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Item Open Access Factors influencing peer-to-peer lending adoption in Thailand : lender-centric study(Mahidol University, 2023) Natnara Chulawate; Supaporn Kiattisin; Adisorn Leelasantitham; Theeraya MayakulThe purpose of this study was to identify success factors that are conducive to developing the ability to create financial innovation within developing countries for the sake of sustainability. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the identification of success factors. The case study involved a peer-to-peer lending (P2P Lending) business operator in Thailand and focuses on the lender perspective. The results consisted of 13 potential factors driving financial innovation in process improvement. The study collected data from 300 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The structural equation model was used to analyze the data via Mplus Version 7. In order to gain a better understanding, the study emphasized that each country’s financial business may show different success factors due to different situations and environments, which might pose a challenge when drawing conclusions from the survey and building sustainability in the financial industry. The research summarized the factors of success in three contexts with 13 factors; namely, the risk context consists of a higher interest rate, an increase in inflation, macroeconomics, regulation laws, and legal, liquidity, and finance and credit status. The trust context includes demographic characteristics, biological characteristics, and an individual’s reputational capital, and the lender perspective information context includes loan delinquencies, funded loans, politics, and culture. According to our results, the investor or lender will benefit by applying concepts and methods that involve adopting international loans. Implication of the thesis: The results of the thesis on the topic of Peer-to-Peer lending platforms in this study were a master plan in decision-making and perspectives of lenders by trust, risks, and information perspectives that are factors that lenders make lending decisions in the P2P lending platform.Item Open Access Influences of fatherhood and masculinity on the smoking tobacco behavior of young Indonesian fathers(Mahidol University, 2021) Rohmah, Nur, 1974-; Lamy, Francois Rene; Felix, Mark StephanTobacco smoking among men constitutes a major problem in Indonesia: 75.9% of Indonesian males are smokers, with 72% smoking at home, endangering the health of secondhand smokers in domestic settings, especially children. This study aimed to identify and understand the reasons and beliefs behind maintaining smoking behavior among young Indonesian fathers. Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 young fathers who are active smokers recruited via the Public Health Center in Samarinda City, Indonesia. The interview guideline was built on a combination of the Health Belief Model, Social Constructionism, Toxic Masculinity, and Role theory concepts to capture the impact of psychological, social, and cultural factors on the smoking trajectory of informants. Grounded theory coding procedures were used to identify codes and themes. Smoking behavior is a crucial element of the socially constructed image of masculinity in Indonesia. This identity and the correlated tobacco-related beliefs play major roles in the initial stages of tobacco smoking. Young fathers continue smoking because of their nicotine dependence and lack trust in tobacco-related harm prevention messages. Furthermore, fathers utilize neutralization techniques and rationalization to legitimize their tobacco smoking behavior. Consequently, they unintentionally maintain the vicious cycle of male smoking in which children witness older men smoking and link tobacco smoking with masculinity. Smoking behavior prevention programs including the socio-cultural specificities of Indonesian masculinity targeting young fathers need to be developed to break this cycle of children reproducing their fathers' smoking behavior.Item Open Access Diagnosis (ICD-10) prediction from discharge summary by deep learning(Mahidol University, 2022) Wanchana Ponthongmak; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Ratchainant Thammasudjarit; Anuchate Pattanateepapon; Oraluck PattanaprateepStandardizing diagnosis data by the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) provides various benefits for healthcare, including inpatient care, healthcare management, and reimbursement. However, the ICD-10 assignment is a challenging task, which requires understanding the medical domains and also the ICD coding structure, leading to increased workload, time and resource consumption, and coding errors. Therefore, automated ICD-10 coding tools generated by the deep neural natural language processing (NLP) may be a helpful tool in minimizing burdens from manually coding. This study developed automated ICD-10 code assignment models using neural NLP methods utilizing 15,329 discharge summary data of Ramathibodi Hospital during 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2020. Three models were developed: 1) Naïve Bayes with term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), 2) deep learning (DL) with neural word embedding, and 3) DL with PubMedBERT models. The results showed that the DL with PubMedBERT model provided the best performance, with the average micro and macro area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.6605 and 0.5538, respectively. Followed by the DL with neural word embedding model (AUPRC = 0.6528 and 0.5564) and the Naïve Bayes with TF-IDF model (AUPRC = 0.4441 and 0.3562). The best model derived from Ramathibodi data was also externally validated in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) data by three approaches; i.e., 1) directly predicting ICD-10 codes, 2) fine-tuning by default hyperparameters, and 3) fine-tuning by new hyperparameters with the corresponding average micro AUPRC of 0.3745, 0.6704 and 0.6801, and the average macro AUPRC of 0.2819, 0.5377, and 0.5493, respectively. In addition, the result after fine-tuning by the new hyperparameters indicated that the model performed as good as or a little better than the derived model. This study found that neural NLP models outperformed traditional machine learning for NLP with less effort on feature extraction. Additionally, applying a clinical contextual word embedding (i.e., PubMedBERT) leads to earning better