Dissertations
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/88392
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Metadata only Public service improvement of industrial waste management and new management approach through net-working for sustainable development(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Peerapong Nissapokin; Chokechai Suttawet; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Seree Woraphong; Kanokwan KomonweeraketThis research is aimed at three main objectives, (1) to study the industrial waste management measurements of advanced countries applying the industrial wastes management principles at the international level, and make a comparison with the domestic standard measurements for the industrial waste management in Thailand, (2) to study the situation in industrial waste management and the problems in the net-working approach of the government sectors and private sectors (factories), both internal and external industrial estate, and (3) to develop a new way of government public service of industrial wastes management among concerned organizations for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial waste management for continuous sustainable development. The research work is a qualitative -lead quantitative integration kind. The tools of research were in-depth interview, questionnaire and focus group. The used statistics for data analysis are the percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Findings; 1. It was found that the 10 international principles are consisted of 1) Reduction 2) Re-use 3) Recycle 4) Treatment 5) Disposal 6) Sorting 7) Recovery 8) Prevention 9) Storage 10) Energy and material conservation. That not all of those 10 international principles aforementioned were applied for assessment from the private sectors (factories), both inside and outside the industrial estate, gave most use of disposal, and gave least recovery, or showing that it was not emphasized at the main cause or at the original as in many other advanced or progressed industrial countries in the International Standard Level are doing. 2. The Efficiency and effectiveness of the government sectors in wastes management of both inside and outside of the industrial estate, in the Samut Sakhorn Province, including the participation, cooperation and collaboration from the community were at the moderate level, this indicated that the industrial waste management of the government sectors is still needed highly to improve for higher efficiency and effectiveness of services. 3. The new trends in improvement of public service by the government for promoting the net-working approach management should be in setting up or creating committees that work in each zone, district or provincial level, including integration of private sectors (factories), by support from the government, for collection and accumulation of industrial wastes in each of the provincial zones and areas. The project should begin in Samut Sakhon Province.Item Metadata only Flood resilience practical adaptation in flash and inundation flood-affected areas in Thailand(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2018) Olarn Charoenchai; Kampanad Bhaktikul; Vimut Prasertpunt; Thongplew KongjunThe objectives of this study were to assess flood resilience of houses and socio-economic adaptation of households in flash and inundation flood-affected areas in Thailand. Five flash and five inundation flood-affected areas in Thailand were chosen to be study sites. Guided field walks, architectural measurement, and in-depth interview were used to collect data. Disaster Resilience Framework was employed as the main frame to assess flood resilience in this study. The software named Robot Structural Analysis Professional (educational version) was used to assess robustness of houses to water flood and debris flow in flash flood sites. The assessment on robustness of house's materials to inundation flood and the assessment on redundancy, resourcefulness, rapidity of houses and socio-economic adaptation of households to flash and inundation flood were undertaken by applying the technique of Directed Content Analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) About robustness assessment of physical characteristics of houses in flash flood-affected areas, main structure of all types of house can withstand flood loads of water flood except wooden single-story house and all types of house cannot endure impact loads of debris flow except double-story house which downstairs' main structure is reinforced concrete, all types of downstairs wall breakdown when they are stricken by flood and impact loads whereas ground floor panels both slabs on ground and on beams still exist. 2) About robustness assessment of houses in inundation flood-affected locations, all types of house are not resilient to flood, wood components of wooden house degrade in form of swelling, twisting, cupping, bowing, and checking. Reinforced concrete members of concrete house gradually deteriorate by carbonation and chloride ingress process that cause the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars that leads to the loss of strength of such members. Masonry walls of concrete house degrade by sulphate crystallization in masonry units and mortar that cause the breaking apart of masonry units and the erosion of mortar joint. 3) Most physical characteristics of houses and socio-economic adaptation of households in flash and inundation flood sites represent at least one of three remaining properties of disaster resilience: redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity whereas some characteristics and adaptation are outside the scope of Disaster Resilience Framework and need new words to explain them.Item Metadata only Factors predicting clinical outcomes in patients sustaining road traffic injury during the emergency phase(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Petcharat Eiamla-or; Orapan Thosingha; Suporn Danaidutsadeekul; Chukiat ViwatwongkasemThe purpose of this study was to examine the factors predicting clinical outcomes in patients sustaining road traffic injury at emergency department (ED) and before hospital discharge. A cohort study research design was conducted at 12 hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan and the central region of Thailand. The sample comprised of 520 trauma patients and 157 triage nurses. Data were collected using questionnaire from April, 2016 to March, 2017. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that majority of patients (74.6%) had accident on the main road, using motorbike (81.15%), and was a rider or driver (70.77%). Around half of them used the motor vehicle with expired motor compulsory insurance. Around 75% did not wear any safety equipment protection, and 64% drank alcohol before driving. More than a half (54.6%) was classified into Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level I. The majority of injured body region was head (72.31%) and extremities (60.58%); 59.2% had Injury severity Scores (ISS) ranged from 25-49.). Probability of survival scores was 85.8%. On ED arrival, there were 208 patients (40%) who were in shock stage. At ED discharge, 41.35% recovered from shock, but 51.92% were still in shock, and 6.73% died. At emergency department discharged, 62.9% of them were not in shock stage, 33.8% demonstrated shock, and 3.3% died.On scene care and severity of injuries can explain the clinical outcomes at emergency department discharged at 4.8%. At the phase before hospital discharge, 9.8% were discharged from the hospital with permanent disability, and 65.2% still had at least 1 organ dysfunction. There were 24.2% of patients who died during hospital stay. The finding also indicated that on scene care, severity of injuries, patient's age, having valid motor vehicle compulsory insurance and MSI at emergency department discharged, can explain clinical outcomes before hospital discharge at 25.6%. Patients who were transferred from the scene by advanced ambulances showed the odd of survival rate 2.076 times higher (95% Cl, 1.215-3.545; p=.007) than those who were transferred by the foundation's van, personal pick up van or taxi. It is recommended that patients with severe road traffic injury should receive effective on scene management and being transferred by an advanced ambulance. Modified Shock Index should be utilized as a standard scoring system for patients with severe injuries. In order to improve clinical outcomes, prevent permanent disability and decrease mortality among patients with severe injuries, hemodynamic status should be monitored and managed throughout their hospital stay.Item Metadata only Emotion management : fluidity of sexuality and sexual health risk of Laos migrant female sex worker (Saokaraoke) in transnational context(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2017) Nattawut Singkul; Pimpawun Boonmongkon; Suchada Thaweesit; Guadamuz, Thomas E.The research studies emotion and emotion management, sexuality and risks among Laotian migrant female sex workers in a transnational context, using an ethnographic methodology, participant observation, and field study. The fieldwork was conducted for two years during 2014-2016 in a border area in Thailand. The researcher used focus group interviews among 40 karaoke bar workers, 20 in-depth interviews, ten sexuality narrative analysis and 45 ethnographic interviews with local stakeholders, namely: officials, community members, karaoke bar visitors, and nongovernmental organization staff. The research used emotion labor and emotion management by Arlie Russell Hochschild as a theoretical framework in the study, and sexuality narrative-based emotion analysis from the transnational migrant sex workers' (Laotian karaoke bar workers) story. From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that emotions are a necessary tool for Laotian migrant sex workers ("sao karaoke" or karaoke girls) in their work and their everyday lives. Emotion and emotional labor is the medium of exchange with customers, including emotional management, superficial acting, and deep acting in the workplace. Sexuality is used as part of work that is linked to intimacy, satisfaction, attraction, and seduction. There is sexual emotion that fortifies bargaining power and agency among migrant workers, for this reason, karaoke girls have not been entirely commoditized in the sex industry, through emotion management strategies, namely: partner screening, selection, and refusal, prioritizing clients, lovers, or boyfriends, and creating bodily boundaries. Karaoke girls also use emotions associated with sex work, multiple identity constructions, together with using emotions for sexual pleasure and satisfaction from work. Notwithstanding the fact that karaoke girls face poverty and inequality which are primary and essential conditions that drive Laotian migrant workers (karaoke girls) to engage in sex work in Thailand, they are not objectified by men or Capitalism in the sex industry. Karaoke girls maintain their subjectivity and agency as they choose and act throughout the use of emotion and emotion management-- a negotiation strategy and tool for work and lives under the context of survival and sexual health risks in transnational sex workItem Metadata only Impacts of an inquiry mastery digital game-based learning approach on students' achievements and perceptions in learning science concepts(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Narisra Komalawardhana; Patcharin Punjaburee; Khajornsak Buaraphan; Wararat WongkiaIn recent years, many studies have reported the benefits of the digital game-based learning in supporting and enhancing students' learning performance and revealed that learning strategy-driven digital game could encourage knowledge construction. Well-designed digital game-based learning environment has been becoming a challenge and crucial research issue. Inquiry-based learning approach has been recognized as an excellent teaching and learning strategy to engage students in constructing knowledge and to make learning more meaningful. Moreover, mastery learning approach has been employed to ensure that all learning objectives could be achieved. In this research, an inquiry mastery digital game-based learning approach was developed in two phases. The first phase evaluated perception and learning interest of students who had different genders and learning styles in the developed digital game-based scientific inquiry approach. The second phase extended the conventional approach into the inquiry mastery digital game-based learning approach by considering personalized achievement level. These two studies revealed that the students had good attitude and learning interest in the digital game based scientific inquiry approach with no gap between gender and learning style. Moreover, the inquiry mastery digital game-based learning approach by considering