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Item Open Access Predicting factors and impact of abnormal preoperative chest radiograph inelective non-cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective observational study(Mahidol University, 2020) Alisa Seangleulur; Chusak Okascharoen; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Warawut SukkasemBackground: Although many guidelines have recommended to order preoperative chest radiograph (POCR), it still varied practice among physicians and the validity of guidelines in tuberculosis-burden country is controversial. Ordering POCRs for all patients who undergo to operation may not be useful but may be beneficial to some risk patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of significant abnormal POCR, identify predictors, and develop the prediction score to classify a risk of significant abnormal POCR. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted which consisted of derivative phase at Ramathibodi hospital (RAMA) and validation phase at Thammasat University hospital (TUH) in Thailand during February and March 2020. Patients underwent elective non-cardiothoracic surgery and required anesthesia were included for the study. Multiple logistic regression was applied to develop a parsimonious model. Performances of the model were internally and externally assessed. The consequences of abnormal POCRs in perioperative management and postoperative complications were also assessed at TUH. Study had been approved by the ethical committee of both hospitals. Results: A total of 703 and 403 patients at RAMA and TUH were respectively included with the prevalence of abnormal POCRs of 19.5% (16.6%, 22.6%) and 21.2% (17.3%, 25.4%). Four predictors (i.e. age, preexisting pulmonary disease, preexisting cardiac disease, and diabetes mellitus) were significantly associated with significant abnormal POCR, and thus included in the parsimonious model. The model showed good performance in calibration and discrimination from both external and internal validations. For internal validation, the mean (95% CI) bootstrap corrected calibration and discrimination coefficient was 0.465 (0.463, 0.466) and 0.732 (0.732, 0.733), respectively. For external validation, the O/E ratio was 0.987 (0.888, 1.085), and the C-statistics was 0.731 (0.674, 0.789). Risk prediction scores were classified into 4 risk groups indicating intermediate to high risk patients would be about 32.3% (27.1%, 38.0%) having significant abnormal POCRs. Twenty-nine patients [7.1% (4.8%, 10.0%)] had abnormal POCR which affected on their perioperative managements. Conclusion: The risk prediction model of significant abnormal POCR was developed with good calibration and discrimination. The model might be useful for selecting patients to receive POCR before surgery.Item Metadata only Boosting oleds performance via hot exciton mechanism : a study of heteroatom and different number of donor unit effects on D-Pi-A type emitters(Mahidol University, 2023) Takdanai Unjarern; Nopporn Ruangsupappichat; Pawaret Leowanawat; Supavadee KiatiseviThis study is about the design, synthesis, and characterization of (D–π–A) type fluorescent materials as well as the study of the effect of the different number of donor moieties on the photophysical and electroluminescent properties using IDL as an electron donor unit and TAZ derivative as an electron acceptor unit. Furthermore, research objectives were not only on the effects of the number of donor units but also the heteroatom effects. Therefore, BTI, which contains one sulfur atom instead of nitrogen atom was employed as another donor specie. Hence, the physical properties of six emissive materials, namely IDL-1, IDL-2, IDL-3 for IDL-TAZ series BTI-1, BTI-2 and BTI-3 for BTI-TAZ series were systematically studied. The doped devices of IDL-TAZ series showed green emission with high luminance and maximum EQE over 5%. Among them, the emitter IDL-3 showed the highest EQE value of 7.50%. In case of BTI-TAZ series, their doped devices showed skyblue emission. The compound BTI-3 presented maximum EQE value of 3.62%. Interestingly, all devices exhibited high exciton unitization efficiency (Eta subscript s) of 69, 60, 71, 41, 40 and 86% for IDL-1, IDL-2, IDL-3 BTI-1, BTI-2 and BTI-3, respectively. This high (Eta subscript s) was promoted via hot exciton mechanism.Item Metadata only Multiresidue analysis of fluoroquinolones in surface water by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods(Mahidol University, 2015) Brompoj Prutthiwanasan; Leena Suntornsuk; Chutima Petchkrajarng; Wolfgang BuchbergerLiquid chromatography equipped tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) and fluorescence detector (LC-FD) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for the analysis of fluoroquinolone residues were developed. For the LC-MS/MS and LC-FD methods, optimization was performed by varying compositions and pH of mobile phase and types of columns. For the CE method, optimization was done by varying modes of separation, types, concentration and pH of background electrolyte (BGE) and organic modifiers. In the cases of LC-FD and CE, fluorescent labelling of FQ was performed with 4-(n,n-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(n-chloroformylmethyl-n-methylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl) to enhance detectivity. Separation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL) using LC-MS/MS was achieved on octadecyl silane column (C18) using a mobile phase that consisted of 50 mm formic acid and methanol (70:30 %v/v). For the LC-FD, separation of CIP and NOR derivatives was achieved (resolution, rs, of 2.01) on octyl silane column (C8) using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mm formic acid and acetonitrile (68:32% v/v). For CE, separation of CIP and NOR derivatives was achieved (rs of 2.14) on bare fused silica with a total length of 64.5 cm (leff = 56.0 cm). The optimum condition was obtained from the use of 5 mm disodium hydrogen phosphate (ph 7.0) containing 20 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20% v/v acetonitrile. Method validations of LC-MS/MS and LC-FD were performed in terms of