performance than regular word embeddings. Hence, the model may be useful when applied as an automated tool for ICD-10 coding. However, external validation in smaller hospitals than Ramathibodi should be further performed. Deployment of this model in Ramathibodi Hospital should be planned and constructed to assess if the model can correctly classify ICD-10 and thus reduce workload for coders.Item Open Access Stem talent, a game changer in the organizational digital transformation(Mahidol University, 2023) Piyawat Jriyasetapong; Smitti Darakorn Na Ayuthaya; Supaporn Kiattisin; Theeraya MayakulThe fourth industrial revolution's VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) emphasizes the importance of digital technology, robotics, and biological technology, which leads to changes in techno-socio economy, and organization strategies and competencies. In an innovative ecological business strategy, the management must have boundless cognitive and adaptive capabilities in terms of human, social, psychological, and digital capital in order to maximize market competitiveness. Digital company models in particular can increase the company’s value and generate huge digital capital as financial return. Moreover, innovative products allow the companies to understand their challenges and embrace new business strategies, especially those concerning talent and capability managements. This research aimed (1) to identify and evaluate the organization’s operations in a dynamic technological environment as well as its business viability and anticipated outcomes as a result of organization transformation, and (2) to ascertain the factors that allow talent, as a game changer, to pursue the company-wide objective of organizational transformation successfully. This study was conducted through an initial review of the relevant literature, followed by a series of expert interviews. A total of 410 employees from two organizations in Thailand and Laos with digital transformation programs were involved in the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to verify the factor structure and indicated a goodness of fit to the empirical data (χ 2 /df = 1.261, CFI = 1.000, GFI = 0.970, AGFI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.026, SRMR = 0.024). The results revealed that the best influential factor of organizational digital transformation was transdisciplinary ontology talent (TOT), followed by mental model talent (MMT), enterprise architecture talent (EAT), and strategic agile talent (SAT). It was helpful to assess organizational capabilities, while the factors can be implemented within organizations in order to perform transformation. Implication of Thesis: This study provides valuable insights which can be applied as a strategic change agent to the management transformation process for new businesses. A talent management framework can highlight the need for modernized talent management, paradigms, and capabilities to their full potential as valuable, valid, and trustworthy with a grounding for successful digital transformation of the companies. This also allows the management team to create an adaptive workplace environment. For organizations wishing to promote their digital transformation, the talent framework offers effective strategies and talent management so that employees can perform at their greatest.Item Open Access Geospatial data science in increasing electric utility sustainabilitystability(Mahidol University, 2023) Thanaporn Thitisawat; Smitti Darakorn Na Ayuthaya; Supaporn Kiattisin; Theeraya MayakulElectricity grid reliability is a major factor in economic development and social well-being around the world. Thailand’s electricity grid is one of the most reliable in the East Asia and Pacific region, but there is still a high disparity between central urban areas of Bangkok and provincial areas. While there are several possible reasons for this, one of the main causes is the different locations in installing the equipment. Therefore, geographic information systems (GIS) data was incorporated into a predictive model to predict failure of the electric power distribution equipment (transformers). This research developed a location-based predictive model of equipment failure for preventative maintenance scheduling and planning. This study focused on equipment-related failures, in which data regarding the equipment and outages from the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) were merged with GIS data from multiple sources, including data on elevation, weather, natural landmarks, and points of interest (POIs). The data were divided into four datasets, representing four of PEA’s operational regions. Feature selection was conducted using random forests (RF) and identified the main factors causing power supply failure in each region and in the country. These factors were confirmed by using structural equation modelling (SEM). Finally, logistic regression and RF regression analysis were applied to compare the effectiveness of predictive models for equipment failures. The outcomes showed that RF regression was more effective than logistic regression at estimating equipment failure. Equipment lifespan and electrical load during outage were significant predictors for equipment breakdown in all regions. Moreover, geographic features were significant predictors in each region, but these may vary by region. Thus, the study concluded that the developed approach could be used in preventative maintenance planning and some modifications may be needed based on regional characteristics, including geographic location and patterns of urbanization and industrialization. Implication of the thesis: The result of the study shows that location is a significant factor related to the deviation of equipment lifespan. It also helps predict equipment lifespan for each piece of equipment depending on the installation location. This study will lead to more effectiveness and efficiency in preventive maintenance planning as engineers can maintain or replace equipment before its failure. Thus, reducing power outage frequency and duration will also result in improving electricity reliability, which will reduce economic loss, increase the standard of living, and enhance the country’s reputation.Item Open Access Rapid identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in positive hemoculture using nanopore sequencing(Mahidol University, 2023) Thunchanok Yaikhan; Witchuda Kamolvit; Iyarit Thaipisuttikul; Methee