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Item Metadata only Development of a participation program between school and family to prevent obesity among school-age children(Mahidol University, 2021) Pennapa Ritwong Suwannawong; Naruemon Auemaneekul; Arpaporn Powwattana; Rawadee ChongsuwatSchool and home have been found to be disconnected in practice, which has led to failed sustainability of obesity prevention among school-age children. The present study was based on ecological system theory (EST) approaches by applying participatory action research (PAR) to develop a participatory program between school and family to prevent obesity among school-age children. This study applied the PAR process by seeking problems to jointly plan corrections before testing plans and assessing results by observing, reflecting and this study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The stakeholders were composed of students, families, teachers, school lunch cooks, and shop vendors. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to analyze the quantitative data, while content analysis with the NVivo program (Version 10) was utilized to evaluate the qualitative data. The findings showed that the factors contributing to school-age obesity were complex and composed of individual factors, family environmental factors and school environmental factors. The entire school group wanted sustainable solutions for obesity while families wanted to participate but were unable to participate in school activities due to time constraints and a need to work for a living, while linking practices between home and school led to building sustainability. Therefore, the developed model covered all three levels by applying social media technologies consisting of Facebook, YouTube and LINE to continuity and consistency of practices at school and in the family.After performing all activities, the students were found to have improved in nutritional status. Behaviors compared between the experimental and control groups were different with statistical significance in the areas of students, physical activity and exercise behaviors (F(1,270)=28.356; p-value=0.000), and knowledge (F(1,270)=4.090; P-value=0.044). In families, perception of obesity in their children (F(1,270)=6.192; P-value=0.013) and family modeling behaviors (F(1,270)=13.847; P-value=0.000) in the experimental group and the control group were different with statistical significance. The schools changed school environments contributing to program sustainability and policy-driving. This study applied PAR with EST. The use of these two methods had positive effects leading to sustainability. Application of technologies led to connected and consistent practices at home and school. Parents participated more and had consistency of obesity prevention practices among students at home and at school.Item Metadata only A discourse analysis of Vietnamese decorative art(Mahidol University, 2014) Thanik Khachonkittisakul; Sophana Srichampa; Naraset Pisitpanporn; Isara ChoosriThis is an analysis based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to explore the interrelationship between visual illustration and its linguistic explanation in terms of multimodal discourse. This dissertation consists of two parts of analysis: first, the three meaning systems, which include Transitivity, Mood, and Theme systems; second, contextual analysis, which includes contextual values and contextual interpretation based on the context of the Vietnamese language. The multimodal text is taken from the book entitled Hoa Văn Cung Đình Huế (in Vietnamese) and a pilot study including fifteen fieldwork interviews from fifteen Vietnamese tourists. The findings show some realizations between linguistic and visual signs as a system of selections among potential meaning resources in terms of “social semiotics” identified by the system of Transitivity and Theme. There is no significant evidence to inform this existing relation within the system of Mood, which needs further investigation by gathering more data and using higher technological measurements for study. Within contextual analysis, the results show some characteristics of particular text realized by the configuration of three values, including Mode, Field, and Tenor. These three functional values rely on each other to produce a typical type of text. The book Hoa Văn Cung Đình Huế is thus the result of a selection of linguistic resources and visual resources (Mode) to produce a whole experiential meaning of multimodal text (Field), which is used to communicate with the reader or viewer (Tenor). However, there is evidence that the Mode is the first configuration among three contextual values that realize the contextual meaning of multimodal discourse, while the contextual meaning in this context is realized by two types of meaning interpretation: Meaning expansion and Meaning projection. Some benefits of this study can potentially be applied to other fields of human communications, including film, advertising, animation, and so on.Item Metadata only Model of music activities to enchance brain development of children from birthe to three years(Mahidol University, 2020) Natcha Techaaphonchai; Ni-on Tayrattanachai; Natee Chiengchana; Duangruthai PokaratsiriThe first three years of a child are imperative for the development of the brain, where music could have a significant role in enhancing such development. This research aims to 1) study the function of music in enhancing brain development of children from birth to three years, and 2) develop the model of music activities to enhance the brain development of children from birth to three years. This qualitative research was conducted through the early childhood music class observation and the focus group interview of 7 experts and the early childhood music teachers in Thailand. This data collection was used to gain more understanding of the relationship between music and the development of brain functions in memory, language, thought, and emotion. Subsequently, the data analysis was used to design the model of music activities for