personalized achievement level could improve the students' learning performance better than the conventional inquiry mastery digital-game based approach. This research suggested that the development of a personalized digital game-based learning with the appropriate learning pedagogies, such as inquiry-based learning and mastery learning approaches improve the students' learning performances in terms of cognitive and affective domains.Item Metadata only Promoting the usage of trademark infringement law of the sport industry entrepreneurs(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Oam Toaj; Prasertchai Suksa-ard; Somthop Thithathan; Wanchalee NoriyaThe objectives of this research were to study usage promotion of trademark infringement law of sport industry entrepreneurs and to analyze those factors. The exploratory sequential mixed methods design was characterized by an initial qualitative phase of data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, with a final phase of integration or linking of data from the two separate strands of data. The samples consisted of 300 law users, the entrepreneurs and the consumers, recruited using the purposive selection sampling method. The research tools in this research were interview form and questionnaire issuing in internal and external factors. The collected data were then analyzed in terms of means and standard deviations. Factor analysis and content analysis were also employed at the statistical significant level of .05. The results found that promoting the usage of trademark infringement law of the sport industry entrepreneurs were consisted of the 7 components. The eigenvalues were in between the level of moderate and high (2.736 - 2.904), which in descending order were: ethics, needs, attitudes and values, product, society, law, and economics. The qualitative results were verified by group interviews with key informants. Factor analysis was used in this research, which was rarely applied in law research. It provided the concrete results, understandable to society which consisted of 7 components that affected stakeholders and organizations for problem solving and efficiently enabling usage promotion of trademark infringement law of the sport industry entrepreneurs.Item Metadata only Developing aftercare treatment for the newly released female inmates in Thailand(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Sirilak Pongchoke; Srisombat Chokprajakchat; Nathee Chitsawang; Theerat BunnagThis mixed-method study entitled "Developing aftercare treatment for the newly released female inmates in Thailand" aims to 1) find out the problem and impediment of the present operation, the needs of the newly released female inmates, and the factors affecting the achievement of the rehabilitation programs of Department of Corrections, 2) improve the treatment system towards the newly released female inmates and develop the appropriate aftercare treatment for the newly released female inmates. The documents, indepth interview, focus group, and questionnaire were utilized in data collection from those executives of Department of Corrections and Department of Probation and the scholars in the total of 10. The in-depth interview was still conducted with 3 newly released female inmates and the focus group was conducted with 15 operators of Department of Corrections while the questionnaire were answered by 280 female inmates who are going to be released. From the study, it is revealed that the government has the policy in taking care of as well as rehabilitating the newly released female inmates through the operation approach based on the integration of networks and a social sector in order to monitor and favor those newly released female inmates in the 2017 - 2021 fiscal year. They also have the correcting, rehabilitating, monitoring, assisting measures for the offenders in the community at the office level. In addition, they still have the Phiboon Songkhroh foundation functioning in helping the newly released female inmates under the supervision of Department of Correction administration. Nonetheless, the problems that Department of Corrections are facing start from screening, assessing, and rehabilitating the inmates. These are the consequences of the inmate overflow of the prison. Apart from this, the problem in concretely monitoring and assessing the newly released female inmates is still found in the study.Item Metadata only Subjectivity and polypharmacy using behavior among the elderly in the southern rural area of Thailand : an ethnographic study of a community in Nakhon Si Thammarat province(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Tida Sottiyotin; Penchan Pradubmook-Sherer; Luechai Sringernyuang; Pimpawun BoonmongkonElderly health issues is an important challenge that the world faces with the transition into an aging society. Previous studies have shown that the use of polypharmacy among the elderly in the world and the southern rural area of Thailand was increasing and has become the cause of health risks in the elderly. In addition, the increase of leftover medicine and medical expenditure are the empirical problems that occur in the community. The use of polypharmacy among the elderly always was described as irrational drug use or noncompliance behavior. The research objective is to describe subjectivity and behavior of polypharmacy under the context of the life of the elderly in society, culture, and drug distribution system in the southern region of Thailand. Critical ethnography was used in this study. A community in Nakhon Si Thammarat province was used as a research setting and eight elderly people were chosen for in-depth study for 10 months (February to November 2019). The polypharmacy using behavior was divided into eight patterns including continuous use, requesting a spare medication, using the self-adjusting dosage, using other medication together with a prescription, trial use, using medication along with lifestyle modification, using medication along with self-created medication management tools, and sharing of medication with others. The subjectivity of the informant who plays the role of the elderly, patient, and polypharmacy user was found to be diverse, fluid, and frequently changing. Elderly subjectivity was divided into two groups: positive and negative. The polypharmacy in the elderly's everyday life was defined by the etic viewpoint as a normal and reasonable phenomenon, while the behaviors were defined