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Publication Open Access Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain among oil field workers in Minhla Township, Magway Region, Myanmar(2019) Hlaing Myo Thu; Jiraporn Chompikul; Bang-on Thepthien; Chathaya Wongrathanandha; ลาย เหมียว ตรู; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; บังอร เทพเทียน; ฉัฐญาณ์ วงศ์รัฐนันท์; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Department of Community Medicine; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentLow back pain is the most common health problem among oil field workers and the leading cause of disability. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess prevalence and risk factors for low back pain among oil field workers in Minhla Township, Magway Region, Myanmar. A multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to draw a sample of 280 workers. The data collection was conducted at the Nga Naung Mone small-scale oil field from April to May 2019. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine risk factors for low back pain. The prevalence of low back pain among workers was high (83.6%). Only 20.4% of participants had good safety practices. The significant risk factors detected by the Chi-square tests were knowledge about occupational health hazards and exposure to lifting heavy materials. However, the socio-demographic factors and other risk factors were not statistically significantly associated with low back pain. Multiple logistic regression results showed that the following factors remained significantly associated with having low back pain: knowledge about occupational health hazards and exposure to lifting heavy materials. After adjusting for other factors, workers who had fair to poor knowledge about occupational health hazards were 2.32 times more likely to have low back pain than those who had good knowledge (Adj. OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.01 - 4.99). Prevalence of low back pain was high among small-scale oil field workers, as well as exposure to biomechanical hazards, especially lifting heavy objects. Most of the workers had inadequate knowledge, attitude and practice. Educational programs about occupational health and safety should be provided for workers. Moreover, the owners should supply lifting tools. The Government could play an important role by putting more regulations and controls.Publication Open Access Job stress among nurses in public hospitals in Ratchaburi province,Thailand(2010) Aoki M; Aoki, Masaki; Kiewkarnka B; Boonyong Kiewkarnka; บุญยง เกี่ยวการค้า; Chompikul J; Jiraporn Chompikul; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; Boonyong Kiewkarnka; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to study job stress among nurses in public hospitals in Ratchaburi province, Thailand. The objectives were to describe the prevalence of job stress, the socio-demographic factors, the work... categorized into the high-risk group for job stress. Moreover, job stress was found to be significantly associated with workload, work relationships and social support. More than 70% of the respondents thought that their workloads were heavy. It was alsoPublication Open Access Patient satisfaction with Hearth services at the Out patient Department Clinic of Wangmamyen Community Hospital, Sakeao province, Thailand(2007) Ny Net; Santhat Sermsri; Jiraporn Chompikul; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Developmentsatisfaction level. The majority of comments from patients were critical of long waiting times fbr seeing doctors and pharmacists, rate commencement of doctor,s working time, and poor interpersonal manner of doctors and nurses. Reinforcement... of the regulation on working hours and recruitment of more doctors are recommended' Two ways communication during the provision of service and the establishment of a good com- municator model are also recommended. Patient satisfaction studies shoulcl be conductedPublication Open Access Factors associated with time to start antenatal care within 12 weeks gestational age among mothers in Mahasarakham province, Thailand(2016) Prapant Soontornprakasit; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Jiraporn Chompikul; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentTime to start antenatal care (ANC) within 12 weeks gestational age (GA) was important to reduce maternal mortality. This study aimed to determine factors associated with time to start antenatal care within 12 weeks GA among postpartum women in Mahasarakham province. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 537 postpartum women delivered in all hospitals of Mahasarakham Province, Thailand by using stratified sampling with proportion to size method. The self-administered questionnaires were used for this survey. Data were collected during June 1 to December 15, 2014 by using stratified sampling with proportional to size method. All cases of postpartum women who delivered in Mahasarakham province were included, except minority ethnic and illiteracy postpartum women. This study found that 99.6% postpartum women took at least 1 time to use services at ANC. 50.4% started ANC within 12 weeks GA and 18.6% were teenage (age<19 years) pregnancies. Only 6.6% had awareness of right time to start ANC within 12 weeks GA. After adjusted for confounding factors, the study found that teenage pregnancy was 2.39 times risk of delay ANC compare to adult pregnancy (Adj OR=2.39, 95% CI= 1.32-4.34) and women with universal health coverage insurance was 1.66 times (Adj OR=1.66, 95% CI =1.11-2.49) risk of delay ANC compare to the non-UC group. This study indicated that the first time to start ANC within 12 weeks GA should be greater publicized and wider campaigned among women of reproductive age especially the teenage group. Moreover, the reasons that the teenage and universal health coverage group delay ANC utilization should be investigated more using a qualitative research.Publication Open Access Factors influencing the performance of village health posts in Kalasin Province, Thailand(2019) Bunpode Suwannachat; Jiraporn Chompikul; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Boonyong Keiwkarnka; บรรพจน์ สุวรรณชาติ; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; อรุณศรี มงคลชาติ; บุญยง เกี่ยวการค้า; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA descriptive study was conducted to identify factors influencing the performance of village health posts (VHPs) at Kalasin province, Thailand. Stratified sampling was used to randomly select a sample of 92 VHPs which responded to the structured questionnaires. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to examine associations between independent variables and the performance of VHPs. The response rate was 74.2%. Thirty-five VHPs (38 %) were categorized into the high level of the performance and 57 VHPs (62 %) into the low level of the performance using the mean activities (3.58 visits per day) done by each VHP as the cut-off point. In the Chi-square tests, community health group, community health fund, distance from a VHP to a health center more than 3 kilometers, financial support for village health volunteers and participation of community leaders in VHP execution were found to be significant association with the performance of VHPs (p-value < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealing significant predictors for the performance of VHPs composed of financial support for village health volunteers and participation of community leaders in VHP execution. When controlling other factors, VHPs with financial support for health volunteers were 5.9 times more likely to have the high level of the performance than those with no financial support. VHPs with high level of community leader participation in execution of VHPs was 10.2 times more likely to have the high level of the performance than those with the low level of participation. The findings of this study suggest that providing of financial support for village health volunteers and promotion of community leader participation in VHP execution can boost the performance of VHPs.Publication Open Access Trend of Detection and Prevalence Rates of Leprosy in the Central - Highland Region.Vietnam during 1996 -2005(2007) Luong Truong Son; Jiraporn Chompikul; Sirikul Isaranurug; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentA retrospective study was conducted to assess and predict the epidemiology situation of leprosy (based on the annual leprosy reports during 1996 - 2005 from 11 provinces) in the Central - Highland Region. Between 1996 and 2OO5, a total 4,262 leprosy cases were detected in the Central-Highland Region Vietnam 600/0 were males and 40 % were females (male to female ratio = 1.5: 1). The percentage of age group (< 15 years) was 8.5% during this period. For clinical classification, 57.6% were i-Bacillary, 42.4% were Pauci - Bacillary, The disabled grade II proportion of leprosy among new cases had decreased consistently and continuous from 36.8% (1996) to 19.1% (2005)' averaged 25.6%. Trends of the leprosy detection and prevalence rates had decreased significantly, steadily and continuously since 1996. The prevalence was 1.35 per 10,000 populations in 1996 that had decreased by 86% at the end of 2005 (0.19 per 10,000 populations). The detection rate was 2.03 per 100,000 populations in 2005 that had decreased by 76% since 1996 (8.34 per 100,000 populations). The annual decrease in prevalence and detection rates in the Central-Highland Region during 1996 - 2005 were results of adequate finding of new leprosy cases during 1996 (?89 cases) - 2OO5 (236 cases). The relationship between prevalence and detection rate highly positive correlated (r = 0.99), and was statistically significant (p< 0.01). This indicated that the more the detection rate decreased, the more the prevalence rate decreased. The forecasts for detection rate of leprosy were 1.66, 1.31, and 0.97 per 100,000 populations in 2006, 2OO7 and 2008 (the accuracy of forecasting was quite high as the mean square deviation was only 0.12, The forecasts for the number of new leprosy cases were 209 in 2006, 194 in 2OO7 and 179 in 2008. However, the accuracy of forecasting is not high.Publication Open Access Strengthening self-help and mutual aid in Japan’s community-based integrated