enhancing brain development in children from birth to three years. This research shows that 1) parts of the brain responsible for memory, language, thinking, emotions, and communication of children from birth to three years are significantly stimulated when children are contentedly eager to engage in sensorimotor coordination music activities, such as attention building, call & respond, go & no go, and improvisation. And found that 2) the best practice model for music activities that aim to enhance brain development of children from birth to three years should consist of three stages: motivation, music engagement and enjoyment, and reflection and feedback. These three stages can be achieved through cooperation between teachers and parents, knowledge of brain development stages, and a systematic evaluation plan.Item Metadata only Music iconology : social and cultural reflection in lower Mae Klong Watershed(Mahidol University, 2020) Traitrung Ploymong; Poonpit Amatyakul; Naringchai Pidokrat; Manus KaewbuchaThis study aimed at studying the details of socio–cultural contexts of music from murals in old temples, as well as synthesizing the interpretation extracted from those mural traces. The research scope focused on the context of Ubosadha murals, aged from Ayutthaya period to King Rama V. The conceptual framework was designed by the integration of interdisciplinary methodology, which included multi–dimensional themes, i.e. cultural structures, preliminary field survey, area management in terms of spatial–hierarchy, forms of Thai traditional mural painting, musicology, Buddhism literature, and principles of socio–cultural interpretation. From the preliminary survey, there were a total of seventy–one historical artifacts in the study, including thirty–five chapel murals, one chapel old image, thirty sermon pavilion paintings, and one Mandapa image, which appeared as the features of Buddha’s images in reflection of local cultures and musicology, as well as some of those found on Music Iconology images. The samples were mostly adorned from inside temple chapels across the three provinces of the scoped area then the images were classified, analyzed, and synthesized based on religious contents. Both socio–cultural contents and contexts of the images portrayed the area existence in the eras of those artists who painted them, reflecting socio–cultural life and concepts. Ethnic groups and cultural characteristics related to musicology and their cultural contexts were explicitly linked to the interpretation in the study. In summary, through painting scrutiny with musicology center, the reflection demonstrated dynamic dimensions of society, religion culture, and way of life of people from different periods.Item Metadata only Current dynamics and future trends for jazz in and around Bangkok, Thailand : พลวัตของดนตรีแจ๊สในปัจจุบันและแนวโน้มในอนาคตในบริบทกรุงเทพมหานคร ประเทศไทย(Mahidol University, 2020) Tayakorn Suwannabhum; Fyr, Kyle; Anak Charanyananda; Kom WongsawatThe objectives of this research were to examine historical developments of jazz music in Thailand, to analyze the current dynamics of jazz music, as well as to prognosticate future trends of jazz music in and around Bangkok using a qualitative research methodology. Data was collected from observations and interviews with key informants who are involved in jazz music in Thailand as follows: 1) Jazz teachers; 2) People involved in organizing jazz activities; 3) People involved in jazz business and careers; and 4) Professional jazz performers. The researcher then analyzed and synthesized the collected data for the purpose of presenting the historical movements and dynamics, including current jazz phenomena and future jazz trends in and around Bangkok. The results of the research showed that jazz dynamics in and around Bangkok can be divided into 6 areas: 1) Jazz education; 2) Jazz activities; 3) Jazz artists; 4) The jazz business; 5) Jazz writers and works; and 6) Jazz listeners. All six areas are dynamically interrelated and all of these groups play an important role in creating a jazz society in Thailand with a shared drive. Regarding future trends, this research also summarizes ways that jazz musicians in and around Bangkok must continue to adapt to changes in the political, economic and social conditions within Thai society.Item Metadata only Why young male integrated drug users transition from non-injecting pattern to heroin injection in the contemporary thai drug context(Mahidol University, 2020) Donlachai Hawangchu; Lamy, Francois ReneOpioid use and misuse are understudied in Thailand despite evidence suggesting that a portion of young people are initiating opioids while another portion of young Thai male integrated drug users (YMID) is transitioning to heroin injection. This study aims to answer why Thai YMID transition to heroin injection by capturing and analyzing the individual and social risk factors influencing these transitions. The interview guideline was inspired by the “Drug, Set and Setting” framework developed by Zinberg and encompassed several theoretical concepts stemming from Sociology, Psychology, Addiction theory and Criminology. Twenty semi-structured in-depth life history interviews were conducted between the months of December 2019 to January 2020 in the Bangkok metropolitan area with young Thai male opioid users who transition to heroin injection. Results revealed that YMIDs who abusively use opioid, transition to heroin use within 20.8 months and progress to heroin injection within 6.2 months. Respondent's decisions at the early stages of their drug career were mainly influenced by their social environment, which modified their initial representations regarding drug use, provide the opportunities and access to the substances, and taught newcomers how to use and enjoy each substance. During the latter stages of their career, respondents were more likely to use heroin to alleviate their withdrawal symptoms and were instrumenting their group to reduce the risk of overdose death and reduce heroin purchase cost. In conclusion, the interaction of specific social and