as the difference between health professional viewpoint and family member viewpoint. A large amount of medication that exists in the elderly lives is the result of two forces: the first is social and cultural power that push medication into the lives of the elderly, and the second is the elderly's active agency that is willing to use their received medication by the valuable meaning. The use of polypharmacy among the elderly is reasonable which related to the context of life and the complexity of subjectivity. This study recommends that the implementation of rational drug use policy should be directed by taking into accounts both local sociocultural, medical, and health care cultural context for balanced medication use in the life of the elderly and in promoting the use of medications that are worthwhile in terms of quality of life, clinical results, and economic value.Item Metadata only Factors associated with access to health service and health-related quality of life in knee osteoarthritis patients(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2017) Siriwan Choojaturo; Ketsarin Utriyaprasit; Siriorn Sindhu; Chukiat ViwatwongkasemIn recent years, worldwide health service system was created to address the burden of knee osteoarthritis (OA) to improve patient's health-related quality of life and to ensure equitable access to health service needed. However, the core reality in current practice is that nearly half of knee OA patients who presented in the health system do not have access to health services. These relatively raise important questions about the nature of health services system and what (if any) factors can better improve the quality of life in the real setting. A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted to investigate the association of health service system-related and patient-related factors with access to health service and quality of life. The subjects were 618 cases of knee OA who had received osteoarthritis management at 16 hospitals in Thailand. Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed the difference between the effectiveness factors associated with access to health service and the effectiveness factors associated with health-related quality of life. This study indicated that quality of life of knee OA patients was unfavorable (fair-to-poor; approximately 33.8). Providing OA evidence-based recommendations for practice were varied and limited. Approximately 38.2% of knee OA patients find it very difficult to get medical care when needed, and only 54.2% received adequate and appropriate interventions before referral for total knee replacement. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or Cyclooxygenase II (COX II) inhibitors were common prescriptions to all knee OA patients, but only 54.7% were dispensed as an adjuvant analgesic drug with appropriate caution. More than 85% of orthopedic health services had implemented chronic disease management (CDM) policy into practice. However, the implementation was basic, with an average score of 5.9. Structural Equation Modelling analysis showed that both health system-related factors (β = .10, p = .01) and patient-related factors (β = .29, p = .00 for self-management and β = -.49, p = .00 for disease-related factors) were directly and indirectly associated with HRQOL and correlated with each other. Whereas, the important factor related to quality of life and access to health service was patient's self-management (β = .29 for health-related quality of life and β =.20 for access to health service). This finding is robust across symptom severity and remained significant after adjustment for other factors associated with quality of life. However, the association between access to health service and health-related quality of life was not statistically significant (β = -.00, p = 1.0). This study has elicited powerful information about access to health service and quality of life from the individual and health system perspectives. Furthermore, there is a need to develop orthopedic health service which gives immediate response to patients' need both in quantity and quality of care.Item Metadata only The development of an Intelligent Travel Technology Assessment Model (ITTAM)(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2019) Noppadol Phaosathianphan; Adisorn Leelasantitham; Supaporn Kiattisin; Taweesak SamanchuenThe objective of this study was to develop an assessment model of intelligent travel technology which includes two groups of antecedent variables, namely external factors (Ease of Use, Trust, Enjoyment, Design) and belief factors (Usefulness, Quality, Safety and Empathy), and two groups of psychology variables, namely function factors (Pre-Trip, On- Route, On-Site and Post-Trip) and feeling factors (Satisfaction and Intention to Use). These factors would influence the user acceptance and perception of destination impacts that include three variables, namely Competitiveness, Loyalty and Sustainability. According to an indepth review, essential theories include travel, tourism, VPA, IPA, AI, IoT, DIT, TAM, UTAUT, IS Success Model, IS Continuance Model, Human-Computer Interaction, Socio- Technical System and so on. These theories were used to formulate the research model then transformed it into the research hypothesizes and produced an online questionnaire that was surveyed via social media platforms such as Facebook and Line. The collected data was 400 voluntary respondents which were analysed with descriptive statistics such as percentage and standard deviation (S.D.) by PASW Statistics v.18.0.0 and inferential statistics such as measurement model and structural model by SmartPLS v.3.2.8. Therefore, this study aids in understanding the factors and psychology process influencing user acceptance and perception toward destination impacts of using intelligent travel technology. Finally, the results of this research could apply to design and implementation of intelligent travel technology, and also thoroughly assess the technology acceptance and perception of destination impacts.Item Metadata only A discourse study of community justice policy implementation under the policy mottos Justice for All, All for Justice and Justice to All, All to Justice(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Chatchai Mangkornsangkaew; Chokchai Suttawet; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Srisombat ChokprajakchatThe purpose of this study was three-fold. Firstly, it aimed to