specificity, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs). Linearity of methods were good (r2 > 0.99) in the range of 10-2,000 μg/L and 200 – 2,000 μg/L, for LC-MS/MS and LC-FD, respectively. Precision (%RSD < 14.7) and accuracy (recoveries in range of 94.2 - 122.2%) of the methods were good. LODs were 2 μg/L and 100 μg/L, for LC-MS/MS and LC-FD, respectively. LOQs were 5 μg/L and 150 μg/L, for LC-MS/MS and LC-FD respectively. The developed methods were applied in the determination of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin residues in surface water.Item Open Access Subjectivity and experience of elderly women with chronic illnesses living alone in a southern area(Mahidol University, 2020) Pheeraya Phetchai; Pimpawun Boonmongkon; Phenchan Pradubmuk Sherer; Jompon PitaksantayothinThis is an ethnography study of subjectivity and experiences of elderly women with chronic illnesses living alone in southern rural communities of Thailand. The purpose of the study was to explore the subjectivity and illness experiences of elderly women with chronic illnesses who lived alone in the southern rural communities. Storytelling interviews were used with elderly women who had chronic diseases and lived alone. Ethnographic interviews were used with community leaders and community members, together with participant observation with the informants. The gathered data was analyzed using content analysis and story analysis, and then checked for validity of the tools. This was done through examinations of data triangulation, methodological triangulation, and investigator triangulation using reflexivity and intersubjectivity, as well as application of Bear and Singer’s critical medical anthropology approach and Michel Foucault’s concepts of the power of knowledge and discourse, and subjectivity. The results of the study revealed that 1) The subjectivity of the elderly women under the social and cultural context of the southern region and the power relations between women and the community, community leaders, care providers and medical personnel occurred through the definition, suppression, gender structure, and social sufferings caused by chronic illnesses and living alone. The positive subjectivities found in social sufferings caused by the use of health services included the feeling that they were still valuable to their children and the community, being able to support themselves, being able to support religious activities in the community, and feelings of peace in life. Negative subjectivities included feeling lonely or alone, feeling slighted in the fate that they were born in a poor family, feeling hurtful with their children and grandchildren who were insincere as they cheated for their money and assets and were not around for them to rely on during their final years in life, and preference to be left alone of some elderly women. 2) The illness experience of elderly women living alone was taking care of themselves under the use of traditional folk medicine and governmental western medicine systems. They caused elderly women to suffer with non-sensitive health service systems, inequality, and provision of services that were not in line with governmental policies, physical conditions, and needs of elderly women. Healthcare professionals were found to use power relationships, knowledge, discourse, and practices that suppressed and represented older women as marginalized people, through the use of negative meanings to the elderly which caused their social sufferings. Home visits in the community by a multidisciplinary team were also found to lack gender sensitivity, resulting in suffering and embarrassment for elderly women. The results of this study can lead to an understanding of life, subjectivity, illness experiences, and adversity of elderly women which might be useful in the development of care guidelines in providing health services and assistance in accordance with the occurring situations. This study also helps provide more knowledge and understanding about the elderly in the contexts of society and culture of southern Thailand, illness experience, being an elderly woman, and the livelihood of a southern community during the current socio-economic changes.Item Metadata only The effectiveness of school based tranning in dengue larvae control program in peri-urban communities in Yangon region, Myanmar(Mahidol University, 2020) Soe Htet Aung, 1984-; Podjanee Jittamala; Suparat Phuanukoonnon; Saranath Lawpoolsri; Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri; Patchara SriwichaiYangon, Myanmar, is one of the regions significantly burdened by dengue. School health education has proven to be an efficient strategy for disease prevention and control within the community. This school-based intervention study was conducted among 600 secondary school students in both intervention and control schools located in dengue-endemic zones with similar entomologic indices in Yangon, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of a student training program. Pre- and post-tests for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP), along with larval surveys in students' dwellings, were conducted in both areas prior to and three months after the program. Additionally, focus group discussions were held with community leaders, teachers, parents, and health workers. The final part of the thesis involves a time-series analysis to predict dengue trends using data from 2002 to 2018 in Yangon. Following the training, KAP scores increased and larval indices decreased significantly in the intervention area compared to the control group. The larval survey identified that the use of temephos and complete covering of water containers were the most common control practices for most container types, except for those in toilets. While weekly cleaning was found to be inapplicable for certain containers, temephos remained the most effective measure, although larvae were still detected in some treated containers. In the time-series analysis, the SARIMA (1,0,1)(1,1,1)12 model best fitted the actual data, achieving the smallest AIC of 159.1161 and a MAPE of 5.60%. In conclusion, the school training program was effective, though further emphasis on cost-free, high-efficacy