individual factors at different stages modify the meanings, motivations, knowledge and practices of some YMID, who ultimately transition to people who inject heroin. Therefore, drug counseling interventions should be tailored for each individual based on the stage they are currently in. Furthermore, and despite the prevalence of methamphetamine, drug prevention program in Thailand should encompass young opioid users in their intervention. Finally, the extent of opioid / YaPro impact on the transition to heroin needs to be further investigated.Item Metadata only Language variation and vitality of Lawua in northern Thailand(Mahidol University, 2019) Rakkhun Panyawuthakrai; Mayuree Thawornpat; Suwilai Premsrirat; Siripen UngsitipoonpornThe objectives of this investigation were to study the language variation and vitality of Lawua in Northern Thailand, covering two provinces: Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son. The study was an analysis of Lawua phonological variation according to three age groups: 18-30 (young generation), 40-55 (middle-aged generation), and 65 years and over (old generation), both male and female, and determines the degree of Lawua language vitality among six Lawua villages: La Up, Pa Pae, Phae, Bo Sali, Kong Loi, and Mai Thung Son. The analysis of Lawua phonological variation was based on the data collected from 108 language consultants using 352 lexical items. The analysis of Lawua vitality and endangerment was based on the data collected from 1,061 language participants using a language vitality questionnaire adapted from UNESCO (2003) comprising seven questions on: 1) overall vitality and endangerment, 2) generational language use, 3) number of speakers (if possible), 4) proportion of speakers within the reference community, 5) domains of language use, 6) new domains of traditional knowledge (TK), and 7) the relevant materials or documents about language use. The results revealed that Lawua language varies phonologically and most often in the young generation, less often in the middle-aged generation, and least in the old generation. However, the vitality of the Lawua in La Up, Pa Pae, Kong Loi, and Mai Thung Son communities can be rated high because it is still spoken by children at home and in their communities, while in Phae and Bo Sali communities, it is definitely endangered because it is mainly spoken by the older speakers and inconsistently by the middle-aged speakers. In addition, Lawua shift to Kham Mueang and Central Thai through a lexical replacement is radically occurring in all communities. Hence, Pa Pae Lawua and Kong Loi Lawua showed a very high vitality but remains at an unsafe level, whereas La Up Lawua and Mai Thung Son Lawua was rated as having high vitality but definite endangerment.Item Metadata only Symphony on a "Pin-Hatai" thems(Mahidol University, 2021) Bhannavichaya Vadhanasiriphongs; Wannapha Yannavut; Rattanai Bampenyou; Karnyupha JittivadhanaThe objectives of Symphony on a "Pin-Hatai" Theme is a choral symphony, initiating from the author's cultivating experiences to a DM disseration. This dissertation comprises a detailed analysis of the symphony, and a music notation of Symphony on a "Pin-Hatai" Theme: three movements with the length of approximately 20 minutes in total. The main theme is derived from a Pin-Hatai theme which is a school theme song of Triam Udom Suksa School. Then, being re-composed in cyclic form and combined with various orchestral techniques, the repertory is transformed into a choral symphony, exemplifying Thai musical revolution with selective elemental preservation.Item Open Access Symptom experience, symptom management strategies and health related quality of life among patients with heart failure admitted to the hospitals in Myanmar(Mahidol University, 2017) Moe, Thida, 1973-; Usavadee Asdornwised; Orapan Thosingha; Chatkanok Dumavibhat; Natkamol ChansatitpornThis cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study aimed to describe the symptom experience (prevalence, frequency, severity, and distress) after admission (time 1) and one month after discharge (time 2), examine changes in symptom experience between those two times, describe symptom management strategies and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and determine the predictability of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and selected variables (age, employment status, comorbid condition) on HRQOL among patients with heart failure in Myanmar. The Theory of Symptom Management was used as a conceptual framework, and 140 patients with heart failure were recruited from three general hospitals by purposive sampling. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires including the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Heart Failure, and the Symptom Management Strategies-Heart Failure. The results indicated that almost equal percentages of female and male (51% vs. 49%) with an average age of 59.35 (SD=13.79) years involved in the study and 30% of them were employed. On average, the participants had 3.21 (SD=1.12) comorbid conditions and experienced 14.72 (SD = 4.94) symptoms at time 1 and 8.93 (SD=3.25) at time 2. Shortness of breath was rated as one of the top-ranked symptoms in almost all dimensions at both times. However, changes in rankings of symptom experience were found statistically significant between two times at p<0.001. The participants used an average of 18.53 (SD=5.02) symptom management strategies and reported mean HRQOL as a moderate level (39.89 ± 12.78). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the variability of HRQOL can be predicted 51.8% by the symptom experience (prevalence, severity, and distress) and symptom management strategies together with age and comorbid condition [R 2 =0.518, F(6,133)=23.845, p<.001]. The findings will guide the implications for nursing practice in symptom management of heart failure. Further studies are suggested to identify relationships among symptoms and develop an effective symptom management program for improving health-related quality of life among patients with heart failure.Item Open Access Designing a trumpet method conceptual idea through the study of fundamental trumpet techniques in Thai Luk Thung music and western pedagogical methods for trumpet(Mahidol University, 2022) Patcharee Suwantada; Bowman, Joseph L.; Fyr, Kyle; Ni-on Tayrattanachai; Narongchai PidokrajtLuk Thung music is an essential Thai musical style. Learning this style is a crucial part of a trumpet player’s chances for career success in Thailand’s musical industry. This research aims to generate a conceptual idea for a trumpet method design based on LukThung music through the study of three categories: 1) fundamental trumpet techniques appearing in Thai Luk Thung music, 2) comparison of fundamental technique approaches between Western pedagogical methods for trumpet and Luk Thung music, and 3) the possibility of using Luk Thung music to develop fundamental trumpet techniques for trumpet players. The purposeful sampling includes audiovisual materials, documents and in-depth interviews used for collecting data and analysis. The findings were discussed and presented as the model to design a trumpet method including: 1) purpose of the method design, 2) structure of the method, 3) scope of contents, and 4) details of contents. This generated conceptual idea will be a guideline for trumpet players, music teachers or trumpet educators who are interested to design their own trumpet methods based on Thai Luk Thung music that suits their needs.Item Open Access Developing a competency model for user experience designers in the digital age(Mahidol University, 2021) Atthaves Borriraklert; Supaporn Kiattisin; Adisorn Leelasantitham; Theeraya MayakulThe digital era has influenced the whole global economy and its job market. This environment has changed many existing jobs' mandatory skills and created many new job positions. User experience (UX) designer is an emerging career that many businesses seek for UX designers to develop users' experience and satisfaction in using their products, services, and systems. Although the discipline in the user experience design has been developed for decades, there is no consensus for its competencies. This research aims to develop the competency model for the UX designer in the digital era who has well-rounded knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding the value creation for today's business climate. The elements of the UX competency model were extracted through a systematic literature review based on the fields of design and human-computer interaction as they are the origin of the UX doctrine. Content and thematic analyses, based on the grounded theory technique were deployed to cluster those diverse elements into distinct units that illustrates the well-rounded competency model for the UX designer. The model evaluation was performed through 25 experts' judgment from the snowball sampling technique, then measured with content validity index (CVI) and the modified kappa statistics. The results of the competency model development are nine units and 63 elements of competency. The CVI indicated that the model has content validity. The modified kappa statistics confirmed the reliability of the model evaluation at the item-level, and Cronbach's alpha demonstrated the model's reliability at the scale-level. The units of competency can be classified into three types of competencies through a two-tailed T-test compared with the model average. The core competencies for the UX designers were design research and usability value. The functional competencies were design principle, design process, aesthetic value, information art, business acumen, and project management. The cross-functional competency was information technology. The findings illustrated three types of competencies for the UX designers. The core competencies (design research, and usability value) are mandatory for the UX designers since they must empathize with users' pain points, gain users' insight, and create the solutions that possess usability. The functional competencies are the abilities of the UX designers to complete their given jobs. Finally, the cross-functional competency is information technology that benefits the UX designers to work with a multidisciplinary or cross-functional team in the digital industry. The derived UXD competency model illustrated every dimension in the well-rounded proficiencies needed for the UX designers in the digital age. The model covered the UXD tasks and contexts in the digital age, and can be generalized for human resource development as a framework for the UXD job analysis in a design or technology organization.Item Open Access Precarity and informality in the Labour platform : the social protection recommendation for motorcycle taxi drivers(Mahidol University, 2021) Kritsada Theerakosonphong; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Narumol Nirathorn; Nopraenue Sajjarax Dhirathiti; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Krish RugchatjaroenIn the current situation, motorcycle taxi drivers are confronted with the consequences of ride-hailing apps for passengers, a lack of legal promotion and development, and a lack of social protection. The research objectives are to examine the gaps in social protection and the impacts of platform and adaptability, and to offer initial policy recommendations in strengthening the social protection system. The research approach is a mixed methods, with data collected from motorcycle taxi drivers in three areas of Bangkok, including cultural preservation and tourism promotion areas, business and commercial areas, and residential areas, totaling 400 sample as well as the interviews with 15 case studies on occupation and income characteristic and another case of participant observation. After that, a meta-synthesis of knowledge of informal workers and social protection and 14 articles for a database to provide social protection recommendations combined with the data from the interviews with 23 stakeholders were conducted. As a result of the research, the following main findings were reached: (1) passenger services via application are a cause