลุ่มตัวอย่างทั้งหมดพบว่าสัดส่วนของกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่มีภาวะพร่องความสามารถในการประกอบกิจวัตรประจำวันเท่ากับร้อยละ 52.5 อายุเฉลี่ย 76.1 ปี ผลการศึกษาจากการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยโลจิสติคทวิแบบพหุปัจจัยพบว่า นอกเหนือจากปัจจัยด้านอายุแล้วนั้น จำนวนยาที่ได้รับ กิจกรรมทางกายและรายได้ครอบครัวที่เพียงพอมีความสัมพันธ์กับความสามารถในการประกอบกิจวัตรประจำวัน การนำผลของสารนิพนธ์ไปใช้: ควรมีการตระหนักถึงการทำกิจกรรมทางกายโดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มที่มีเศรษฐานะไม่ดีและเน้นการทำกิจกรรมทางกายตั้งแต่ก่อนเข้าสู่วัยผู้สูงอายุ อีกทั้งควรบรรจุกิจกรรมการออกกำลังกายในบริการการดูแลสุขภาพระยะยาวItem Open Access A study of a business plan : a case study of “Oral Moisturizing Products in Thailand for People with Xerostomia”(Mahidol University, 2023) Patcharapa Kudeesri; Thanarerk Thanakijsombat; Dissatat PrasertsakThailand is fully an ageing society in 2022. Elderlies are prone to develop a subjective dry mouth symptom called Xerostomia. Dry mouth people face daily difficulties such as swallowing food without drinking water, and remedy for Xerostomia is still hard to access in Thai market. This research aimed to explore the potential of oral moisturizing products for people with Xerostomia in the Thai market. This research explored both market entrant possibility and consumer preference of the products. For market competition, this research employed grounded theory by interviewing 25 modern pharmacies class-1 in the Bangkok region with 8 questions about their business operation and available oral moisturizing products, and the data were analyzed using the concept of saturation. For the consumer side, a survey was conducted with 400 Thai people who were older than 20 years old with a possible subjective dry mouth symptom. Respondents must answer 18 questions giving data about their general demographic and preferable 4Ps (product, price, place, and promotion) to support business marketing creation, which the data then analyzed using MS Excel calculation. The results showed that Thai pharmacies did not have artificial saliva related products for sales yet. There was room for this market to grow, but pharmacists suggested that it should highly differentiate from antibacterial-antivirus throat spray products. The results from customers revealed that people of 50+ years old were interested to buy when the price was between 110-159 Baht with traditional promotional channels such as television. Distributional channels should be through chain pharmacies with traditional preventive medicines. Implication of the thematic paper: For entrepreneurs in the dentistry or pharmacy field, this research has shown market opportunities and potential customer segments and preferences. This can help design a more suitable and marketable oral moisturizing formula. For business owners in the dentistry or pharmaceutical industry, there is strong legal protection on moisturizing recipe intellectual property that they need to consider in future business design.Item Open Access Factors predicting chronic malnutrition among young children in Myanmar(Mahidol University, 2022) Thiri Su Mon; Sudaporn Payakkaraung; Somsiri RungamornratChronic malnutrition (stunting) is one of the major health problems among children under five years old in Myanmar. This secondary data analysis of the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) was conducted to examine the predictors of childhood chronic malnutrition in Myanmar. The samples of mothers who had children less than five years of age were selected by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. To get the required data from the original data sources, a data record form was used. For detailed data analysis, descriptive data analysis, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used. Of a total 1,459 children, 15.8% of children suffered from chronic malnutrition. According to the Chi-square test, birth weight, breastfeeding, maternal education, ANC visits, and wealth index were significantly associated with chronic malnutrition (p<0.05). Furthermore, birth weight (OR = 1.87, p=0.009) and breastfeeding (OR = 2.05, p=0.000) significantly predicted chronic malnutrition. Likewise, the wealth index was another significant predictor of childhood chronic malnutrition with binary logistic regression results: richer (OR = 1.71, p=0.034), middle (OR = 2.21, p=0.005), poorer (OR = 2.45, p=0.004), and poorest (OR = 3.26, p=0.000) families compared to those of the richest families. Based on the findings of the study, it recommends that nurses understand the situation and influence factors of chronic malnutrition in Myanmar. Implication of the thesis: This present study reflects the predicting factors of chronic malnutrition among young children in Myanmar. All health care providers, especially nurses, should emphasize low birth weight infants for prevention of chronic malnutrition and promote breastfeeding for all infants and children in Myanmar. Policy makers should try poverty reduction and establish health care services that are easily accessible for the public, especially for the poor.Item Open Access Clear perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications(Mahidol University, 2022) Myo Zin Tun, 1995-; Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos; Tanant WaritanantWith excellent bandgap and transparency tunability, perovskite materials capture limelight for transparent