larval control methods is required.Item Open Access A Rajabhat University graduates' attribute development model in compliance with the King's development philosophy(Mahidol University, 2021) Darunee Thippluk; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Phut Ploywan; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Phudit Tejativaddhana; Krish RugchatjaroenThe objectives of this research were: 1) to analyze and synthesize the attributes of graduates of Rajabhat universities under the framework of Rajabhat University's development policy and the development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy, 2) to evaluate the attributes of Rajabhat University graduates under the framework of Rajabhat University's development policy and development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy, and 3) to present a model of development of the attributes of Rajabhat University graduates in accordance with the development policy of Rajabhat University and the development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy. The integrated research methodology was used in this study. The research results were summarized as follows: 1) the attributes of Rajabhat university graduates under the framework of Rajabhat university's development policy and development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy consisted of 3 attributes: 1. life style which consisted of 15 attributes as follows: 1) having ability to learn and self-development, 2) having mindfulness-thought critically and systematically, 3) being creative, 4) having an appropriate attitude to live a life in today's society, 5) being aware of rights and duties in the democratic system, 6) accepting in cultural diversity, 7) having ability to adjust themselves and handle with changes, 8) having ability to learn modern information technology media that is appropriate with the social wisdom and ability to use it for self-development, 9) having ability to communicate with others, 10) having disciplines, 11) being kind, generous and dedicated, 12) being honest, 13) ability to deal with emotion and stress, 14) being respectful and humble, and 15) having self-adequacy. 2. Professional work features which consisted of 5 attributes: 1) having ability to bring knowledge and skills to work in a standard and professional manner, 2) having ability to solve problems in the workplace, 3) having responsibility and patience in work, 4) having ability to collaborate with others, and 5) ability to apply media information technology and innovation ideas to work successfully, and 3. the attributes of local development consisted of 9 attributes as follows: 1) knowledge, understanding, and awareness of local development, 2) ability to communicate and transfer knowledge to the locality, 3) ability to collaborate with local communities in an integrated or networking manner, 4) ability to judge and analyze local problems and needs, 5) ability to develop further knowledge to solve local problems and development, 6) ability to work with localities, 7) transformational leadership, 8) ability to apply information technology in solving problems and developing community, and 9) being aware of the importance of natural resources and the environment. The results of the assessment of the attributes of Rajabhat university graduates under the development policy framework of Rajabhat university and the development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy were found that the attributes in life of the students was at a high level (4.23). Professional attributes was at a high level (4.15) and the features in local development were at a high level (4.14), respectively. The model for developing attributes of Rajabhat university graduate under the Rajabhat university's development policy framework and the development guidelines according to King Bhumibol's philosophy consists of instilling knowledge, skills training, attitude adjustment, community learning and field study survey, activity design, organizing events, reflection and assessment, and conducting lesson learning and improve it to be the best practice. These attributes support the graduates to be qualified and to be suitable for local development.Item Open Access Polymer composite with inorganic additive for hardening application(Mahidol University, 2020) Abedeen Dasaesamoh; Kittitat Subannajui; Tanakorn Osotchan; Wittaya ChuajiwIn this work, polymer composites with high inorganic filler loadings were studied. The inorganic fillers included bentonite, kaolin, ball clay, MgCO3, CaCO3, SiO2, and Al2O3. In the first part, clay particles were incorporated into natural rubber, silicone rubber, and acrylic emulsion matrices at loadings of up to 85%. The physical and mechanical properties were examined, showing that water absorption depends on both the fillers and the polymer matrix. Bentonite caused high water absorption, while ball clay and kaolin resulted in the lowest. Silicone rubber composites exhibited low water absorption (less than 5%), while clay-acrylic composites showed higher hardness and tensile strength than other matrices. Next, the effects of fillers on natural rubber composites were investigated. These were prepared by mixing rubber latex with inorganic fillers in an aqueous solution, with fillers chemically modified by a 0.5 wt % silane coupling agent. After drying, the vulcanizing agent was mixed on a two-roll mill and pressed into a mold. The results revealed that modified fillers affected vulcanization time and viscosity. Specifically, a silane coupling agent to clay ratio of 1.0 significantly improved tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness due to polymer-filler and filler-filler interactions. However, at extremely high filler contents, mechanical properties could not be further enhanced. In the final part, MgCO3-natural rubber, Al2O3-natural rubber, and SiO2-natural rubber composites were prepared for hardening applications using a single-step solution mix method. The maximum inorganic filler loading was 180 phr, with a vulcanization time of approximately 3 minutes. All obtained composites displayed pore structures. Among these, MgCO3-natural rubber exhibited the greatest