Chayakulkeeree; Thidathip WongsurawatBloodstream infection (BSI) is a major burden of the healthcare system that has contributed to high mortality of patients. Rapid and reliable detection of pathogens affects antimicrobial management and patient outcomes. The current conventional techniques for diagnostic microbiology have been limited by uncultivatable pathogens, low sensitivity, and slowness. Our study aimed to identify pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from positive blood cultures using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). The qualification and quantification of extracted DNA for sequencing were compared by using three different extraction kits (DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kits, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and ZymoBIOMICS DNA Miniprep Kit). Moreover, the time to result and the comprehensiveness of bacterial identification were compared among conventional routine methods, BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID), and ONT. By 30 positive blood cultures, we detected 31, 29, and 32 isolates using routine, BCID, and ONT methods, respectively. ONT could identify all isolates to the species level, whereas routine identified 83.87% (26 out of 31) at the species level and 89.65% (26 out of 29) of isolates could be identified by species name using BCID. There was a consensus among the three techniques that Escherichia coli was the highest prevalent pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, we detected the human genome from sample number 30, alerting it as a false positive from the routine laboratory. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of all isolates was performed using bioinformatics analytic software. Carbapenem resistance genes were detected that associated with the resistance phenotype. Time to get results since the point of hemoculture alarming positive by using routine, BCID, and ONT methods were 47.8 h, 1.07 h, and 3 h, respectively. We also determined the clones of our isolates by in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and demonstrated the relatedness to other isolates recovered from Asian countries by generating a minimum spanning tree. Two K. pneumoniae demonstrated identical STs to isolates from other regions in Asia. In conclusion, the ONT with an appropriate extraction method provides rapid and comprehensive identification of BSI pathogens and their AMR genes. Therefore, this technique may help clinicians in an early de-escalation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and could be applied to the field of infection control. Implication of the thesis: ONT, a long-read sequencing, could provide comprehensive analysis for rapid diagnosis that is promising for future applications in clinical microbiology and healthcare surveillance purposes.Item Open Access Generation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies specific to dengue virus NS1 protein as therapeutic agents(Mahidol University, 2023) Rochanawan Sootichote; Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul; Pongrama Ramasoota; Kobporn Boonnak; Supawat Chatchen; Sumate AmpawongDengue fever, a cause of dengue virus infection, is one of the major public health issues worldwide and particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Symptomatic infection of dengue disease has been ranged from flu-like illness to severe dengue disease called Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) /Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). The severe disease, including vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia and bleeding, is frequently related to high viral titer and secondary infection. Interestingly, anti-NS1 antibodies have been considered to play a pivotal role in dengue pathogenesis resulting in severe dengue progression. In this study, four distinguishing characteristics of anti-NS1 human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) that recognize NS1 C-terminal residue and no cross-reactivity to human thrombin and human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), were previously generated from patients harbouring secondary dengue virus (DENV) 2 infection at the convalescent stage. These HuMAbs were investigated for the promising activity of NS1 HuMAbs-associated dengue pathogenesis including DENV NS1-induced cell cytolysis and viral replication via complement pathway, endothelial permeability and cytokines/chemokines secretion in HMEC-1 cells. As a result, NS1-specific HuMAbs exhibited therapeutic effects by neutralizing DENV and attenuating the replication of DENV 2 via a complement mechanism in endothelial cells. Interestingly, we found that not only HuMAbs against DENV NS1 caused complement-mediated cell lysis of infected cells but these HuMAbs also significantly decreased endothelial leakage and reduced cytokines production. Our findings suggest the novel potential of DENV NS1 human monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic option against dengue disease.Item Open Access The impact of anisotropic electrical resistivity on surface magnetotelluric responses and the development of two new anisotropic inversions(Mahidol University, 2023) Wisart Thongyoy; Weerachai Siripunvaraporn; Puwis Amatyakul; Sutthipong NoisagoolTo study the anisotropic effects on the magnetotelluric method, we developed software for the forward modeling process to observe the behaviors of the responses on an anisotropic body and an inversion software to study what we can expect from the real field data. We found that each element of the resistivity tensor has a different level of influence on each component of the impedance tensor and the tipper vector, while some elements may be considered to have negligible influences on responses. To quantify the influence level, we have proposed the impedance influence indices and the tipper edge indices for the influence on the impedance tensor and the tipper vector, respectively. We then used these indices on isotropic models to justify that our indices behave correspondingly to the widely known behaviors of the magnetotelluric and to quantify the negligible level of influence. The indices shown that, while ρ(xy) is zero, ρ(xx) highly affects Z(xy), Z(yy), and T(y); ρ(yy) highly affects Z(yx), Z(xx), and T(x); but ρ(zz), ρ(xz), ρ(yz) has no significant influence. However, if ρ(xy) is not zero, the values of ρ(xx), ρ(yy), and ρ(xy) highly affect all the responses, while ρ(zz), ρ(xz), and ρ(yz) still