study and analyze community justice policy implementation under "Justice for All, All for Justice" and "Justice to All, All to Justice". Secondly, it aimed is to understand the very meaning of those discourses above in community justice policy. The last objective was to study the result of discourse to policy implementation and to forensic use of national identification in community justice policy. The data were gathered from relevant documents, policies, questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion from upper-level administrative officer (1), scholarly expert (1), general-directors (2), heads of unit (2), non-government officers (3), directors of division (5), and justice provincial officers (131).Critical discourse analysis was chiefly employed for data analysis. The research results revealed that the implementation of community justice policy under "Justice for All, All for Justice" and "Justice to All, All to Justice" apparently instigated not only the use of top-down approach "Administrative justice to people", very frequently but also bottom-up approach as "Access to justice of people" less frequently. The meaning of the discourse in general is the same. However, in the case of content, the very meaning of "Justice to All, All to Justice" is more emphasized on reduced social gap than "Justice for All, All for Justice". It could be implied that "Justice for All, All for Justice" is related to top-down approach, whereas, "Justice to All, All to Justice" is related to bottom-up approach. At present, both of bottom-up and top-down approach, top-down, and bottom-up approach could be seen in rank-order, respectively. The resultant of discourse to community justice policy implementation and forensic uses of national identification showed that "Justice to All, All to Justice" is a way for justice ministers and politicians to get into locale to cultivate justice perception to people which is different from "Justice for All", All for Justice" which emphasized on perception of government officers. As a result, the very meaning of both discourses are the same, and the effect to policy implementation is little. Likewise, there are no effects of forensic uses of national identification on community justice policy.Item Metadata only Effects of muscle energy technique in patients with chronic low back pain of zygapophyseal joint origin(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2016) Wahyuddin, 1994-; Mantana Vongsirinavarat; Keerin Mekhora; Sunee BovonsunthonchaiThis study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of muscle energy technique (MET) for individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP) from zygapophyseal joint origin. Twenty-one subjects who met the criteria were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to receive one session of treatments either MET as experimental group or lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE) as control group. The primary outcome was lumbar spine movements, and secondary outcomes were pain threshold, pain intensity, and disability level. Lumbar active range of motion (AROM) for flexion, extension, right lateral flexion, left lateral flexion, right rotation, and left rotation, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were evaluated at baseline and immediately after treatment. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was evaluated at baseline, immediately after treatment, and two days after treatment. In addition, Thai version of the modified Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) was utilized at baseline and two days after treatment. Independent sample t-test, and two-way repeated measure ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The results showed significant main effect of time for right lateral flexion, VAS and ODQ scores (p<.001). The time effect of lateral flexion movement might be the result of reflex muscle relaxation after both interventions. Also, the pain and function were improved after both types of physical therapy treatments. The analysis of changed score showed no significant differences for all outcomes. In conclusion, this study revealed the immediate effect of MET and LSE which were effective to increase AROM, decrease pain intensity and disability level. Therefore, the choice or combination of MET and LSE as tailor-made intervention might be more beneficial for individuals with chronic LBP due to zygapophyseal joint problems.Item Metadata only A corpus-based study of antonym sequence in Japanese(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2018) Phornthip Nithithanawiwat; Isara Choosri; Pattama PatpongA corpus-based study of antonym sequencing in Japanese aimed: (1) to investigate antonym sequencing when co-occurring in one sentence; (2) to investigate the factors affecting antonym sequencing; (3) to examine whether the preferred ordering within antonym pairs is determined by frequency or not. This study tested 2 hypotheses. First, different frequency patterns of the order within antonym pairs in antonym sequences in Japanese follow the markedness principle; Second, more frequently used antonyms of antonym pairs occur more frequently in the preferred position within antonym sequences in Japanese. The data was collected from Tsukuba Web Corpus, and the test hypothesis regarding population proportion was used for the test statistic. The collected antonymous pairs were ordered according to predictive markedness properties, and they were tested by population proportion. The 131 antonym pairs (69 percent from total 191 pairs) which had p value below 0.05 may support the first hypothesis, that different frequency patterns of the ordered antonym pairs in antonym sequences in Japanese follow the principle of markedness. It was found that 7 factors based on the principle of markedness influenced sequencing, namely positivity, phonology, morphology, magnitude, chronology, spatial position and culture-specific factor. The later consists of yin-yang principle which is based on Chinese philosophy, uchi-soto and seniority. These three exist in the socio-cultural fabric of Japan. Uchi-soto notion is unique character of Japanese culture. It is reflected in real language use and appears in antonym sequencing such as kokunai 'domestic' prcedes kokusai 'international by 72%. It seems to provide priority of relationship with Japan (as uchi 'inside') more than other countries (as soto 'outside') following uchi-soto notion. Moreover, the