tensile strength and a Shore A hardness range of 60-85. These composites also demonstrated resistance to chemical solutions, abrasives, and fire. It can be concluded that a high content of MgCO3 is suitable for hardening applications.Item Open Access The development of copper (II) ion sensor based on nanoparticles and the survey of heavy metal residues in fruits(Mahidol University, 2023) Thitiporn Thongkam; Sumana Kladsomboon; Sureerut Porntadavity; Amara Apilux; Thitikan SitiwedThe contamination of toxic heavy metals is an important issue that affects the environment and human health. Therefore, the determination of heavy metal levels has been an intensive area of research to monitor their contamination and prevent their adverse effects. The objectives of this thesis comprise two parts: 1) to develop a rapid and effective colorimetric sensor for copper ions (Cu2+) detection, and 2) to investigate heavy metal residues in fruits.In Part 1, a colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and a thymine solution was introduced for Cu2+ detection. In the absence of Cu2+, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak is centered around 520 nm, resulting in a red solution. Conversely, in the presence of Cu2+, a new LSPR peak emerges at 600 nm, causing a red-to-purple color shift. Under optimal conditions, Cu2+ concentrations were quantified within 15 minutes. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.03, 0.09, and 1 ppm for UV-Vis spectrophotometers, smartphone-based applications, and the naked eye, respectively. This sensor exhibits excellent selectivity and specificity for Cu2+ and was successfully applied to real water samples.In Part 2, the concentrations of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc) in tropical fruits from Rayong were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of the six heavy metals were generally lower than permissible limits, except in 16.7% of fruit samples. Based on health risk assessment, the estimated daily intake (EDI) values for all metals were below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). However, long-term consumption of some fruits raised concerns regarding carcinogenic risks. Therefore, this work provides an effective colorimetric sensor for Cu2+ suitable for both laboratory and on-site applications, while the heavy metal survey in Rayong provides valuable data for future environmental and health management guidelines.Item Open Access Modelling of quantum dot structures in two-dimensional materials for applications in quantum technology(Mahidol University, 2023) Aniwat Kesorn; Worasak Sukkabot; Kritsanu Tivakornsasithorn; Asawin SinsarpTwo interacting double quantum dots (DQD) can be suitable candidates for operation in quantum information processing and computation. In this study, DQDs were modeled using a heterostructure of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2, featuring a 1T-phase embedded within a 2H-phase, to investigate the feasibility of controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operation mediated by Coulomb interaction. The Hamiltonian of the system was constructed using two distinct approaches: a 2D electronic potential model and a $4 \times 4$ matrix model, with the latter's elements computed from approximated two-level interactions. State dynamics were simulated using the Crank-Nicolson method for the potential model and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for the matrix model. DQD energy gaps were fitted as a function of structural and potential parameters to analyze energy tuning, while model parameters were scrutinized to optimize CNOT operation feasibility and fidelity across different regimes. Results from both models showed excellent agreement, indicating that the matrix model effectively simulates the dynamical behaviors of interacting DQDs with significantly lower computational resources. Furthermore, the simulated results suggest that engineering parameters can be precisely tuned to optimize CNOT operation, providing evidence that DQD systems utilizing Coulomb interaction are feasible for quantum technology applications, provided that engineering parameters are optimized to achieve maximum fidelity.Item Open Access Optimal sway suppression of industrial overhead crane considering hardware constraint : design of the novel command smoother and hybrid feedback control(Mahidol University, 2023) Nattapong Suksabai; Ittichote Chuckpaiwong; Sarawoot Watechagit; Thanapat WanichanonThe payload sway problem is the primary challenge associated with overhead cranes, as it significantly degrades operational performance. While numerous researchers have explored this issue, opportunities remain to enhance movement speed, smoothness, and robustness. Furthermore, existing literature lacks a focus on path control applications in automatic mode, particularly regarding sensor availability and practical payload path planning. This research addresses these gaps through four key objectives. First, a novel command smoother (feedforward control) is proposed to improve transient response and sway suppression, offering faster and smoother performance than current leading techniques. Second, feedback control was integrated with the feedforward system to improve robustness in practical operations where system parameters fluctuate. Third, the study investigates the impact of sensor availability, revealing that position sensors mitigate path deviations caused by dead-zone effects, while sway sensors effectively attenuate system disturbances. Finally, a trajectory generator program was developed, featuring 2D and 3D workspace visualization to prevent collisions without requiring user coding skills. The program exports velocity trajectories directly to Microsoft Excel, facilitating seamless transfer to cranes operating in speed control mode.Item Metadata only The development of sustainable agricultural water management model based on social capital in irrigation projects, Pasak watershed area(Mahidol University, 2021) Donlatip Mahaarcha; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Phut Ploywan; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Krish RugchatjaroenSocial capital increasingly plays an