have no effect. Moreover, with the present ρ(xy); Z(xx), Z(yy), T(x), and T(y) have high amplitude and cover the surface above an anisotropic structure, while only at edges in the absent case. Hence, we proposed two anisotropic inversion methods. First, the decoupled ρ(x)-mode and ρ(y)-mode inversions to recover ρ(xx) (ρ(x)) and ρ(yy) (ρ(y)) independently, respectively, which can also be performed in parallel or as a joint inversion. Second, the reduced coupled azimuthal anisotropic inversion, which is used to recover ρ(xx), ρ(yy), and ρ(xy) at the same time. The two designs do not cover the recovery of ρ(xz), ρ(yz), and ρ(zz) and have low influences. The criterion for choosing the method to be used is related to the high amplitude coverage of Z(xx), Z(yy), T(x), and T(y). These two inversion methods greatly limit the number of searching variables, and the computational resources. We then developed our inversion program based on the idea proposed to recover the axial part of the resistivity tensor. The inversion program for general anisotropy is left for the future work. We compared the result and performance of the ρ(x)-mode, ρ(y)-mode, the joint between them, and the conventional axial inversion and found that there is no significant difference between the recovered ρ(xx) and ρ(yy) models. This confirms the success of the separation. The runtime for decoupled is also faster but uses less memory compared to the conventional method.Item Open Access Causal factors affecting district-level collaborative governance for long-term elderly care policy implementation in Thailand(Mahidol University, 2022) Nithirat Boontanon; Gamolporn Sonsri; Nopraenue Sajjarax Dhirathiti; Jitsuda LimkriengkraiThe purpose of this study was to summarize the process of collaborative governance at the district level, examine the causal factors, and develop a structural model of the causal factors affecting collaborative governance at the district level in the implementation of long-term elderly care policy in Thailand. A mixed research method was used in which a qualitative research was conducted first. The informants were 4 district-level committees for quality of life improvement (DQI) in 4 regions. Data were collected using estimated rating scales, anecdotal records, and semi-structured interviews with non-participant observation and an in-depth interview. In the second step, quantitative research, the sample group consisted of 419 government, private, and public representatives who were members of the DQI. A two-stage random sample was used, proportionally divided by region. Data were collected using 3-part questionnaires. The results showed that the operation of the DQI was consistent with the concept of collaborative governance. Regulations, power and leadership, history, resources, and motivation were found to directly and indirectly influence collaboration in implementing long-term care policy for older persons. Thus, a causal factor structure could be developed to obtain conformity indices for all criteria. Therefore, these causal factors should be developed for the DQI to effectively collaborate in policy implementation in the future.Item Open Access Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in high risk pregnancy : a multicenter randomized controlled trial(Mahidol University, 2020) Visasiri Tantrakul; Atiporn Ingsathit; Ammarin Thakkinstian; Aroonwan Preutthipan; Panyu Panburana thsObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy leads to adverse maternal-fetal outcomes particularly preeclampsia. Whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment can reduce blood pressure and the incidence of preeclampsia is uncertain. A multi-center open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted to receive CPAP treatment or usual care (control) on 1:1 ratio. Eligibility criteria included participants with singleton pregnancy during first trimester aged above 18 years with any of the followings; 1) chronic hypertension, 2) hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation, 3) obesity, 4) history of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, 5) history of gestational diabetes, or 6) diabetes. Participants must have OSA with respiratory disturbance index between 5-30 events/hour based on polysomnography. Primary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressures during follow-ups. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy complications at delivery. Three-hundred and forty participants were recruited. Twenty-eight participants discontinued and 2 were excluded leaving 153 and 157 participants in the CPAP and control groups for intention-to-treat analyses. CPAP adherence rate was 32.7% with average nightly use of 2.5 hours. Primary outcomes showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures [mean (standard error); 114.1(1.0) vs 116.1(0.9) mmHg, p=0.148; 70.4(0.6) vs 72.5(0.6) mmHg, p=0.014]. Preeclampsia occurred in 20 participants in CPAP group (13.1%) and 35 participants in controls (22.3%); risk difference −0.09 [95% confidence interval (−0.18,−0.01), p=0.037] with number needed to treat of 11 (95% confidence interval: 1, 21). In conclusion, CPAP treatment in high risk pregnancy even with mild to moderate OSA demonstrated reductions in diastolic blood pressure and the incidence of preeclampsia.Item Open Access The causal relationship model of factors affecting digital literacy among the academic personnel in the Thai higher education institutions ranked in the world university rankings(Mahidol University., 2023) Aphisit Kunnaworapanya; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Phut Ploywan; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Krish Rugchatjaroen thsThis research aimed to (1) study the factors that could influence digital literacy, (2) learn about confirmatory factors, (3) investigate the effects on the size of the model, (4) create a model of causal relationship, and (5) examine the consistency of the model by using Mixed Methodology. This study was divided into 3 steps. For step 1, factors influencing digital literacy were studied by analyzing concepts, theories, and related studies. Data were recorded according to a classification system. Step 2 involved exploring confirmatory factors and their influence on the size of the model, and creating a causal relationship model. The sample group consisted of 760 academic personnel in 17 world-ranked Thai higher education institutions. The sampling group was determined to the number