of conflict with multiple actor, and no one bears responsibility; (2) public sectors should encourage participation in order to strengthen the informal workers because informality is hidden formality, which is a source of corruption by influential people, both government officials and non-government officials; and (3) although the motorcycle taxi drivers do not currently have social protection coverage, this study found a link between formalization via a public welfare card and short-term measures during the COVID-19 pandemic; Finally, consider the following research suggestions: (1) reviewing the sub-commission authority of the BMA Announcement because the representatives in five areas of the Bangkok Land Transport Office have authority beyond the scope of the law; (2) the Department of Land Transport should clearly prepare the pathway in solving the passenger service the applications; (3) the public sector should have regulations in place to monitor and control platform providers based on fairness to stakeholders; and (4) the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security should review the existing welfare programs and design new schemes based on new employment patterns in the future of work.Item Open Access The development of the state policy and administration on co-operative and its effect to co-operative movement in Thailand : the study of the past 100 years and present situations, and future direction(Mahidol University, 2019) Kultida Singsee; Chokechai Suttawet; Gamolporn Sonsri; Ratthasirin WangkanondThis study aims 1) to study the history and evolution of co-operatives in Thailand and the roles of the state that are associated with co-operatives in Thailand in the past century, 2) to study problems and evaluation performance of co-operatives in Thailand including problems of government agencies that take charge for promoting and supervising co-operatives, and 3) to seek suggestions and guidance to improving co-operative policies, roles of government and co-operatives performance in Thailand. The study was a mixed method research. Data were collected using interview and the focus group with 56 people who have been involved in the co-operative as government officer, co-operative officer and the representative of apex co-operative organization and a questionnaire survey with 300 representatives of 7 types of co-operative. In addition, data from documents and statistics were collected. The research results found that the pattern and origin of the notion of a co-operative established in Thailand were like others developing countries which have state as a leader to bring the notion of co-operative, distribute and establish co-operatives. The roles of the government were the promoter, advisor, supervisor, and regulator. The pattern of government administration with Thai co-operative in the past century kept changing as the role of promoter or supervisor. Concerning the problems of co-operative, it was found that most Thai co-operatives gave importance to the financial business. Therefore, they could not serve the need and help members in other dimensions. The members did not have a joint business with co-operative, and several co-operatives focused on seeking more profit to share with their members. Regarding the performance of the Thai co-operative compliance with co-operative principles, it was found that the operation of Thai co-operative did not follow the international co-operative principle in several aspects, especially on the first, fourth and six topics. The problem of the government agencies that are responsible for promoting and supervising co-operatives was found that there was a no clear policy to support the co-operative to be autonomous and self-reliance. The problems of insufficient officer, lack of business skill, and the fear of using discretionary powers affected the change of government officer role from promoter to controller or inspector, especially the co-operatives where misconduct and corruption were found. The suggestion from this research is that the co-operative law be amended by adjusting the roles of government as well as encouraging a strong co-operative apex organization to play a major role in their associations.Item Open Access Participatory communication through social media for creating positive attitudes of society toward persons with disabilities(Mahidol University, 2020) Ratirot Chansomdee; Tavee Cheausuwantavee; Paranee Visuttipun; Metta VivatananukulThis study used multiphase-design mixed methods research, by focusing on participatory action research (PAR) with 20 key stakeholders, including persons with disabilities (PWDs), evaluated by a pre- and post-test, namely Attitude Towards Disabled Persons (ATDP): Scale form A, with 45 Facebook users with Attitude Test ATDP-A. All participants were both selected by purposive sampling and volunteers. The main objective of the study was to develop media for creating more positive attitudes towards PWDs through their sharing, discussion, and working in the PAR group. The developed media was a short-film named, "Just Blind," aimed to cultivate general people’s perception towards PWDs as normalcy, diversity, and without excessive admiration as super-heroes through the Emic approach. From the study, it was found that the dynamic of PAR could increase participants’ awareness, a sense of belonging, empowerment of PWDs, and transformative learning. Significantly, it enhanced the positive attitudes of Facebook users toward PWDs. The findings reflect that the creation of effective media for enhancing positive attitudes toward PWDs should be conducted by a diversity of stakeholders, including PWDs, and display PWDs’ normal daily life rather than their extreme positive or negative living.Item Open Access Treatment outcomes of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in real-life practice : chemotherapy versus Multikinase inhibitors(Mahidol University, 2021) Songporn Oranratnachai; Sasivimol Rattanasiri; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Pawin NumthavajMultikinase inhibitors (MKIs) are the main treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). Nevertheless, the accessibility to MKIs in developing countries is limited. Chemotherapy (CMT) which is cheaper than MKIs may be an option for the patients. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of the CMT with MKIs in the first-line treatment of aHCC in the real-life practice. A retrospective cohort of aHCC using the real-world practice data from 3 medical schools and 1 regional hospital was conducted. The patients who received Doxorubicin, FOLFOX, or Sorafenib as first-line treatment between 2013–2019 were included in this study. Multiple imputation using the chain equation was applied to solve the missing data of covariables. The treatment effect model using Weight-adjusted-censoring inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (WAC-IPWRA) and IPWRA estimator was applied to time-to-event and binary outcomes, respectively. The results from the imputed data and listwise deletion were compared. A total of 673 patients were included in the estimation of relative treatment effects among Sorafenib (n=383), Doxorubicin (n=168), and FOLFOX (n=122). The treatment effect model, WAC-IPWRA estimators showed that Doxorubicin had the longest overall survival (OS) followed by Sorafenib and FOLFOX with the median OS of 23.3, 12.2, and 10.6 months, respectively. Conversely, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was the longest in Sorafenib followed by Doxorubicin and FOLFOX with the median PFS of 6.8, 5.6, and 4.8 months, respectively. Furthermore, the disease control rate was not much different in Sorafenib and Doxorubicin, but it was the lowest in FOLFOX. Finally, serious adverse events were present more in FOLFOX than Doxorubicin and Sorafenib. The results between the imputed data and listwise deletion were very closed in point estimate. Only the precision of estimation, in which the multiple imputation tended to have less standard errors when compared to the listwise deletion method. Even though the lower border of 95% confidence interval of difference of median OS crossed the non-inferior margin, the point estimate was not. Thus, we could not demonstrate the non-inferiority of CMT to Sorafenib. Therefore, further observational cohort studies with a larger sample size are needed to conclude that CMT can solve this clinical unmet need problem.Item Open Access Strategies to drive the administration of community justice in Thai society(Mahidol University, 2021) Worapol Pinit; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Phut Ploywan; Tanansak Borwornnuntakul; Chalermchai KittisaknawinThe objectives of this study are 1) to study the basic information and analyze the environment of community justice administration in Thai society, 2) to compile the concept of creating driven strategies of community justice administration in Thai society, and 3) to synthesize the concept of creating driven strategies of community justice administration in Thai society. The research is divided into three stages. Stage 1 - studying basic information on community justice administration. A questionnaire was prepared by using SWOT analysis technique to ask personnel working in community justice in the pilot provincial justice office in 19 provinces. The results were analyzed to form strategies by using the TOWS Matrix technique. Stage 2 - doing in-depth interview and focus group meeting using Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research (EDFR). Stage 3 - analyzing and synthesizing information for driven strategies of community justice administration in Thai society by undertaking EDFR and seeking of experts’ consensus. The research instruments were a semi-structured interview, questionnaire, and statistics used in data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, median analysis, mode, and interquartile ranges. The results showed that 1. Driven strategies of Community Justice Administration in Thai society provide a vision of “community justice as a proactive service for equal and fair access to the justice system” for providing justice to people at all levels with community justice as an alternative justice process at the local level in reducing the number of lawsuits in the mainstream justice process. These principles are to create peace and reduce conflicts in society. 2. Based on the study of the environmental context related to community justice, it was found that there were four strategic issues: 1) a strategy for upgrading the operation of the Community Justice Center to support the need for assistance from the people's sector; 2) a strategy for network development at the local level to support the cooperation of the peoples’ sector and the community justice center; 3) a strategy for developing an excellent management system to strengthen the Community Justice Center, and 4) a strategy for using legal powers to facilitate justice through the operation of the Community Justice Center. 3. Regarding the study, it was found that strategy 4, the strategy of using legal powers to facilitate justice through the operation of the Community Justice Center, is considered as a strategic challenge. The problems of government administration with different directions for community justice policies and the lack of direct community justice laws, resulting in the lack of a system for managing community justice, including government mechanisms between the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Justice, are not conducive to legal advocacy because of the working contexts not being integrated. 