important role in analyzing a community's management of natural resources. For example, social capital is an important factor both in successful agricultural water management in the community and in promoting the collaboration of people in the community. In this study, the researcher investigated the composition of social capital, tested the structural relationship of social capital influencing sustainable agricultural water management, synthesized a model for sustainable agricultural water management with social capital, and duly devised policy suggestions to stimulate government agencies and communities to apply the social capital to farmers' water management. The study focused on the Pasak River Basin in central Thailand. This water resource has experienced a sustained crisis of water shortages, floods and wastewater. The study concludes by giving suggestions for the government sector and communities to help improve the application of the social capital in The Pasak River Basin Irrigation Projects that underpins the farmers’ water management to support the projects’ success in following strategies and sustainable development policies of the Thai government. This research is mixed-method research consisting of quantitative data collected from 345 farmers and qualitative data from 14 key informants. The quantitative part of the study found that the composition of the social capital consisted of eight components: general trust, official social network, network size, trust in the agency, informal social network, community norms, human capital, and physical capital. By using an analysis of the Structural Equation Model, the study revealed that general trust had a direct and indirect negative influence through the size of informal networks and social networks on farmers’ agricultural water management in the irrigation projects. But general trust was found to have an indirect positive influence through informal social networks. In addition, community norms and human capital negatively influenced agricultural water management in irrigation projects. The results of the qualitative part of the study found that the social capital affected the agricultural water management in irrigation projects. The community in the upper PaSak Basin offers a very high level of trust within the community. There, the farmers have set up a joint water user group. The community members are united and demonstrate willingness and good faith in cooperation, including writing an agreement to set up the common rules of cooperation. The government officials have played a role in supporting information and fair allocation of water. All of the above-mentioned research findings were taken into account when conducting a further brainstorming workshop to develop and synthesize a model for sustainable agricultural water management under the irrigation project in the PaSak Basin. This was achieved using the social capital component as an important mechanism for the implementation of agricultural water management in irrigation projects. Policy suggestions focus on 1. communicating information thoroughly; 2. educating farmers on sustainable water irrigation management; and 3. creating incentives to elicit and ensure the involvement of farmers together with the government sector.Item Open Access Bonding effectiveness of lithium silicate glass-ceramic on different firing protocol : using mini-interfacial fracture toughness approach(Mahidol University, 2021) Tang, Tianyu, 1988-; Pong Pongprueksa; Kallaya Suputtamongkol; Cholthacha HarnirattisaiThis study investigated the influence of different surface treatments on lithium silicate glass-ceramic using interfacial fracture toughness. Celtra Duo with different firing protocols (fired and unfired) and IPS e.max CAD ceramic blocks were used with seven surface treatments; 1) MN (Monobond N), 2) Monobond N with Prime&Bond Universal (MN+UA), 3) Hydrofluoric acid with silane primer (HF+S), 4) Hydrofluoric acid with silane primer following with Prime&Bond Universal (HF+S+UA), 5) Hydrofluoric acid with Monobond N (HF+MN), 6) Hydrofluoric acid with Monobond N following with Prime&Bond Universal (HF+MN+UA) and 7) Monobond Etch&Prime (MEP). The two ceramic blocks with the same surface treatment were bonded together with luting cement. The bonded block was prepared for mini-interfacial fracture toughness and tested at 1-week or 6-month artificial storage. The data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Sidak comparison ($\alpha$=0.05). The results showed that the highest mini-iFT at 1-week of Celtra Duo unfired was HF+S, which was not significantly different from HF+S+UA, while the lowest was MN and MN+UA. The highest mini-iFT of Celtra Duo fired was HF+S, besides the highest mini-iFT of IPS e.max CAD was high for group 3 to group 6. The mini-iFT between Celtra Duo unfired and fired was found a significant difference in MN, MN+UA, and HF+S+UA. In general, the mini-iFT was stable between 1 week and 6 months, although the mini-iFT of Celtra Duo fired at 6 months was significantly decreased for MN and MN+UA. Therefore, the surface treatment with HF+S was recommended for all glass-ceramic blocks. The firing process and aging conditions partially influenced the bonding effectiveness for Celtra Duo, thus the surface treatment with HF or MEP was recommended. The additional UA following the silanization was not a significant benefit for bonding effectiveness.Item Open Access The development of the proposed role and specific functional competency reform of the human resource officers in the central human resource management agencies of the public sector(Mahidol University, 2021) Khajornsak Sukpream; Gamolporn Sonsri; Siriporn Yamnill; Waruesporn Natrujirote; Tavida KamolvejThe study on the Development of the Proposed Role and Specific Functional Competency Reform of the Human Resource Officers in the Central Human Resource Management Agencies of the Public Sector have the objectives 1) to study prospective human resource officers' roles and characteristics of the public sector, 2) to study prospective human resource officers' competency and behavioral indicator of the public sector, and 3) to identify training roadmap of prospective human