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Publication Open Access Factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women in Kegalle district, Sri Lanka(2015) Sriyal Wijesinghe; Sariyamon Tiraphat; Seo Ah Hong; Jiraporn Chompikul; Nilmini Hemachandra; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Development, birth spacing with a child less than 3 yrs of age and strengthening of pre-pregnancy iron supplementation for expecting women with low BMI (underweight) will be useful modes to prevent future anaemia during the pregnancy.Publication Open Access Relationship between stunting and food provided to children aged from 6 to 24 months in Soc Son district, Hanoi,Vietnam(2009) Vu, Thi Nguyet Anh; Jiraporn Chompikul; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; Sirikul Isaranurug; ศิริกุล อิศรานุรักษ์; Jiraporn Chompikul; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Developmentselected as a study group and 118 normal children were selected as a control group. Secondary data included nutritional status and child’s birth weight. Mothers were interviewed and measured for their height after giving consent to participate. From Chi...-square test, the following factors increased the likelihood of stunted children (P-value < 0.05): mothers less than 150 cms tall, low birth weight, mothers’ lacking knowledge about iron supplement, inappropriate duration of monitoring an underweightPublication Open Access Factors associated with time to start antenatal care within 12 weeks gestational age among mothers in Mahasarakham province, Thailand(2016) Prapant Soontornprakasit; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Jiraporn Chompikul; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentTime to start antenatal care (ANC) within 12 weeks gestational age (GA) was important to reduce maternal mortality. This study aimed to determine factors associated with time to start antenatal care within 12 weeks GA among postpartum women in Mahasarakham province. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 537 postpartum women delivered in all hospitals of Mahasarakham Province, Thailand by using stratified sampling with proportion to size method. The self-administered questionnaires were used for this survey. Data were collected during June 1 to December 15, 2014 by using stratified sampling with proportional to size method. All cases of postpartum women who delivered in Mahasarakham province were included, except minority ethnic and illiteracy postpartum women. This study found that 99.6% postpartum women took at least 1 time to use services at ANC. 50.4% started ANC within 12 weeks GA and 18.6% were teenage (age<19 years) pregnancies. Only 6.6% had awareness of right time to start ANC within 12 weeks GA. After adjusted for confounding factors, the study found that teenage pregnancy was 2.39 times risk of delay ANC compare to adult pregnancy (Adj OR=2.39, 95% CI= 1.32-4.34) and women with universal health coverage insurance was 1.66 times (Adj OR=1.66, 95% CI =1.11-2.49) risk of delay ANC compare to the non-UC group. This study indicated that the first time to start ANC within 12 weeks GA should be greater publicized and wider campaigned among women of reproductive age especially the teenage group. Moreover, the reasons that the teenage and universal health coverage group delay ANC utilization should be investigated more using a qualitative research.Publication Open Access Determinants of the unmet need for family planning among married fecund women in Natmauk Township, Magway Region of Myanmar(2018) Aung Hpone Myint; Sariyamon Tiraphat; Jiraporn Chompikul; อัง โฟน มินท์; ศริยามน ติรพัฒน์; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentFamily Planning plays an important role in improving maternal and child health by means of adequate spacing of child births and preventing unintended pregnancies. Reducing unmet need is crucial in fighting against the high levels of inducedPublication Open Access Prevalence and risk factors of underweight status among children aged between six to twenty-four months in Hlaing Tharyar Township of Myanmar(2016) Zay Ya Soe; Jiraporn Chompikul; Seo Ah Hong; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA cross-sectional study was used to identify the prevalence of underweight status and risk factors among children aged between six to twenty- four months in Hlaing Tharyar Township. Two-stage stratified sampling method was used to randomly select 385 respondents. A face to face interview with a structured questionnaire were used to obtain data from mothers and their child’s weight were measured. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine associations between independent variables and underweight of children. Prevalence of underweight status was 17.7%. The underweight status was significantly associated with family income, mother’s occupation, father’s occupation, gestational period, age of the child, immunization, food intake between 10 to 12 months and 13 to 24 months. Immunization (Adj OR= 3.31, 95%CI= 1.13-9.66) remained significant predictors for underweight status of children when adjusting for the other factors. Children not taking vaccination were 3.31 times more likely to be underweight than those taking vaccination. The findings of this study suggested that promoting health education programs to increase knowledge of mothers, and increasing immunization coverage up to 100% should be done by the authorities to improve the nutritional status of the children.Publication Open Access Predictors of quality utilization of antenatal care services in Naypyidaw, Myanmar(2015) Wai Mon Soe; Jiraporn Chompikul; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentInformation regarding on quality utilization of ANC and associated factors in Myanmar is very limited. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to identify factors associated with quality (early and regular) utilization of ANC among women living in Naypyidaw Region, Myanmar. Multistage cluster sampling was used to randomly select 375 women aged 18-49 years who had at least one child in previous six months. They were interviewed face to face with structured questionnaire in May 2015. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine factors associated with quality utilization of ANC The results showed 57.1% of women utilized early and regular antenatal care which indicated that they visited antenatal care services during the first 12 weeks and at least 4 times. Only 57.4% utilized early antenatal care during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and majority (86.4%) utilized antenatal care services at least 4 times. Quality utilization of antenatal care significantly associated withwomen’s age, education, household size, place of residence, household income, number of pregnancy, number of children, cultural belief, knowledge, attitude, availability and accessibility, mode of delivery, place of delivery and women’s autonomy. Women’ autonomy and knowledge remained significant after adjusting for women’s age and education, place of residence and household income. Women with no autonomy were nearly 3 times (Adj OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.45-4.40)more likely to not utilize ANC early and regularly. Health education programs about quality utilization of antenatal care should be targeted to women with low education, low income and living in rural areas. Implementations of policies focus on quality utilization of antenatal care and enhancing women’s autonomy need to be promoted.Publication Open Access Prevalence and risk factors for diarrhea among children aged less than two years in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia(2019) Suyitno; Jiraporn Chompikul; Sariyamon Tiraphat; Khin Sandar Anye; ซูยิตโน; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; ศริยามน ติรพัฒน์; คิน แซนดา แอน; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentDiarrheal disease among children remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The youngest children are most vulnerable with the highest incidence of severe diarrhea in the first two years of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors for diarrhea in children aged less than two years in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The multi-stage cluster sampling was used to draw a sample of 469 respondents. The data collection was conducted from March to April 2018 using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression to examine factors associated with diarrhea. The results of this study showed that all of the respondents were females. Prevalence of diarrhea during the last two weeks in children aged less than two years was 16%. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that caregivers who had low family income (Adj. OR= 6.53, 95% C.I=2.99-14.25), poor practice of food preparation (Adj. OR=9.61, 95% C.I=4.15-22.30), poor to moderate knowledge about diarrhea and prevention (Adj. OR=5.17, 95% C.I=2.35-11.38) and poor healthcare accessibility (Adj. OR=5.88, 95% C.I=2.74-12.63) were statistically significant risk factors for diarrhea in children aged less than two years. These findings suggested that public health providers should design public health programs for public health centers to provide mothers, other family members and caregivers with health information regarding diarrhea prevention. Comprehensive information should be delivered, including food preparation, feeding behavior and good formula milk feeding practice to their children.Publication Open Access Determinants of cervical cancer screening among migrants in the Northern district of Yangon, Myanmar(2015) Chaw Su Nandar; Jiraporn Chompikul; Orapin Laosee; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA cross-sectional study was designed to identify factors affecting cervical cancer screening of migrant women aged 30-49 years in the Northern district of Yangon. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to ran- domly select 666 respondents. They were face to face interviewed by six trained interviewers after obtaining informed consent during April and May 2015. Chi–square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to examine associations between independent variables and cervical cancer screening. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening among migrants in the previous 3 year was 19.1%. Cervical cancer screening was found to be significantly associated with marital status, family history of cervical cancer, knowledge, affordability for extra pay to get screening, providers’ rapid response, waiting time, sources of information and encouraging support, and perception regarding perceived threats, benefits, barriers and cues to actions. After adjusting for age, family history of cervical cancer, and other factors in the model, perceived barriers (Adj OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1. 