4. The results of the study of driven strategies of community justice administration in Thai society consist of 1 vision, 5 missions, 4 strategic issues, 13 goals, 46 indicators, and 24 strategies. It was found that the stakeholders had consistent opinions that Driving Community Justice Administration in Thai Society was appropriate, feasible to implement, and beneficial to the provision of justice for society.Item Open Access Production of co-expressed double-stranded RNA and virus-like particle in a novel escherichia coli strain for protection against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp(Mahidol University, 2021) Kitti Wuthisathid; Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn; Thawatchai Chaijarasphong; Kallaya Sritunyalucksana; Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun; Monsicha SomritWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes significant economic losses to shrimp aquaculture worldwide. In severe cases, WSSV can lead to a 100% shrimp mortality rate within five days. The aquaculture industry requires antiviral strategies. Currently, dsRNA-based platforms are among the promising tools for triggering an antiviral response in shrimp through an RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The main obstacle to utilizing the RNAi strategy in the shrimp aquaculture industry is the lack of a low-cost, efficient, and practical delivery approach. Recently, virus-like particles (VLPs) have been used as nanocarriers to deliver dsRNA into shrimp tissues. The VLP-based delivery system extends the half-life of the targeted dsRNA, provides broad tissue tropism, and enhances shrimp’s innate immunity. Recombinant proteins and dsRNA are traditionally expressed in two different E. coli strains, a protease-deficient BL21(DE3) strain, and an RNase III-deficient HT115(DE3) strain, respectively. To reduce the production cost of dsRNA-based treatment, VLPs and dsRNA were simultaneously expressed in a novel E. coli strain which is both protease- and RNase III-deficient, constructed via P1 phage transduction. The results revealed that the newly engineered E. coli strain could be harnessed to co-express MrNV-VLP and dsRNA-VP28. Co-expression of VLPs and dsRNA in the same cell is feasible. This platform could serve as a basis for future cost-effective and streamlined production of shrimp antiviral therapeutics.Item Open Access The comparative study on the role of Thai and Indonesian police in responding to terrorism under ASEAN community framework(Mahidol University, 2018) Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo; Phanchada Siriwannabut; Jutharat Ua-amnoey; Kittanathat Lerwongrat; Poom MoolsilpaThis dissertation has sought to explore the addressed three main research questions: (1) How Thailand and Indonesian police respond to terrorism? (2) How do Thailand and Indonesia adopt ASEAN counter-terrorism policy? (3) What should be effective guidelines for Thailand in preventing and countering terrorism? This qualitative study employed literature review and in-depth interviews of two groups of key informants: 1) Police officers on counter-terrorism and military intelligence officers and 2) security, legal and criminology experts. This study found that Thailand and Indonesia employed hard and soft measures in terrorism preventions. Problem sand obstacles in those efforts lie on the content in legal measures which are needed to adjust to respond with the current types of emerging terrorism. Both Thailand and Indonesia adopt ASEAN counter-terrorism policy to many areas of cooperation with the different degree. It is recommended that for effective mechanism in preventing and countering terrorism mechanism to support sharing of intelligence, effective de-radicalization strategies, interoperability approach for coordination and operation in cross-borders detection, and forensic sciences are vital.Item Open Access Quality of family planning care and modern contraceptive use in Indonesia(Mahidol University, 2021) Nurjaeni, 1979-; Umaporn Pattarvanich; Charamporn HolumyongThe utilization of modern family planning methods is a key pointer that mirrors universal access to reproductive health care. Fulfilling unmet needs for modern contraceptives may decrease maternal mortality by almost a third. Low modern contraceptive prevalence and high unintended childbearing pose substantial challenges for Indonesia in achieving sustainable development goals. Despite the fact that contraceptive behaviors are influenced by multiple and multilevel variables, studies on modern contraceptive use in Indonesia have concentrated on single-level and mostly individual and household variables, and less interest has been devoted to multilevel analysis that accounts for community and SDP characteristics that may affect a woman’s decision to use a modern contraceptive method. This research employed the 2016 PMA2020 survey to assess multilevel variables related to modern family planning method use among women of reproductive age in Indonesia. This study analyzed nationally representative data from the 2016 PMA2020 survey of 10,210 women in 372 communities (EAs) in Indonesia. Data from interviews of females and Service Delivery Point (SDP) of the 2016 Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) survey were linked to generate a merged dataset comprising women’s individual, household, cluster, and SDP factors ($N$=10,210). The data were analyzed using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model to assess the role of overall quality, structural quality, and process quality of family planning care and other factors in modern contraceptive utilization after adjustment for other covariates. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were analysed and interpreted. Modern contraceptive use among women of childbearing age was 42.3% in 2016. There were significant differences across communities (EAs) in how they included variables associated with modern FP adoption. Age, education, marital status, parity, residency, region, woman’s FP decision autonomy, community’s average ideal number of children, percentage of females dissatisfied with FP, and proportion of females visited by CHVs were significant factors for modern FP use after adjusting for multilevel characteristics. The quality of FP care was revealed to be a significant enabling factor for modern contraceptive use in Indonesia. The findings also showed evidence of the significant roles of structural and process quality FP care in modern contraceptive use. The key variables for structural quality were the number of modern methods provided, SDP supported CHWs, available water and electricity, and available skilled FP personnel, while