resource officers' a specific functional competency of the public sector. This study is a qualitative research. Content analysis was used. The results of the study were confirmed by Delphi technique and opinion expressions by a close-ended questionnaire. The results revealed that the prospective human resource officers' roles in the public sector included policy maker, strategy architect, change agent, consulting, monitor and auditor, networker, and facilitator. The prospective human resource officers' characteristics in the public sector included good interpersonal relations, service mind/good service, good communication, lifelong learning, analytic thinking, conceptual thinking, courage to change/keeping up with change, positive thinking, professional expertise, ethics/morality, and listening to opinions of others. In addition, the prospective human resource officers' competency in the public sector included conceptual thinking, analytical thinking, consulting, communication and coordination, expertise, knowledge acquisition, change agent, adaptability and flexibility, and morality. The behavioral indicator based on competency was divided into 5 levels. Regarding the results of roles, characteristics, competency, and behavioral competency confirmed by Delphi technique, the experts saw that they are appropriate for human resource officers' roles, characteristics, competency, and behavioral indicator, which are all consistent. The difference between the first quartile and the third quartile with a variable of not more than 1.50 indicated that the opinions of the experts on roles, characteristics, competency and behavioral indicator are consistent and have median and mode of each role, characteristic, competency, and behavioral indicator of less than 1.00, which indicate that the opinions of the experts are consistent and have median of 4.50 or higher, meaning that the experts saw the most likely possibility. In addition, the researcher designed and formulated the training roadmap of human resource officers' a specific functional competency, which is a long-term training plan for human resource officers at each level according to competency based curriculum, and the data were confirmed by a close-ended questionnaire and sent to human resource officers working at the Office of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC) to express their opinions. Moreover, the researcher suggests that the Office of the Civil Service Commission (OCSC) can utilize the results of this study as a guideline for practice to enhance the potential of human resource officers professionals, leading to professional standards in the government's human resource management in the future.Item Open Access The impacts of western long-stayers on local health and elder care landscape : a case study of Pattaya city, Thailand(Mahidol University, 2023) Kwanchanok Jaisuekun; Sirijit Sunanta; Scuzzarello, Sarah; Sureeporn PunpuingDrawing on feminist insights on the political economy of care, this study examines the implications of International Retirement Migration (IRM) on a local community and its care landscape. The empirical data of this study were drawn from 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the resort city of Pattaya and 41 in-depth interviews with local Thai stakeholders, including eight representatives from the public sector, 13 from the private sector and NGOs, and 20 local Thais living in Pattaya City. This study revealed that participants had different perceptions of and experiences with Western retirees in the City. The majority of public sector representatives, healthcare-related business owners and local residents conveyed positive perceptions towards older Western long-stayers who they considered as contributors to the local economy and who posed no significant threat to the availability of healthcare services to locals. On the other hand, public healthcare workers and NGO representatives were concerned about Western migrants who were in poor health and uninsured or financially insecure. This group of Western long-stayers relied on public healthcare services that are primarily intended for Thai citizens, and this further strains public care resources. Western migrants who can afford privatized healthcare contribute to an increased sense of inequality in terms of access to and quality of healthcare; those with money can afford private healthcare whereas the rest rely on more limited public services. Nevertheless, local Thai people often normalize this stratification. As a part of transnational ageing, IRM challenges the logic of national welfare fixed within state territoriality. Western migrants are often unable to avail themselves of the social security services in either their home country or the country in which they choose to retire. Lacking formal state support, Western migrants in Thailand are forced to be self-reliant for their health and personal care needs, and those with limited funds tend to rely on the help of family, friends and partners. Consequently, Thai partners/spouses have become the main source of care for frail older Western migrants. This study argues that the case of older Western migrants in Thailand manifests a shift in international migration trends. Western retirees have become an important part of the global care chain and international division of reproductive labour in which less economically advanced countries provide care for people from wealthier countries. This highlights social inequality in the context of global ageing.Item Metadata only Stability and tracking control of nonlinear rigid body ship motions(Mahidol University, 2023) Chatchawan Aumtab; Thanapat Wanichanon; Chokchai Chutakositkanon; Ronnachai SirovetnukulAt present, rapid medical service is beneficial for the efficient and effective treatment of patients. It is especially important in Bangkok metropolitan where there are communities who do not have easy access to medical service along the Chao Phraya River. This research established a catamaran for the treatment and diagnosis of patients for riverbank communities with a computerized tomography scanner mounted on the catamaran. However, ships in the Chao Phraya River are prone to