of parameters as 20:1 and randomized by hierarchy. Data were collected through a questionnaire, using advanced software packages for statistical analysis such as Chi-square, RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, and RMR. Lastly, step 3 was to examine the consistency of the patterns. The population consisted of 17 experts selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected by an assessment form with a model consistency. The statistical analyses used were mean and standard deviation. The results showed that (1) factors that influence digital understanding were organizational culture, organizational leadership, management, organizational commitment, human capital development, and participation. (2) The developed confirmatory factors were consistent with the empirical data (χ 2 =2022.50, df=1299, p=0.04251, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.95, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.024). The weight of the component of the unobserved variable was between 0.75 - 0.94. The weights of the component of the observed variable were between 0.30 - 0.75. The external unobserved variable was related to the internal unobserved variable and had a correlation in the range of 0.42 - 0.96 and the intrinsic unobserved variable which projected a correlation in the range of 0.21 - 0.94. (3) The influential size of the causal relationship model of the factors that influenced digital literacy could explain the variance in digital comprehension at 0.12%. The variable with the highest direct influence was participation at 0.499 and the variable with the highest indirect influence was participation at -0.273. It was found that the total influential size on the model of causal relationship that could also influence digital literacy was 0.088. (4) The model of causal relationship that could influence the digital literacy of academic personnel in Thai higher education institutions ranked in the world's universities consisted of 7 unobserved variables: digital literacy, organizational culture, organizational leadership, management, organizational commitment, human capital development, and participation, measured from 23 observed variables. (5) The results of the consistency check of the model showed a high level. When considering each side, it was found that the usefulness of the model was at the highest level while the possibilities of the model and the suitability of the model were at a high level. Implication of the thesis: This research contains information on the causal relationship model of factors influencing digital literacy of academic personnel in Thai higher education institutions ranked among the world-ranked universities. It has established a human capital management and development policy for the digital transformation and plan the personnel development as follows. Firstly, human capital management tactic involves conducting a strategic plan for managing and developing human capital, workforce plan, and career advancement plans, as well as enhancing universities to be compact and modernized. Secondly, human capital management involves developing proactive recruitment/selection processes, developing performance management systems, determining clear performance indicators, developing and improving compensation management, welfare, and fringe benefit systems, developing care system for academic personnel and talent management system, creating the working environment reinforcing job performance and implementing a system of recognition or rewards. Thirdly, human capital development involves developing the knowledge, competencies, and digital literacy skills of academic personnel, promoting and supporting self-development among academic personnel to achieve higher academic positions, driving core values, core competencies, and organizational culture. Lastly, information management involves developing information systems to provide updated data in a timely and efficient manner, utilizing online social media for public relations and dissemination, as well as providing data to academic personnel. The results of this research can be used as a guideline for the development of academic personnel. It can also be used to promote and develop the efficiency of academic personnel in Thai higher education institutions ranked among the world's universities.Item Open Access The development of social measurement for cultural and integrity behavior of gross national integrity index(Mahidol University, 2022) Tinapop Pattana; Somboon Sirisunhirun; Somsak Amornsiriphong; Phut Ploywan; Krish Rugchatjaroen; Phudit TejativaddhanaThe goal of this research is to construct indicators of social integrity and to synthesis the conceptual framework for calculating the GNII index. In this study, the research methodology focuses on quantitative research with an eye on examining the content of both primary and secondary data. The first step of this research method concentrated on qualitative research employing document research, in-depth interviews, the research technique of sending letters of comments and ideas to the population, as well as the key information from 32 individuals and a 50-person seminar on connoisseurship. Additionally, the quantitative research used in this study was operationalized to test assumptions, provide answers to research study questions, and develop and combine the conceptual framework for calculating the GNII index. The aforementioned study procedure produced the explore and summarized Gross National Integrity Index, GNII of Thai society's citizens of all ages. The research was conducted on Thai adults older than 18 years old, and it used a population sample using Taro Yamane's formula with an exact number of participants and a study procedure that accepts a 0.05 deviation from random sampling. And, the research outcome is represented by the number of population sampling (n) from probability sampling and stratified sampling in both primary data and secondary data, with a total of 202,331 respondents. The results are provided through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Analytical Factor Extraction (AFE) investigations using the Principal Components (PC) technique, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Gross National Integrity Index (GNII), when analysis by statistical methodology of Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square and χ 2 =43.91 contains the degree of freedom of test 32, and its value is greater than 1, and the p value