care system based on the Thai health policy for the elderly(2019) Kyoko Sudo; Jun Kobayashi; Shinichiro Noda; Jiraporn Chompikul; Yoshiharu Fukuda; Kenzo Takahashi; เคียวโก๊ะ ซูโด๊ะ; จูน โคบายาชิ; ชินนิชิโร๊ะ โนด๊ะ; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; โยชิฮารุ ฟุกุดะ; เคนโซ๊ะ ทากาฮาชิ; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Development; National College of Nursing. National Center for Global Health and Medicine; University of Ryukyus. Department of Global Health; National Center for Global Health and Medicine. Bureau of International Health Cooperation,; Teikyo University. Graduate School of Public HealthAging is a global issue not especially in the developed world. Governments of both developed and developing countries struggle with the financial burdens of aging populations. The Japanese government is implementing the Community-based Integrated Care System (CbICS) for elderly individuals to provide comprehensive up-to-end-of-life support services in communities. This system proposes four elements: self-help (Ji-jo), mutual aid (Go-jo), social solidarity care (Kyo-jo), and government care (Ko-jo); self-help and mutual aid are expected to be strengthened for successful policy implementation. Thailand, with the highest aging rate in Southeast Asia, has a successful system based on primary health care (PHC). The authors discussed ideas from the Thai health policy for the elderly to address the challenges in the Japanese system. For a data collection method, the authors conducted document reviews. Interviews with officers from the relevant ministries were conducted to verify the evidence to strengthen self-help and mutual aid in Japan’s CbICS. Factors promoting the implementation of the Thai health policy for the elderly were extracted. Aging issues were influenced by the national strategy. The second National Plan for Older Persons focused on community-based care services following the PHC concept and tried to implement them comprehensively along with the ministries. The factors promoting the implementation of the Thai health policy for the elderly included “Clear and adequate government role distribution”, “Decentralization and authority of local governments”, “Earlier preparation”, “Empowerment and encouragement of preventive activities in the community”, “Evaluation system”, “Evidence-based”, “Fit for global concepts and national issues”, “Involvement of stakeholders”, and “Solutions to fragmentation”. The results indicated that the Thai health policy for the elderly was characterized by a strong central government, with emphasis on well-being and the prevention of diseases, and involvement of multiple ministries. Japan’s CbICS could provide more effective services when community activities adopt Thailand’s community-based elderly care. Relevant ministries should be more integrated for better service provision, and Japan’s PHC concept should be reconsidered for application to its peculiar situation.Publication Open Access Management of aging society in Kobe, Japan(2016) Phetcharee Rupavijetra; Jiraporn Chompikul; Ploypailin Rupavijetra; เพ็ชรี รูปะวิเชตร์1 2 และ3; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; พลอยไพลิน รูปะวิเชตร์; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health Developmentons at all levels have responded to this matter by initializing policies and plans for the management of the elderly society. This research aimed to describe the following issues: (1) long-term care insurance for the elderly and (2) health care services for the elderly. The research was based on the principles of documentary and qualitative research. The data were collected via document research and interviews with the Kobe Municipal officers which was composed of the chief and three staff members of the Elderly and Welfare Section for policies, plans, and management of the aging society in the Kobe Municipality during October- November, 2014. In addition, the data were collected from interviews with twenty elderly Japanese people who participated in Shiawase–no-mura (the Comprehensive Welfare Complex). Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The research findings were as follows: (1) long-term care insurance for the elderly is a policy that provides care for the elderly, and is based on “Welfare Law for the Elderly” which was designed for low income elderly who have no family to care for them. However, the new long-term care insurance departs from past practices with respect to the following: (a) shifting the major responsibility for care giving from family to the state; (b) integrating medical care and social services via unified financing; (c) enhancing consumer choice and competition by allowing free choice of providers; (d) requiring older persons themselves to share the costs via insurance premiums as well as copayments; and (e) expanding local governmentautonomy and management capacity in social policy. (2) As far as health care services for the elderly is concerned, the Japanese government’s initiative, the Welfare Law for the Elderly, has a special system for the elderly, called “Health Service System for the Elderly.” The facility services