current, wind, and unknown disturbance from surrounding environment, making the ship system potentially has unstable movement and stability problems. Therefore, the objective of this research was to solve related control problems in nonlinear ship system and ship stabilization. The fundamental equations of constrained motion (FECM) were used to examine a control force to stabilize the ship system in the nominal system. The results revealed that the ship system was affected by environmental disturbances in real-world applications, which this led to the need for considering the ship system by an uncertainty control in the actual system. The ship’s dynamic motion was studied as a rigid body to describe the ship’s stabilization. The simulation results of the method followed the laws of motion and control theory in this study. Process can effectively represent the ship dynamics systems consistent with the constraint equations. Moreover, acceleration can be converted to velocity, which was the data for choosing a force generation tool in order to control the ship system in a stable and safe way. The results obtained from the process can be applied to the ship system for ship tracking control and ship stability with generating forceItem Open Access Efficacy of collaborative board game with different debriefing methods for preventing cyberbullying behaviors of primary students(Mahidol University, 2022) Sasipim Poompimol; Patcharin Panjaburee; Pratchayapong Yasri; Khajornsak Buaraphan; Niwat SrisawasdiCyberbullying is a recent worldwide social issue. It affects society, but early teens and adolescents seem to be the target at-risk groups and are more likely to get involved in cyberbullying. However, Thai youths still have misconceptions and misunderstandings about cyberbullying compared to Western youths. Scholars have suggested game-based learning as one of the effective tools for supporting cyberbullying teaching and learning, especially when followed by a proper debriefing session. Despite this, the different modes of debriefing for implementing board games in cyberbullying prevention have not yet been well addressed. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a collaborative board game and different debriefing methods on students’ cyberbullying behaviors. A repeated measures experiment was conducted with 124 students in grades 5–6 in Thailand using the Cyberbullying Behaviors Questionnaire, the Debriefing Experience Scale, the Learning Perceptions Questionnaire, and structured interview questions. The students’ cyberbullying behaviors were analyzed quantitatively using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Meanwhile, the debriefing experiences and learning perceptions were compared between groups of different debriefing methods by one-way ANOVA. Thematic analysis was also conducted on student representatives’ interview transcripts qualitatively to gain further insight into students’ opinions on the learning intervention. The results showed that students’ cyberbullying behaviors improved after the learning intervention, in which different debriefing methods had different effects on students’ improvement. Additionally, the self-reported questionnaires and interviews revealed that they had positive debriefing experiences with the received debriefing methods and perceived the innovation as a tool that helped improve their learning regarding cyberbullying. Implication of the Thesis: This study helps fill the gaps in the uninvestigated area in the literature focusing on the design, development, and utilization of a collaborative board game with appropriate self-debriefing methods to enhance students’ preferable cyberbullying behaviors, which are requisite for the safe use of technology and youths’ digital well-being. It provides guidelines for teachers, educational game designers, parents, and related organizations on applying the learning approach to create an active learning environment that motivates students to practice upstander behaviors. Collaborative debriefing scaffolded with multimedia is recommended to enhance students’ knowledge about cyberbullying. On the other hand, individual scaffolded debriefing should be used to facilitate students’ affective behaviors. Regarding suggestions for future studies, we encourage researchers to consider possible relating variables that could affect students’ cyberbullying behaviors and learning retention in games (i.e., gender, motivation, learning styles, and cyberbullying experiences). Moreover, alternative data collection methods are endorsed to be used to gain insightful information on improving students’ learning about cyberbullying and sustainable behavioral development.Item Metadata only Logistics management of medical organic cannabis traceability in digital supply chain(Mahidol University, 2023) Weerapat Pookkaman; Taweesak Samanchuen; Supaporn Kiattisin; Theeraya MayakulThe medicinal value of cannabis is gaining acceptance. However, there are disadvantages if they are used for improper purposes. Therefore, it is essential to have a system for monitoring, controlling, and regulating cannabis production activities so that they are not abused. This research aimed to achieve two main objectives. Firstly, it aimed to identify the key factors that affect the traceability of organic medical cannabis in the digital supply chain and establish how these factors are related. Secondly, was to create a framework for implementing traceability systems for medical organic cannabis in the digital supply chain. This research was divided into three distinct phases. The first phase identified the key success factors of medical organic cannabis traceability in the digital supply chain and recognized 14 factors affecting the traceability process using the CVI theory. The second phase determined the relationships and drivers of all fourteen factors using the fuzzy MICMAC theory. Lastly, it was intended to establish a framework for a medical organic cannabis traceability system in the digital supply chain. Using a random sampling technique, this study employed ten experts from three supply chain stakeholder groups: organic cannabis cultivators, producers, regulators and quality controllers, and