X 2 comes from the value of probability level 0.07, which is greater than 0.05, was discovered through analysis and research using confirmatory factor analysis. Check a number of harmony, such as the statistical values for CMIN/DF=1.374 (less than 3), RMR=0.002, and RMSEA=0.001 (less than 0.05), including GFI=1.000, AGFI=1.000, NFI=1.000, TLI=1.000, and CFI=1.000 (greater than 0.95). As a result, it is acceptable to adopt the Gross National Integrity Index (GNII) Measurement Model coordinated with empirical data. It is made up of 4 components: 1) Measurement Model No.1 (M1): Model for measuring the latent factor of Values of Integrity of Folkway 2) Measurement Model No.2 (M2): A Model for Measuring the Potential Factors of Social Morality Standard 3) Measurement Model No.3 (M3): Measurement model of potential factors of Folkway and civic duty based on Standard of Core Democracy 4) Measurement Model No.4 (M4): Latent Factor Measurement Model for Attitude and Behavior Dishonesty. The survey's findings reflect the evaluation of Thai people's culture and moral character based on the GNII Index. The people were judged to have the greatest level of culture and integrity in their actions. The score was 81.224 out of 100 when expressed as a percentage score with the weight factor set to 100 percent, with a mean ( Xˉ ) of 4.780 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.858.Item Open Access P recovery from nightsoil-treated sludge using chemical and biological methods(Mahidol University, 2023) Wanida Pimpeach; Bunyarit Panyapinyopol; Suwisa Mahasandana; Withida Patthanaissaranukool; Supawadee PolprasertThe study aimed to comprehensively enhance the techno-economic feasibility of phosphorus (P) recovery from nightsoil-treated sludge (NTS) or primary settled-nightsoil sludge (PSNS) using acid leaching (a chemical process) and anaerobic co-digestion (a biological process). Results obtained from the chemical process showed that 92.7% of P could be effectively extracted from PSNS of 20,000 mg/L with 0.5 M of H2SO4 at a reaction time of 45 min (optimum condition). Moreover, the pseudo second-order was fit to describe the dynamics of the P, Fe, Mg, and Ca leaching processes. Kinetic studies showed that the 99% leaching of the maximum extracted P concentration at equilibrium (9.6673 mg/g) took place in less than 1 h. Regarding P recovery, the highest phosphorus yields (more than 98%) were obtained at pH 11 for all cases. In addition, 15.2% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP) with the highest P content of 9.7% in precipitates could be achieved under pH 9 with sea salt addition. For the biological process, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) was inhibited by the accumulation of undigested feedstock due to the higher PSNS found in AD4 (25FW:75PSNS) and AD5 (100PSNS). A more stable process was found in AD2 (75FW:25PSNS) under HRT 15 days, in which COD removal efficiency and P release were 97.2 and 80.2%, respectively. This recommended condition allowed a high organic loading rate (OLR) at 12 gVS/L/d, resulting in the highest biogas yield of 0.93 L/L/d. P recovery efficiency from effluents and %P in solids decreased with increasing total suspended solids (TSS), indicating the adverse effect of TSS on struvite quality. The precipitates formed from AD2 effluents had the highest MAP of 46% with 10.94% of P in solids. The operational costs assessment demonstrated that the chemical method generated a higher average cost of more than 100 USD kg P −1 . However, the AcoD system under AD2 and AD3 had a profit margin of more than 8 USD kg P −1 when the product’s market price was greater than 13.5 USD kg P −1 . Thus, the P recovery process using AcoD of PSNS and FW could be used as a pragmatic way to utilize PSNS as an alternative resource for P.Item Open Access Investigation of enzymatic properties and structural changes of cysteine substituted mutants of human cytochrome c(Mahidol University, 2023) Sasiprapa Samsri; Soraya Pornsuwan; Panida Surawatanawong; Teera ChantarojsiriCytochrome c (Cytc) is well-known as an electron transporter in mitochondria. Additional function of Cytc is an initiator in the apoptotic pathway by acting as a peroxidase. This process involves conformational changes in Cytc, including structural adjustments at the Ω-loop segments, which facilitate the opening of the heme crevice to the active site. Mutations in Cytc at Ω-loops have been studied for their impact on peroxidase activity. In this work, to examine how the Ω-loops of human Cytochrome c (huCytc) involve in the peroxidase activity, the researcher prepared four mutants located in three different regions of the Ω-loops, i.e., T28C and G34C (proximal Ω-loop), A50C (central Ω-loop), and P76C (distal Ω-loop). The biophysical properties of these mutants were then compared to the wild-type (WT) huCytc. In addition, the flexibility at the sites of the mutated cysteines was analyzed using site-directed spin-labeling electron spin resonance (SDSL-ESR). Moreover, the data from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were incorporated to observe detailed structural and dynamics caused by the mutations. The results of these structural and dynamic analyses were then compared to the modulation of peroxidase activity. According to Michaelis-Menten kinetic model, it was found that the peroxidase activity was increased from WT by ~13, ~2.6, and ~2 folds for P76C, G34C, and A50C, respectively. Meanwhile T28C mutant and WT were found to be comparable. Interestingly, the ESR data showed that the most restricted site was at T28C while P76C showed the highest flexibility of the loop at this region of huCytc, which is consistent with the peroxidase activity results. Additionally, the MD results suggested the important changes in P76C mutant occurred due to the more opening of cavity where it is related to active site resulting in enhancing peroxidase activity. Moreover, the G34C mutant caused local destabilization and flexibility at the proximal Ω-loop. Besides the mutation at distal Ω-loop, the mutation on proximal Ω-loop (G34C) also modulate the structure to increasing peroxidase activity. The investigation of conformational changes of huCytc and its related peroxidase activity would contribute to the benefit on its application in vitro and guide a way to understand huCytc to the role of apoptosis in the environments similar to those in cell.Item Open Access Symptom experience, symptom management strategies and health