energy harvesting. This work investigated low dimensional (Quasi 2D) triple cation perovskite thin films with high transparency and no phase separation for clear solar cell, UV absorber, and photodetector applications. Quasi-2D triple cation perovskite thin films with absorption edge close to 420 nm were accomplished. The optoelectronic properties of clear perovskite materials were adjusted upon CsBr incorporation. In this study, correlations between thicknesses, transparency levels, and optoelectronic properties were explored. With 1.5% Cs, the highest power conversion efficiencies of clear perovskite solar cells were 0.68% under xenon lamp irradiation at 100 mW/cm2 and 5.24% under 365 nm UV lamp irradiation at 2.4 mW/cm2. External quantum efficiency (EQE), responsively, and detectivity of materials were explored for photodetector application. Implication of the thesis: The developed perovskite materials are useful for clear solar cell, UV absorber, and photodetector applications. The uniform morphological distribution upon adding low amount of Cs was shown to be a significant improvement in the field of transparent photovoltaics. For photodetector application at 365 nm, EQE of 39.54%, detectivity of 2.42x10(11) cm Hz1/2 W-1, and rise time of 2.41 ms were achieved. This work demonstrates the benefits of composition tunability for desired optoelectronic applications.Item Open Access Symptoms and signs of sepsis in older adults and relatives’ perceptions toward the symptoms and signs(Mahidol University, 2022) Nattanicha Singjan; Nuchanad Sutti; Supreeda MonkongThe objectives of this descriptive research aimed to investigate the symptoms and signs of sepsis in older adults, and the relatives’ perceptions of the symptoms and signs of sepsis in older adults. Data were collected on 77 older adults diagnosed with sepsis at the emergency department and their relatives between November 2021 to January 2022. Questionnaires were used to collect the data by interviewing the relatives who take care of the patient at the time of illness occurring and recording the patients’ clinical data from the electronic medical records and the Search Out Severity Score alert sepsis form. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that older adults with sepsis had both typical and atypical presentations. The top five common typical presentations were drowsiness or deep sleep, rapid breathing or gasping, fever, chilling, and difficulty breathing/shortness of breath/dyspnea, whereas the top five common atypical presentations were malaise or fatigue, loss of appetite/reduced food intake, signs of dehydration, poorer existing disease, and decreased activities of daily living. Skin rash, poorer existing disease, urine or feces incontinence, dizziness, fainting, or unconscious, decreased activities of daily living, decreased walking, and signs of dehydration were the most common symptoms and signs that relatives were unsure of and did not recognize as sepsis, which had both typical and atypical presentations. Implication of thesis: Gerontological nurse practitioners and other healthcare personnel should focus on early screening of both typical and atypical presentations of sepsis in older adults, monitoring symptoms and signs of sepsis, and providing knowledge on symptoms and signs of both typical and atypical presentations to older adults and their relatives resulting in early detection at home and make an appropriate decision for hospital visit.Item Open Access The Thai version of the stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39g (SAQOL-39gTH) relative to strokes and aphasia(Mahidol University, 2022) Kulwadee Yolwong; Jeamjai Jeeraumporn; Sumalee Dechongkit; Sawitri ThayansinAphasia is an acquired neurogenic communication disorder caused by brain damage – most commonly from cerebrovascular accidents or strokes. Communication problems can affect the quality of life of people with aphasia. The Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39g (SAQOL-39g) was developed to assess the quality of life of people with aphasia specifically. The purposes of this study were to translate the SAQOL-39g into the Thai language (SAQOL-39gTH) by using a cross-cultural translation method and to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The validity was determined by using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the reliability (internal consistency) was evaluated by examining Cronbach’s α. The participants of this study were 30 people with chronic aphasia who had mild to moderate auditory comprehension impairment. The results of this study revealed that the SAQOL-39gTH was acceptable (no missing data, no floor/ceiling effects). The content validity was excellent (CVI = 1.00). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α was 0.908 for the overall scale; 0.864 for the physical domain; 0.895 for the communication domain; and 0.844 for the psychosocial domain). In conclusion, the SAQOL-39gTH demonstrated good validity and reliability. This instrument can be used as health-related quality of life measurement for Thai people with aphasia. However, further studies of psychometric properties such as test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of this instrument in a larger sample size are suggested.Item Open Access Tick bite precautions : lessons learned from Thai travelers via in-depth interview(Mahidol University, 2022) Panupong Kowsurat; Supitcha Kamolratanakul; Jittima Dhitavat; Saranath Lawpoolsri Niyom; Sant Muangnoicharoen; Janjira Thaipadungpanit; Sonthaya Tiawsirisup; Suthat Chottanapund thsTicks are blood-sucking arthropods that attach themselves to a host in order to feed. In public health, tick bites can be very important. Thailand has relatively fewer tick-borne human diseases than some other countries. However, these bites still cause many skin reactions and other serious problems. Preventive measures against tick bites include the use of repellents and protective clothing; avoiding tick-infested areas; and the careful removal of ticks. Even though many preventive methods are known, many Thai people still suffer from the symptoms of bites after traveling. This study used recordings of semi-structured but in-depth video interviews among Thai travelers who had a history of tick bite problems and attended the Dermatology Clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University between January 2018 and December 2021. This qualitative study's objective is to describe the experience of being bitten and the aftermath, as well as preventive measures used among Thai travelers who have a history of tick bites. The study also explores the reasons why travelers choose to use or avoid preventive methods. Eight of the fourteen participants traveled for the purpose of trekking through forests, while the other six traveled for other reasons such as camping in national parks, staying for leisure at resorts near forests, and returning from cities to their rural home towns near forests. The most common sites of tick bite were on the head and neck. Those who trekked knew the habitats of ticks and methods of tick bite prevention, but they did not practice the latter because of the inconvenience in a hot climate. Most travelers used insect repellent only once before trekking, on the grounds that it was uncomfortable and harmed the environment. They did not use the repellent on their heads and necks. Non-trekkers did not know the forest habitats of ticks, did not prepare for tick bite prevention, and thought that repellent could not prevent bites. Some travelers knew how to remove ticks correctly after a bite. Educational intervention is needed among Thai travelers to emphasize wearing a hat or headscarf when traveling in the forest and checking for ticks after trekking, including careful tick removal. Innovating insect repellent for ticks to apply on the head and neck in hot climates is the alternative to prevent tick bites in Thailand. The lessons learned from this study could help design preventive communication strategies for reducing problems with tick bites in the future. The local national park should warn travelers to be careful of a tick bite. Collaboration with the national park and tourism authorities in Thailand is crucial for successful implementation. Implication of the thematic paper: This study aimed to explore the reasons why many Thai travelers still have the problem of tick bites and whether they use any preventive methods or not. This lesson learned led us to a deeper understanding of tick bite problems among Thai travelers, which is thought to aid policy-making.Item Open Access The life of resistance : government schoolteachers and civil disobedience movement in Karen State(Mahidol University., 2022) Saw Yan Naing, 1998-; Karim, Abdul Gaffar; Bencharat Sae Chua; Mahidol UniversityThe civil disobedience movement in authoritarian states is not usually tolerated but repressed. The 2021 civil disobedience movement (CDM) of schoolteachers in Myanmar is the refusal to serve under the administration of the State Administrative Council (SAC), the military regime, and to stop the functioning of the administrative body of the SAC. The endeavor of CDM schoolteachers, from the stage of political expression to that of emancipation, is to change the narrative of political movements and education in Myanmar. State and non-state actors used various forms of repression to decelerate the movement of schoolteachers. The consequences on CDM teachers have a correlating effect on the future education of Myanmar, including reforming or rebuilding the basic education sector. As the CDM schoolteachers have encountered various forms of repression by state and non-state actors, the impacts on key stakeholders of education, especially unaddressed human rights violations, emerge. Examining the implication of the consequences of the repression illustrates schoolteachers’ attempt to democratize Myanmar and the position of authoritarianism in the political and social setting of Myanmar. Different key stakeholders in Myanmar, including military regimes, have different ways of approaching democratization to suit different interests. From the lens of human rights and democratization, this research explores the position of the civil disobedience movement of government schoolteachers in Karen State where complex ethnic armed groups’ politics exist. Throughout the civil disobedience movement, this study explains how schoolteachers bear the cost of the movement, including the major driving force of the movement and deprivation of human rights without regard for the rule of law. Through case study approaches, this paper scrutinizes three impacts of the CDM schoolteachers on security, finance, and social relations, by analyzing and categorizing its causing factors and actors. Taking the civil disobedience movement of government schoolteachers in Karen State as a