dispensers. According to the result, the most important factor was System ReliabilityItem Metadata only Effects of self-regulated-based gamified virtual reality learning system on middle school students’ English learning performance, learning motivation, learning attitude, meta-cognition tendency, and self-regulation(Mahidol University, 2023) Zhao, Jiahua, 1993-; Wararat Wongkia; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Patcharin PanjabureeScholars have suggested English classrooms with sufficient context and fun activities to increase English performance and promote learning motivation. With the rapid growth of technology-enhanced learning, virtual reality (VR) has become increasingly popular in English learning. Using VR without a well-designed learning environment, however, may not guide students to focus on the learning content to achieve the learning goals. Hence, this study proposed a self-regulated-based gamified VR learning system to trigger students to monitor their learning process to achieve their learning goals. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed system, a quasi-experiment was conducted in a middle school in China involving three groups: students who adopted the self-regulated-based gamified VR system, students who learned with the gamified VR system, and those who learned with a conventional VR system. The results showed that the self-regulated-based gamified VR system significantly improved the students’ English learning performance regarding their English vocabulary and speaking, self-regulation, learning motivation, learning attitudes, and meta-cognition tendency. Moreover, their reflections on the self-regulated-based gamified VR system were revealed and discussed. Implication of the thesis: In this current study, a self-regulated-based gamified VR learning system was designed and developed as the learning strategy-oriented technology-enhanced learning environment for helping EFL students learn vocabulary and speak English when they have started to learn a foreign language at school. As a result, researchers must develop scientific interventions based on the subjects’ characteristics and be theoretically supported by learning theories or learning strategies for the interventions to promote the learning process best. Therefore, it is believed that this study could offer some implications for further research in game-based learning and immersive technology-enhanced learning to assist students’ learning in geography, biology, history, and other courses. Since the verbal representations of the subjects mentioned above are typically lengthy, presenting the information as graphics allows for a better visual experience and more efficient knowledge acquisition.Item Metadata only Ethical guidelines for tapioca chips drying yard business in Thailand(Mahidol University, 2020) Manta Wuttisathitthaworn; Boonwadee Montrikul Na Ayudhaya; Pagorn Singsuriya; Archphurich Nomnian; Piyanat PrathomwongThe study of ethical guidelines for tapioca chips drying yard business in Thailand is a qualitative research with objectives to 1) analyze ethical principles for the business of tapioca chips drying yard in ThailandItem Open Access Rapid identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in positive hemoculture using nanopore sequencing(Mahidol University, 2023) Thunchanok Yaikhan; Witchuda Kamolvit; Iyarit Thaipisuttikul; Methee Chayakulkeeree; Thidathip WongsurawatBloodstream infection (BSI) is a major burden of the healthcare system that has contributed to high mortality of patients. Rapid and reliable detection of pathogens affects antimicrobial management and patient outcomes. The current conventional techniques for diagnostic microbiology have been limited by uncultivatable pathogens, low sensitivity, and slowness. Our study aimed to identify pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from positive blood cultures using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). The qualification and quantification of extracted DNA for sequencing were compared by using three different extraction kits (DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kits, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit). Moreover, the time to result and the comprehensiveness of bacterial identification were compared among conventional routine methods, BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID), and ONT. By 30 positive blood cultures, we detected 31, 29, and 32 isolates using routine, BCID, and ONT methods, respectively. ONT could identify all isolates to the species level, whereas routine identified 83.87% (26 out of 31) at the species level and 89.65% (26 out of 29) of isolates could be identified by species name using BCID. There was a consensus among the three techniques that Escherichia coli was the highest prevalent pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, we detected the human genome from sample number 30, alerting it as a false positive from the routine laboratory. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of all isolates was performed using bioinformatics analytic software. Carbapenem resistance genes were detected that associated with the resistance phenotype. Time to get results since the point of hemoculture alarming positive by using routine, BCID, and ONT methods were 47.8 h, 1.07 h, and 3 h, respectively. We also determined the clones of our isolates by in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and demonstrated the relatedness to other isolates recovered from Asian countries by generating a minimum spanning tree. Two K. pneumoniae demonstrated identical STs to isolates from other regions in Asia. In conclusion, the ONT with an appropriate extraction method provides rapid and comprehensive identification of BSI pathogens and their AMR genes. Therefore, this technique may help clinicians in an early de-escalation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and could be applied to the field of infection control. Implication of the thesis: ONT, a long-read sequencing, could provide comprehensive analysis for rapid diagnosis that is promising for future applications in clinical microbiology and healthcare surveillance purposes.