related quality of life among patients with heart failure admitted to the hospitals in Myanmar(Mahidol University, 2017) Moe, Thida, 1973-; Usavadee Asdornwised; Orapan Thosingha; Chatkanok Dumavibhat; Natkamol ChansatitpornThis cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study aimed to describe the symptom experience (prevalence, frequency, severity, and distress) after admission (time 1) and one month after discharge (time 2), examine changes in symptom experience between those two times, describe symptom management strategies and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and determine the predictability of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and selected variables (age, employment status, comorbid condition) on HRQOL among patients with heart failure in Myanmar. The Theory of Symptom Management was used as a conceptual framework, and 140 patients with heart failure were recruited from three general hospitals by purposive sampling. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires including the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Heart Failure, and the Symptom Management Strategies-Heart Failure. The results indicated that almost equal percentages of female and male (51% vs. 49%) with an average age of 59.35 (SD=13.79) years involved in the study and 30% of them were employed. On average, the participants had 3.21 (SD=1.12) comorbid conditions and experienced 14.72 (SD = 4.94) symptoms at time 1 and 8.93 (SD=3.25) at time 2. Shortness of breath was rated as one of the top-ranked symptoms in almost all dimensions at both times. However, changes in rankings of symptom experience were found statistically significant between two times at p<0.001. The participants used an average of 18.53 (SD=5.02) symptom management strategies and reported mean HRQOL as a moderate level (39.89 ± 12.78). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the variability of HRQOL can be predicted 51.8% by the symptom experience (prevalence, severity, and distress) and symptom management strategies together with age and comorbid condition [R 2 =0.518, F(6,133)=23.845, p<.001]. The findings will guide the implications for nursing practice in symptom management of heart failure. Further studies are suggested to identify relationships among symptoms and develop an effective symptom management program for improving health-related quality of life among patients with heart failure.Item Open Access Designing a trumpet method conceptual idea through the study of fundamental trumpet techniques in Thai Luk Thung music and western pedagogical methods for trumpet(Mahidol University, 2022) Patcharee Suwantada; Bowman, Joseph L.; Fyr, Kyle; Ni-on Tayrattanachai; Narongchai PidokrajtLuk Thung music is an essential Thai musical style. Learning this style is a crucial part of a trumpet player’s chances for career success in Thailand’s musical industry. This research aims to generate a conceptual idea for a trumpet method design based on LukThung music through the study of three categories: 1) fundamental trumpet techniques appearing in Thai Luk Thung music, 2) comparison of fundamental technique approaches between Western pedagogical methods for trumpet and Luk Thung music, and 3) the possibility of using Luk Thung music to develop fundamental trumpet techniques for trumpet players. The purposeful sampling includes audiovisual materials, documents and in-depth interviews used for collecting data and analysis. The findings were discussed and presented as the model to design a trumpet method including: 1) purpose of the method design, 2) structure of the method, 3) scope of contents, and 4) details of contents. This generated conceptual idea will be a guideline for trumpet players, music teachers or trumpet educators who are interested to design their own trumpet methods based on Thai Luk Thung music that suits their needs.Item Open Access Development of a participation program between school and family to prevent obesity among school-age children(Mahidol University, 2021) Pennapa Ritwong Suwannawong; Naruemon Auemaneekul; Arpaporn Powwattana; Rawadee ChongsuwatSchool and home have been found to be disconnected in practice, which has led to failed sustainability of obesity prevention among school-age children. The present study was based on ecological system theory (EST) approaches by applying participatory action research (PAR) to develop a participatory program between school and family to prevent obesity among school-age children. This study applied the PAR process by seeking problems to jointly plan corrections before testing plans and assessing results by observing, reflecting and this study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The stakeholders were composed of students, families, teachers, school lunch cooks, and shop vendors. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to analyze the quantitative data, while content analysis with the NVivo program (Version 10) was utilized to evaluate the qualitative data. The findings showed that the factors contributing to school-age obesity were complex and composed of individual factors, family environmental factors and school environmental factors. The entire school group wanted sustainable solutions for obesity while families wanted to participate but were unable to participate in school activities due to time constraints and a need to work for a living, while linking practices between home and school led to building sustainability. Therefore, the developed model covered all three levels by applying social media technologies consisting of Facebook, YouTube and LINE to continuity and consistency of practices at school and in the family.After performing all activities, the students were found to have improved in nutritional status. Behaviors compared between the experimental and control groups were different with statistical significance in the areas of students, physical activity and exercise behaviors (F(1,270)=28.356; p-value=0.000), and knowledge (F(1,270)=4.090; P-value=0.044). In families, perception of obesity in their children (F(1,270)=6.192; P-value=0.013) and family modeling behaviors (F(1,270)=13.847; P-value=0.000) in the experimental group and the control group were different with statistical significance. The schools changed school environments contributing to program sustainability and policy-driving. This study applied PAR with EST. The use of these two methods had positive effects leading to sustainability. Application