case study, this study contributes to understanding the schoolteachers’ movement, as part of democratizing Myanmar, breaking down administrative power of the military regime, consciences about serving under the military regime, and the impact on the CDM schoolteachers and education key stakeholders due to soft and hard repression from state and non-state actors. Implication of the thesis: This research contributes to understanding the emancipatory politics of the civil disobedience movement of the schoolteachers from Karen State and helps inform policymakers for education reform in Myanmar. It also suggests further research questions on the civil disobedience movement of the schoolteachers.Item Open Access Transepidermal water loss of the diseased skin : evidence summary and clinical applications(Mahidol University, 2023) Chutima Seree-Aphinan; Kumutnart Chanprapaph; Poonkiat Suchonwanit; Kunlawat ThadaniponIntroduction: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a biophysical property of the skin that represents many physiological states. Numerous studies have evaluated the magnitude of TEWL in patients and implicated its values in various clinical applications; however, these data have not been systematically reviewed. Objectives: To describe and compare the magnitude of TEWL among adult patients with different pathological conditions. Methods: A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify publications involving the measurement of TEWL in adult humans. Primary studies that recruited subjects diagnosed with dermatological or non-dermatological diseases, evaluated TEWL in-vivo, and reported its value along with their distribution were included. TEWL estimates from included studies were summarised with mean and standard deviations per disease groups sharing similar pathology. The clinical implications of TEWL were also explored. Results: Five hundred and eighty-five studies were included. The conditions in which TEWL estimates have been reported, in order of frequency, were inflammatory dermatoses, sclerotic diseases, pigmentary diseases, wounds and ulcers, tumours, scalp diseases, and other medical conditions. TEWL has been most extensively studied in atopic dermatitis; its TEWL values were consistently higher than normal controls and correlated with skin barrier disruption. TEWL estimates in other diseases followed distinctive trends, with most inflammatory diseases showing higher-than-normal TEWL values. TEWL estimates of subjects with some degree of skin barrier dysfunctions (e.g., subjects with xerosis cutis, diabetic patients) did not differ from a healthy population. Some diseases demonstrated lower TEWL than controls (e.g., scleroderma, leprosy, diabetic neuropathy). Hence, TEWL estimates of non-atopic skin may reflect derangements of other TEWL-regulating structures in addition to skin barrier disruption. For clinical utilities, TEWL measurements can be used to assess topical drugs’ irritation potentials and monitor the disease activity of atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: The magnitude of TEWL is abnormally elevated by atopic dermatitis, congenital ichthyosis, and most other inflamed skin lesions due to skin barrier defects. TEWL values in other non-atopic diseases vary depending on the disease’s nature and may not always represent skin barrier disruption like atopic dermatitis. Implication of thematic paper: This thematic paper details the physiological role of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and what factors affect its values when quantified in-vivo. It also comprehensively reviews currently available data on TEWL estimates of subjects with dermatological and non-dermatological diseases compared to healthy volunteers and which physiological parameters TEWL values could represent for each disease. Since this information has not been comprehensively summarised elsewhere, this paper provides valuable information for researchers or physicians interested in incorporating TEWL measurements in their works.Item Open Access The cardiology PACS system security assessment based on OWASP guidelines(Mahidol University, 2023) Pitchayakorn Kantangkul; Prush Sa-nga-ngam; Adisorn LeelasantithamIn the digital era, the utilization of information technology (IT) or digital technology plays a pivotal role in driving the economy and conducting business. The security and reliability of systems are of utmost importance in data storage. It is imperative that these systems always remain operational and are safeguarded against cyber threats, particularly in the context of hospitals where data is sensitive and critical. As a result, the researcher conducted comprehensive security research using OWASP tools and best practices to thoroughly evaluate the PACS system, specifically its application in heart and vascular diagnostics. This research aimed to ensure that the system is secured and to identify any potential vulnerabilities or risks that may require attention in alignment with the business continuity management (BCM) processes of the organization. Implication of the thematic paper: The study focuses on the security of PACS systems, specifically in the diagnosis of heart and vascular conditions. The results provide insights into the system's security, its reliability, and areas that require improvement. The testing approach utilized the OWASP guidelines and tools, which can be applied to web applications or APIs within an organization.