word frequency influenced the preferred ordering of 85 antonym pairs in Japanese by 65 percent (from total 131 pairs), and it may be sufficient evidence to support the second hypothesis, that more frequently-used antonyms of antonym pairs occur more frequently in their preferred position within antonym sequences when co-occurring in one sentence in Japanese.Item Metadata only Efficacy and cost-utility of antibiotic uses and surgical treatments in uncomplicated acute appendicitis(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Napaphat Poprom; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Sasivimol Rattanasiri; Chumpon Wilasrusmee; Oraluck PattanaprateepAppendicitis is the most common abdominal urgent condition in general surgical practice. Although appendectomy was a gold standard treatment management, its procedure was associated with post-operative complications and new instruments and technologies have been launched over times. Recently, conservative treatments with antibiotics have been studied and considered as an alternative choice for uncomplicated appendicitis and individual antibiotics might have more cost-utility than appendectomy either laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) or open appendectomy (OA). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide evidence and information aiding decision making to prescribe antibiotic treatment or surgical treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Objectives: 1) To assess and compare rates of success and overall major complications between LA and OA, 2) To estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among antibiotic treatment and surgical treatment within one year due to the intervention, and 3) To perform cost-utility to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) among individual antibiotics, LA and in uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Methods: For the first objective, an umbrella review of meta-analyses (MAs) was performed with update MAs to assess and compare rates of success and overall major complications between LA and OA. MAs were identified from PubMed and Scopus databases published from Jan 1990 to July, 2018. The fixed or random effect model was applied to the pool treatment effects. For the second objective, a cohort study was conducted to estimate HRQoL among the antibiotic treatment and operative treatment at Ramathibodi Hospital. The EQ5D-5L was applied to HRQoL, For last objective, the cohort study was applied to collect the direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost and a retrospective study was applied for direct cost from November 2018 to October 2019. To perform cost-utility by an ICER among the individual antibiotics and surgical treatment in uncomplicated acute appendicitis, the Tornado diagram was plotted to report which of one-way sensitivity analyses should be applied. Results: Ten MAs were eligible; surgical site infection (SSI) was reported in all MAs and intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) in 8 MAs. SSI rate was 48% to 70% lower in LA than OA, but conversely IAA rate was 1.34 to 2.20 higher in LA than OA. The risk ratios (RRs) (95% CI) comparing LA vs OA were re-pooled in adults and children yielding RRs of 0.56 (0.47, 0.67) and 0.40 (0.25, 0.65) for SSI; and 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) and 1.05 (0.61, 1.80) for IAA. After estimated by treatment model the results showed antibiotics treatments were higher than surgical treatment especially in beta-lactamase with 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) which was significantly higher difference compared with OA. CUA was performed to estimate ICER among individual antibiotics (beta-lactamase, quinolone, and 3rd generation of cephalosporin+metronidazole), LA, and OA in uncomplicated acute appendicitis. This aimed to compare antibiotics treatment and surgical treatment and indicated an ICER -304,229.79 Baht per utility gained. Conclusion: The antibiotics treatment suggested more utility score with the trend to use the lower cost of treatment rather than the surgical treatment in the uncomplicated acute appendicitis patients. Therefore, the antibiotics treatment should be considered for the alternative choice for the patients to decrease the complication rate from the surgical treatment.Item Metadata only The music teacher training model for program trainers to develop lifelong learning competencies(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Nicha Chansitthichok; Anak Charanyananda; Narongchai Pidokrajt; Treetip Boonyam; Pansak PolsaramThe music teacher training project supported by the government operates annually with restricted training contents, and shallow understanding of characteristics of music content leading to a limitation in music teacher development. This research aims to (1) explore the current status and structure of music teacher training, (2) construct a model of music teacher training for lifelong learning skills, and (3) develop the trainer's manual of music teacher training as a path to lifelong learning skills. This qualitative research collected data by interviewing 40 samples including music teachers, music trainers and music educators who were involved in music teacher training in 2017-2018, and observing music teacher training exercises. The result of this research found similarity in the type of training courses which mostly are set as a single training course with no continuity to higher level training. The observation and interview data were analyzed for creating the music teacher training model. The model consists of three parts (1) input information: training type, participants, course output, course content, and assessment (2) designing training process: the activities and details in training process, and (3) output: developing lifelong learning competenciesItem Metadata only Race, gender and politics of English language education in Thailand : The Filipino educators in the Kingdom(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Amurao, Analiza Liezl P., 1971-; Sirijit Sunanta; Horstmann, Alexander; Doneys, PhilippeThis study explores the politics of race and gender in the English education in Thai schools through the experience of Filipino teachers employed in Thai educational institutions. The data were drawn from a two-year ethnographic study in Thai primary and secondary schools both in the Bangkok Metropolitan area and other nearby provinces, during