in special nursing homes and home care aid services are funded by taxes. For, the Kobe Municipal has policies, plans, and management designed for the aging society: the long-term care insurance is that in which Kobe city is equipping itself to manage effectively the trend of increasing numbers of aging people by launching the statement, “keep life and take care” as well as planning for aged people with Alzheimer’s disease and aged people who are isolated. Kobe established the “Shiawase–no-mura”: the Comprehensive Welfare Complex designed for the elderly including the disabled and all the members in the family, and the program called Kobe Senior Citizens’ College or “Silver College,” which provides for the elderly to maintain life-long learning. The curriculum is composed of a general course which provides general education, sports, and health management studies, and the special courses include welfare community, living environment, international exchange, cooperation, and general art. The research finding suggested that long-term care insurance, health care services and colleges for the elderly should be promoted to improve the quality of their life.Publication Open Access Determinants of the unmet need for family planning among married fecund women in Natmauk Township, Magway Region of Myanmar(2018) Aung Hpone Myint; Sariyamon Tiraphat; Jiraporn Chompikul; อัง โฟน มินท์; ศริยามน ติรพัฒน์; จิราพร ชมพิกุล; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentFamily Planning plays an important role in improving maternal and child health by means of adequate spacing of child births and preventing unintended pregnancies. Reducing unmet need is crucial in fighting against the high levels of induced abortions, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to April 2018 in Natmauk township, Magway region of Myanmar. A total of 420 married women of reproductive age (18-49 years) were enrolled in this study and two-stage stratified sampling was used to draw a sample. The data were collected by face to face interview with a structured questionnaire. Total percentage of unmet need for family planning in the study area was 18.1% and the percentage of contraceptive use was 71.7%. After using multiple logistic regression, older women aged more than 35 years (Adj OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.48-4.19), poor attitude towards family planning (Adj OR=1.79, 95% CI=1.02-3.14), women who got low social support from husband and friends (Adj OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.13-3.31) were more likely to have unmet need for family planning than their counterparts. The main reasons for not using contraception were fear of side effects and desire to get more children. It is notable that the prevalence of unmet need for family planning was high especially among women within older age group, women with poor attitude towards family planning and women who got low social support from their husbands and friends. Local government and health authorities should implement comprehensive health programs which should be focused on the women as well as their husbands. Furthermore, providing counselling strategies for family planning while integrating participation of women and their husbands to improve the attitude towards family planning are need to be promoted.Publication Open Access Prevalence and associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Pan-Ta-Naw township, Myanmar(2015) Wai Lynn Kyi; Aroonsri Mongkolchati; Jiraporn Chompikul; Somsak Wongsawass; Mahidol University. ASEAN Institute for Health DevelopmentThis cross sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practices in Pan-Ta-Naw Township, Ayyerwaddy Region, Myanmar. Two-stage stratified sampling was used to randomly select a sample of 403 mothers who have a child aged 6-12 months. They were interviewed both in rural and urban hospitals. The research instrument was consisted of 43 questions.Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence of the first six-month exclusive breastfeeding was 15%. This study found that most mothers introduced water and rice to their infant as well as breast feeding, and very few mothers used formula milk, juice or cow’s milk. The following factors were significant associations with exclusive breast feeding: place of residence (Adj.OR=5.88, 95%CI=2.02- 17.12), marital status (Adj.OR=6.34, 95%CI=1.76-22.90), mother’s education(Adj.OR=6.72, 95%CI=1.52-29.61), mother’s occupation (Adj.OR=5.94, 95%CI=2.23-15.81), places of delivery (Adj.OR=7.29, 95%CI=2.48-21.38), ANC visit at least 4 times (Adj.OR=27.02, 95%CI=7.57-96.49), and knowledge about breastfeeding (Adj.OR=10.84, 95%CI=3.11-37.77). The strongest predictor was making ANC visits at least 4 times. This study found that mothers in both rural and urban area were likely to have little understanding about exclusive breast feeding; hence, health education regarding to this issue should be promoted. As the frequency of ANC visits has been showed to be the strongest significant factors, enhancing the mother’s knowledge about breastfeeding should be considered to include in the ante-natal period of services in health centres.