the main factors for process quality were privacy and confidentiality of clients and the provision of post-partum services. Moreover, women with high autonomy in FP decisions, those who had free national/district health insurance, and those living in a community with a higher proportion of women visited by CHW also had higher odds of modern contraceptive usage than their counterparts. Yet, women who live in a community with a higher mean ideal number of children or a greater proportion of women citing personal/husband/religion opposition to FP that leads to dissatisfaction with FP, both had lower odds of modern contraceptive use than their counterparts. Modern contraceptive adoption among females aged 15-49 years was low in 2016. The findings expose the need to boost modern contraceptive usage and diminish inequalities across regions in Indonesia. The findings also indicate that an advancement in modern methods can be gained by improving the quality of family planning care. More precisely, improvement in structural and process quality in FP care will yield substantial growth in modern contraceptive use. Likewise, an enhancement in women’s FP decision autonomy and their level of education are other concerns to be addressed. Moreover, FP workers should also address prevailing cultural/traditional customs in the community and should target communities where the demand for modern FP is deprived by social beliefs and norms. Overall, family planning policies must tackle adverse cultural norms and inequities in the quality of family planning care and women’s education that would cause harm to women, children, and communities. Yet, findings from multilevel mixed-effect regression analysis have demonstrated that there was significant variation across communities (EAs) in how individual, household, community, and SDP factors affect modern FP practice. Hence, context should be taken into consideration in the development of FP intervention and promotion programs.Item Metadata only Effects of changes in rainfall and land cover patterns on surface runoff in the Ayung watershed in Bali, Indonesia(Mahidol University, 2022) Dharamayasa, I Gusti Ngurah Putu, 1978 -; Ranjna Jindal; Kritsanat Surakit; Romanee ThongdaraClimate change is associated with changes in temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns.While increased rainfall causes flooding in a watershed, a lack of enough rainfall leads to drought and waterscarcity. Moreover, land conversions of forests and farmlands to residential and commercial zones, which are needed to deal with population growth, urbanization, and infrastructure development activities, cause increasing surface runoff that may also contribute to flooding. The Ayung River watershed, the largest watershed area on the island of Bali in Indonesia, has been experiencing environmental disasters of flash flooding caused by climate change induced rainfall coupled with increased surface runoff due to land cover changes. This study is aimed at evaluating the potential for flooding or drought in the Ayung watershed dueto the effects of changes in rainfall and land cover.Firstly, future rainfall forecasts were generated using the global climate model (GCM)established by the National Center of Atmospheric Research in the United States for the most likely climatechange scenario (NCAR). The Indonesian meteorological department provided rainfall data for the years 2006to 2018 from eight rainfall stations located across the Ayung watershed (Sading, Mambal, Tegalalang,Tampaksiring, Bedugul, Pengotan, Gitgit, and Kedisan). Simulated rainfall from the NCR model for the same time period was compared to observed rainfall for four climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5). Rainfall projections were made for the period of 2019-2030 using the most appropriate scenario(RCP 6.0) for the Ayung watershed. Future predictions indicate a decrease in rainfall, leading to the potential for insufficient water supply in the future.The land cover maps for the four categories, namely forest, agricultural land, settlements, and grasslands, were obtained for the period 2006-2019 by manually digitizing the maps given by Google Earth at a scale of 1:20,000 in order to examine the land cover changes in the Ayung watershed. Following that, two approaches were used to calculate runoff coefficients in the Ayung watershed: (1) Hassing method and (2)Cook method. According to the findings, agriculture and forest areas were reduced by 647.8 ha and 553.1 ha, respectively, due to conversion to fast-growing grasslands or unproductive land. Such changes in land cover have a detrimental impact since they raise the runoff coefficient in the area. The runoff coefficient wascontinuously greater than 0.6 during the study period (high-risk category). Flood risk maps could be created topinpoint flood-prone locations. Several places in the Ayung watershed appear to be in high flood risk categories(runoff coefficient >0.6) based on runoff coefficient mapping between 2012 and 2019. The situation worsens as forests and farmlands are converted to grasslands and settlements, resulting in a higher runoff coefficient.Several portions of Denpasar, in particular, have seen a considerable increase in the runoff coefficient (>5%)from 2012 to 2019. As a result of the increased surface runoff, there is a high risk of flooding in the area. Theheightened risk of floods in Denpasar, a densely populated city, could have a negative impact on its residents.Finally, flood modeling was carried out for several return periods including 5, 10, 25, 50, and100 years, using the HEC-RAS software, to determine the effect of flooding on settlements in the Ayungwatershed. The modeling predicted water levels and changes in flood depths in four sections in the city ofDenpasar, namely Penatih, Kesiman, Kesiman Petilan, and Kesiman Kertalangu, were predicted to experiencefairly serious flooding in the future.Changes in land cover patterns have increased the possibility of floods in the Ayung watershed,according to this study. Such data could be valuable in predicting future floods and