of technologies led to connected and consistent practices at home and school. Parents participated more and had consistency of obesity prevention practices among students at home and at school.Item Open Access A discourse analysis of Vietnamese decorative art(Mahidol University, 2014) Thanik Khachonkittisakul; Sophana Srichampa; Naraset Pisitpanporn; Isara ChoosriThis is an analysis based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to explore the interrelationship between visual illustration and its linguistic explanation in terms of multimodal discourse. This dissertation consists of two parts of analysis: first, the three meaning systems, which include Transitivity, Mood, and Theme systems; second, contextual analysis, which includes contextual values and contextual interpretation based on the context of the Vietnamese language. The multimodal text is taken from the book entitled Hoa Văn Cung Đình Huế (in Vietnamese) and a pilot study including fifteen fieldwork interviews from fifteen Vietnamese tourists. The findings show some realizations between linguistic and visual signs as a system of selections among potential meaning resources in terms of “social semiotics” identified by the system of Transitivity and Theme. There is no significant evidence to inform this existing relation within the system of Mood, which needs further investigation by gathering more data and using higher technological measurements for study. Within contextual analysis, the results show some characteristics of particular text realized by the configuration of three values, including Mode, Field, and Tenor. These three functional values rely on each other to produce a typical type of text. The book Hoa Văn Cung Đình Huế is thus the result of a selection of linguistic resources and visual resources (Mode) to produce a whole experiential meaning of multimodal text (Field), which is used to communicate with the reader or viewer (Tenor). However, there is evidence that the Mode is the first configuration among three contextual values that realize the contextual meaning of multimodal discourse, while the contextual meaning in this context is realized by two types of meaning interpretation: Meaning expansion and Meaning projection. Some benefits of this study can potentially be applied to other fields of human communications, including film, advertising, animation, and so on.Item Open Access Language variation and vitality of Lawua in northern Thailand(Mahidol University, 2019) Rakkhun Panyawuthakrai; Mayuree Thawornpat; Suwilai Premsrirat; Siripen UngsitipoonpornThe objectives of this investigation were to study the language variation and vitality of Lawua in Northern Thailand, covering two provinces: Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son. The study was an analysis of Lawua phonological variation according to three age groups: 18-30 (young generation), 40-55 (middle-aged generation), and 65 years and over (old generation), both male and female, and determines the degree of Lawua language vitality among six Lawua villages: La Up, Pa Pae, Phae, Bo Sali, Kong Loi, and Mai Thung Son. The analysis of Lawua phonological variation was based on the data collected from 108 language consultants using 352 lexical items. The analysis of Lawua vitality and endangerment was based on the data collected from 1,061 language participants using a language vitality questionnaire adapted from UNESCO (2003) comprising seven questions on: 1) overall vitality and endangerment, 2) generational language use, 3) number of speakers (if possible), 4) proportion of speakers within the reference community, 5) domains of language use, 6) new domains of traditional knowledge (TK), and 7) the relevant materials or documents about language use. The results revealed that Lawua language varies phonologically and most often in the young generation, less often in the middle-aged generation, and least in the old generation. However, the vitality of the Lawua in La Up, Pa Pae, Kong Loi, and Mai Thung Son communities can be rated high because it is still spoken by children at home and in their communities, while in Phae and Bo Sali communities, it is definitely endangered because it is mainly spoken by the older speakers and inconsistently by the middle-aged speakers. In addition, Lawua shift to Kham Mueang and Central Thai through a lexical replacement is radically occurring in all communities. Hence, Pa Pae Lawua and Kong Loi Lawua showed a very high vitality but remains at an unsafe level, whereas La Up Lawua and Mai Thung Son Lawua was rated as having high vitality but definite endangerment.Item Open Access Model of music activities to enchance brain development of children from birthe to three years(Mahidol University, 2020) Natcha Techaaphonchai; Ni-on Tayrattanachai; Natee Chiengchana; Duangruthai PokaratsiriThe first three years of a child are imperative for the development of the brain, where music could have a significant role in enhancing such development. This research aims to 1) study the function of music in enhancing brain development of children from birth to three years, and 2) develop the model of music activities to enhance the brain development of children from birth to three years. This qualitative research was conducted through the early childhood music class observation and the focus group interview of 7 experts and the early childhood music teachers in Thailand. This data collection was used to gain more understanding of the relationship between music and the development of brain functions in memory, language, thought, and emotion. Subsequently, the data analysis was used to design the model of music activities for enhancing brain development in children from birth to three years. This research shows that 1) parts of the brain responsible for memory, language, thinking, emotions, and communication of children from birth to three years are significantly stimulated when children are contentedly eager to engage in sensorimotor coordination music activities, such as attention building, call & respond, go & no go, and improvisation. And found that 2) the best practice model for music activities that aim to enhance brain development of children from birth to three years should consist of three stages: motivation, music engagement and enjoyment, and reflection and feedback. These three stages can be achieved through cooperation between teachers and parents, knowledge of brain development stages, and a systematic evaluation plan.