45-4.04) and knowledge levels (Adj OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.40-3.47) remained significant predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. Migrants with positive perceived barriers for cervical cancer screening were 2.42 times more likely to uptake screening than those with negative perception. Migrants with good knowledge about cervical cancer screening were 2.21 times more likely to have cervical cancer screening than those with poor knowledge. The findings of this study suggested that free of charge for VIA testing should be promoted for the whole country. Health education programs should be provided to migrants to increase knowledge and positive perception about cervical cancer screening services which will lead to a greater uptake in screening.Publication Open Access Knowledge and perception of pneumonai Disease among Mothers of Children under Five years attending Nakhon pathom General Hospital, Thailand(2007) Eddy Siswanto; S.U.Bhuiyan; Jiraporn Chompikul; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA hospital based cross sectional study was conducted to describe socio-demographic factors of mothers' mother's knowledge and mother's perception of pneumonia disease. Study was conducted at Nakhon Pathom General Hospital, Thailand period 22to 30 January 2007 by interviewing 140 mothers of children under five years attending a pediatric clinic by using structured questionnaire. This study found mothers were predominantly primary school graduates (37.14%). the majority worked as laborer (39.29%) with medium level of family income per month (87.86%). Around 66% of the mothers had fair knowledge about pneumonia. From this result, it was found that only a few mothers answered all the questions correctly in terms of simple signs and symptoms of pneumonia (7 %) and around 21% of the mothers answered all the the questions correctly in terms of cause and factors related with pneumonia . Around 81 % of the mothers had good perception and good perception and only a small number of mothers gave correct answers for all the statements. which was only 7% of all the mothers. Finally, no significant associations were found among the occurrence of pneumonia, mother's perception. The lack of knowledge mothers about simple sings and symptoms of pneumonia, and also the lack of knowledge about its of knowledge about its causes and factors related with pneumonia become important findings of this study. The perception of perceived benefits became dominant among all the perception's dimensions of the four found in this study. Community based public health education and training for health providers at all levels about correct and applicable prevention and assessments of pneumonia and other dangerous diseases should be promoted to ensure better transfer knowledge, better perception and better health practices in the community.Publication Open Access Determinants of tobacco smoking among presumptive TB patients in Taungoo Township, Myanmar(2017) Kyaw Hsan Tun; Seo Ah Hong; Jiraporn Chompikul; จอ ซาน ตุน; โซ อะ หงษ์; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Taungoo Township, Myanmar to examine prevalence and determinants of current tobacco smokers among presumptive TB patients aged 18 years and above. A total of 400 presumptive TB patients which was drawn by purposive sampling were face-to-face interviewed using a structured questionnaire in April, 2017. The questionnaire had three parts: socio-demographic factors, socio-environmental factors and psycho-social factors based on social cognitive theory. Harmful alcohol drinking and mental distress were measured by using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), respectively. Current tobacco smokers, the outcome measure were identified based on questionnaires of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine determinants of tobacco smoking. Prevalence of current tobacco smokers was 54%. In multiple logistic regression, factors significantly associated with tobacco smoking were sex (Adj OR=4.65, 95%CI=2.14-10.12 for men compared to women), education levels (Adj OR=3.89, 95%CI=1.19-12.65 for middle or high school and Adj OR=4.39, 95%CI=1.22-15.77 for primary school or less compared to college or university), income (Adj OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.42-6.54 for middle income compared to low income), marital status (Adj OR=1.97, 95%CI=1.01-3.81 for living without a spouse compared to living with a spouse), harmful alcohol drinking (Adj OR=3.42, 95%CI=1.77-6.60), mental distress (Adj OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.12-7.89), and knowledge about smoking hazards (Adj OR=4.94, 95%CI=2.49-9.76 for middle level, and Adj OR=6.50, 95%CI=2.45-17.24 for low level compared to high level). This study showed one in two presumptive TB patients were current smokers. Current smokers were particularly male, from low socioeconomic status and had poor knowledge, lived alone, drank alcohol, and had mental distress. This could help policy makers to identify people at risk of negative health outcomes of diseases, and promote the tobacco cessation services with integrated alcohol intervention in health facilities as a component of TB program in Myanmar.