which the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with Filipino teachers and Thai school administrators and organized focus group discussions with Filipino teachers. Selected documents from the Philippine and Thai governments were also analyzed. The researcher employed a critical race and gender analysis to explain workplace discrimination faced by Filipino teachers and adopted postcolonial lenses to analyze Thai discourses on the West and the English language that create such discrimination. A number of major findings are revealed by the study. Firstly, findings demonstrate that the Filipino teachers' employment in Thailand is oftentimes facilitated by their extensive network through family and friends. Secondly, the study also shows that Filipino teachers engage in transnational activities involving their host- and sending-countries by way of making productive investments, helping them make further sense of their earnings, savings and remittances. Thirdly, findings reveal as well the role religion plays in many of the Filipino teachers' migratory experience. More importantly, findings demonstrate that not only is a Filipino teacher's religious membership used for spiritual nourishment, but it also serves as a channel through which one can gain employment via a church network and relevant support system hence the teachers' resorting to instrumental religion. Lastly, this study reveals that Filipino teachers experience overt discrimination in the workplace where their race and the variant of English language they produce place them as second-class foreign teachers compared to white native English speakers from Western countries. Predominantly, Filipino teachers are expected to embody warm and caring personalities and present well-kept and beautiful bodies while their male native English speaker counterparts are exempted from the feminization of the teaching profession.Item Metadata only The development of public policy and administration on social security in ASEAN : a case study of social insurance for Thai migrant workers(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Wilailak Yoosamran; Chokechai Suttawet; Gamolporn Sonsri; Ratthasirin WangkanondThe research aimed to study the development of public policy and administration on social security, as well as explore factors affecting the directions and changes in public policy as related to social security for ASEAN migrant workers, including the study of operational conditions and problems of public agencies in charge of social insurance benefits protection for Thai overseas migrant workers in the host countries: Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei, and lastly develop schemes and guidelines on social insurance benefit protection for such migrants. This study was a mixed-method research employed concurrent procedure of the qualitatively-driven core component coupled with simultaneous QUAL+quan. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews with 55 key informants and 30 Thai migrant workers for focus group discussion. The sample groups of the quantitative research selected by purpose sampling were 275 Thai migrant workers. Research revealed that the development of policy and administration on social security for ASEAN migrant workers had not obviously conducted joint operation between ASEAN member countries. Factors affecting the directions and changes in public policy as related to social security for ASEAN migrant workers comprised of economic, social, political, technological factors and international organization in which technological factor was less mentioned than other factors. Meantime, the operation conditions and problems of agencies in charge of social insurance protection for Thai migrant workers involved numerous limitations, especially on the short-term benefit, including obstacles imposed by different countries. This created inferior treatments for Thai migrant workers as compared to the country own citizens. As for possible schemes and guidelines for social insurance benefit protection for Thai migrant workers, only Thailand measures or the measures of country of origin were most appropriate and likely applied, followed by measures of disputed countries. Nonetheless, bi-lateral measures and ASEAN's multi-country measures were difficult to operate, especially the latter measure is the most difficult because it is imperative to amend laws in each country prior to negotiation and making of long-term agreement.Item Metadata only Press censorship in Myanmar from colonial days to democratic transition in the 21st century(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2019) Nwet, Kay Khine, 1974-; Hayes, Michael George; Mullen, Matthew John; Copeland, MatthewThis study examined the implications of censorship policies in different period since the introduction of printed media in Myanmar. The findings suggested that Myanmar has been hardly free from authoritarian censorship since the inception of press industry in 19th century. However, restriction on freedom of the press was more intensified whenever the military forces have a stake in power politics. It argued that the various forms of present authoritarian practices are largely shadowed by the legacies of the colonial and post-colonial political turmoil. However, the past legacy is not the only attributing factor to the durability of prior censorship for five decades. In fact, censors were the living weapon chosen by every dictatorial rule to punish political, social and cultural deviance who did not conform draconian norms and practices. A mixed methodology is used in this study combining historical research approaches, content analysis and narrative inquiries to investigate censorship policy changes across the five phases of Myanmar press history. A collection of censored manuscripts from the Voice Weekly from 2008 to 2012 are analysed to the politics of censorship under the SPDC. In-depth interviews were employed to track down the effect of censorship in the production process. Assessment on written censorship rules and regulations since 1962 brought central part of the findings that revealed the tactics and motives of the censor board. In this study the role of the censors was explained as a key part of double gatekeeping systemItem Metadata only The study of competency and development guidelines of disaster prevention and mitigation officers in local administration organizations(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Kanrawee Wichaipa; Gamolporn Sonsri; Siriporn Yamnill; Chokchai SuttawetThe Study of Competency and Development Guidelines of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers in Local administration Organizations aimed to study and develop functional competency of disaster prevention and mitigation personnel and hazard specific competency of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers from Floods, Storms, and Landslides. This led to creating a method to develop personnel following the functional competency and hazard specific competency of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers in Thailand Local Administration. This study is a qualitative research using the Delphi technique via researching documents, in-depth interviews and group discussions which were conducted by doing content analysis. After that, the data was confirmed by using the Delphi technique. According to the study, the functional competency of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers included: 1) understanding of laws regulations and authority 2) proactivity to analyze and evaluate situations professionally 3) networking in operations and public and community relations. The hazard specific competency of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers for floods, storms, and landslides included: 1) movement and evacuation of victims 2) the art of persuasion for management in the area 3) specialization in demolition of buildings and obstructions. The competency indicators were divided into 5 levels depending on positions of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers in Thailand Local Administration. The results showed that there is a distinctive value between Quartile 1 and Quartile 3 if the quartile range values not over 1.50. It means that experts' opinions through the competency were conformed. The median and mode of each competency have differences, not over 1.00. It shows that experts' opinions through the competency were conformed. Moreover, experts mostly agree that the median is 4.5 and over. Additionally, researchers created a method to develop personnel following the functional competency of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers in the department of local administration by a tool called Training Road Map (TRM) which is the map of training development and self-study of each competency. The map was an acquired opinions by the leader of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Officers, the trainer and the local administrator. The researchers intended to present through the principle of creating freedom of department of local administration. The policy proposal is to let the personnel development institution of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation arrange a course for training that corresponds to functional competency and hazard specific competency for the ability to develop personnel in Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in each different risk area. Similarly, the practical proposal is choosing the competency of the department of local administration should include the competency that is proper for that department of local administration for letting management and human resource development in the department of local administration be practical and suitable for the area.Item Metadata only The quality of new generation teachers in Thai context(Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2024) Jatuporn Wisitchotiaungkoon; Nawarat Phlainoi; Supavan Phlainoi; Somkiat ChobpholThis qualitative research was aimed at studying the concept of the quality of new generation teachers in the Thai social context and to study individualistic and institutional factors, and the processes related to new generation teachers. The target population included teachers, panel of professional individuals, experts, and students. Findings revealed that the concepts of quality new generation teachers were 1) new generation teachers competencies (knowledge and skills), 2) Attitudes and values, and 3) Capability of building healthy relationships in a multicultural society. The factors that affected the quality of the new generation teachers were individual and institutional factors, and the development process. It was revealed that individual factors of the two groups of the new generation during childhood had both similarities and differences. In terms of institutional factors that produce teachers, both groups showed some similarities, including factors that have made them become interested in the teaching career, the learning atmosphere at the institutions, quality of teachers at the institutions, and the learning experiences. Teacher-development institutions were in the area of Primary Educational Service Area Office with internal and external institutions of Ministry of Education that take parts in various forms of developing teachers. Teacher developments could be categorized into two ways, developing plans at the present, and 2) developing plans that are related to contexts which are physical environment of the institutions, educational policies, and learning environment for individuals and the learning processes. The developmental processes related to the quality of new generation teachers included; the current processes that were related to quality of new generation teachers, institutions that prepared for the new teacher registration and the continuous improvement process. Teacher-utilizing institutions developed teachers by task delegation, mentoring system, learning community, training and field trips. Recommendations for developing new generation teachers in Thai social context are categorized into Individual level, having three conditions; (1) Passion to learn, (2) Self-assessment, and (3) English Proficiency. Before the self-development, three ways were identified, self-learning, learning through learning community, and learning through high-quality and efficient training system with follow-up and evaluation plans. At the institutional level, focus was on building teaching experiences, and developing teaching and learning processes. For developing new generation teachers at institutional level, especially for Primary Educational Service Area Office, focus should be on how to prepare new generation teachers to become coaches and mentors, where teacher-utilizing institutions should focus on considering heads of schools, learning communities, and promoting network collaboration development.